Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk wi...Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk with food in yourmouth orchew with your mouth open.展开更多
The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge ...The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge of have been drawing great attention from researchers and designer in this filed. In present paper,in order to investigate the influence of charge initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead, the numerical simulations and experimental test are conducted.Firstly, the influence of grid density on numerical results is investigated, and a proper numerical model with relatively high accuracy and effectiveness is determined. Then. numerical simulations of three kinds of different initiation position of a semi-preformed fragment warhead are carried out. An experimental test of the explosion of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is carried out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical results and experimental data, it is found that the initiation manners have great influence on scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead. The researcher work of this paper would provide an effective alternative method to optimize the design of warhead.展开更多
With the further integration of global economy, business competition becomes increasingly fierce; interactions among na-tions are more often than before. Business manners become quite necessary because manners convey ...With the further integration of global economy, business competition becomes increasingly fierce; interactions among na-tions are more often than before. Business manners become quite necessary because manners convey a man of his or her qualities,self-confidence and spirits. A man's behaviors in formal occasions are not only for himself but represent his unit, sometimes a na-tion's reputation. Thus in orders to have a successful business negotiation, business behaviors and manners must be watched.Thisessay is aim at speech and gifting manners in foreign business: One is that we need attention on wordage, appellations and topics intalking. The other is that we shall mind pick, gifting and acceptance of presents.展开更多
The table manners refer to the rules and standard of behaviors that people should abide by in the formal dining processes. Due to the different cultural backgrounds, there are different cultures of table manners betwe...The table manners refer to the rules and standard of behaviors that people should abide by in the formal dining processes. Due to the different cultural backgrounds, there are different cultures of table manners between China and England, which are shown from the arrangement of the order of seats, the etiquette of serving up and urging other people to drink and the ways of using tableware.展开更多
Table etiquette is an aspect of culture.Against different cultural backgrounds,China and Western countries may have different customs.Only if the differences are understood can cultural conflicts be properly dealt wit...Table etiquette is an aspect of culture.Against different cultural backgrounds,China and Western countries may have different customs.Only if the differences are understood can cultural conflicts be properly dealt with in intercultural communications.Detailed discussion and comparison of differences between Chinese and Western table manners are mainly talked about in this paper.It aims to analyze the cultural causes of these differences.At last,it expounds on four reasons that have caused the differences:historical backgrounds,thinking modes,diet structures and national characters.展开更多
In the history, there was a famous Englishman, Sir WalterRaleigh, who lived four hundred years ago. Once he laidhis cloak over a puddle of water so that Queen Elizabeth would notget her feet wet. This pleased the Quee...In the history, there was a famous Englishman, Sir WalterRaleigh, who lived four hundred years ago. Once he laidhis cloak over a puddle of water so that Queen Elizabeth would notget her feet wet. This pleased the Queen at the time but no onewould do this nowadays. You would look silly if you did this foryour teacher. --Manners change as time goes by. If you want toknow more about manners, please fulfil the following parts展开更多
With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Ch...With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.展开更多
祸起称呼,导致命案！这与日语中的敬语有关: Honorific terms(敬语表达)of address are used constantly in Japan,evenamong friends,most commonly by adding the suffix“san”to a person’s name.Failure to do so is seen as extr...祸起称呼,导致命案！这与日语中的敬语有关: Honorific terms(敬语表达)of address are used constantly in Japan,evenamong friends,most commonly by adding the suffix“san”to a person’s name.Failure to do so is seen as extremely rude. 本文出现了一个常用词harbor,意思是“海港;码头”,但在本文却用其转义,非常精彩:to entertain or nourish(a specified thought or feeding)/持有或抱有(某种 特殊的思想或感情)。另如:harbor a grudge/满怀嫉妒;He harbors a wish to bea world championship.(喻)/他内心怀有当一名世界冠军的愿望。展开更多
When it comes to the UK,many of us would like to think about gentlemen and their good manners.It’s necessary for us to understand some of the manners of British before visiting the UK.Just as an old saying goes,"...When it comes to the UK,many of us would like to think about gentlemen and their good manners.It’s necessary for us to understand some of the manners of British before visiting the UK.Just as an old saying goes,"When in Rome,do as the Romans do." Here are some tips you should know to make a good impression.展开更多
This article centers on The Call of the Wild,an English novel by American author Jack London,alongside two Chinese translations by Dajie Liu and Menglin Zhang,and Rongyue Liu.Seventy sentences containing motion events...This article centers on The Call of the Wild,an English novel by American author Jack London,alongside two Chinese translations by Dajie Liu and Menglin Zhang,and Rongyue Liu.Seventy sentences containing motion events and their corresponding translations were randomly selected for analysis.The study focuses on the primary elements of motion events-manner,path,and ground-and examines their Chinese translations through the lens of Skopos theory.Skopos theory emphasizes whether translators can adopt appropriate translation strategies according to various contextual factors during the translation process.Compared to verb-framed languages,satellite-framed languages possess a richer vocabulary for manner verbs,express more detailed manner information,use more satellite words to indicate paths,and incorporate more background information.Verb-framed languages,by contrast,typically express manner information only when necessary and tend to include less background information.The analysis reveals that both Chinese translations embody the core principle of Skopos theory:translation strategies are determined by their purpose.To fulfill the novel’s translation objectives,the translators adeptly adjust their strategies for motion event components based on different contextual needs.It is noted that the Chinese translations do not fully retain the characteristics of English as a typical satellite-framed language.This observation aligns with Skopos theory’s purpose-oriented approach,which prioritizes translation goals over strict adherence to source text characteristics.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.展开更多
This paper analyzes the unique business etiquette under specific culture of different countries, the similarities and differences of business etiquette among China and main English-speaking countries, i.e. Britain, Am...This paper analyzes the unique business etiquette under specific culture of different countries, the similarities and differences of business etiquette among China and main English-speaking countries, i.e. Britain, America, are discussed. Better understanding of how cultural differences influence the operations of international business is the most essential for people who look for standard of excellence.展开更多
Grice's maxims,which define the conditions for efficient spoken communication,can be adapted to the teaching of writing by providing both teachers and writers with a way of understanding successful and unsuccessfu...Grice's maxims,which define the conditions for efficient spoken communication,can be adapted to the teaching of writing by providing both teachers and writers with a way of understanding successful and unsuccessful written correspondence in mono-and cross-cultural settings.A survey of lay readers' responses to a sample letter which show that,while there are individual differences in the way these maxims are interpreted,readers expect clarity,brevity,and sincerity,and writing which fails to meet these expectations will be unfavorably received.Also discussed are the issues of contrastive rhetoric,and ways of helping writers to position themselves in relation to their real or imagined reader.展开更多
As a prominent American"novelist of manners"at the turn of the 20th century, Edith Wharton has attracted great attention of critics with her extraordinary writing talent. The Custom of the Country is one of ...As a prominent American"novelist of manners"at the turn of the 20th century, Edith Wharton has attracted great attention of critics with her extraordinary writing talent. The Custom of the Country is one of her work depicting the life of the Nouveau Riche and the upper-class society. This paper, a literature review on Edith Wharton and The Custom of the Country both at home and abroad, aims to offer a systematic classification of the existing researches, figure out the recent research focuses and thus facilitate the future studies.展开更多
Pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction or hyper-reactivity occurs in association with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) more frequently than previously recognized.Emerging evidence suggests that subtle inflammation exists ...Pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction or hyper-reactivity occurs in association with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) more frequently than previously recognized.Emerging evidence suggests that subtle inflammation exists in the airways among IBD patients even in the absence of any bronchopulmonary symptoms,and with normal pulmonary functions. The pulmonary impairment is more pronounced in IBD patients with active disease than in those in remission. A growing number of case reports show that the IBD patients develop rapidly progressive respiratory symptoms after colectomy,with failure to isolate bacterial pathogens on repeated sputum culture,and often request oral corticosteroid therapy. All the above evidence indicates that the inflammatory changes in both the intestine and lung during IBD. Clinical or subclinical pulmonary inflammation accompanies the main inflammation of the bowel.Although there are clinical and epidemiological reports of chronic inflammation of the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa in IBD,the detailed mechanisms of pulmonaryintestinal crosstalk remain unknown. The lung has no anatomical connection with the main inflammatory site of the bowel. Why does the inflammatory process shift from the gastrointestinal tract to the airways? The clinical and subclinical pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction,or hyper-reactivity among IBD patients need further evaluation. Here,we give an overview of the concordance between chronic inflammatory reactions in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. A better understanding of the possible mechanism of the crosstalk among the distant organs will be beneficial in identifying therapeutic strategies for mucosal inflammatory diseases such as IBD and allergy.展开更多
文摘Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk with food in yourmouth orchew with your mouth open.
基金supported by the Joint Foundation project for Young Scientists of Ministry of Education(6141A02033108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11502180)
文摘The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge of have been drawing great attention from researchers and designer in this filed. In present paper,in order to investigate the influence of charge initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead, the numerical simulations and experimental test are conducted.Firstly, the influence of grid density on numerical results is investigated, and a proper numerical model with relatively high accuracy and effectiveness is determined. Then. numerical simulations of three kinds of different initiation position of a semi-preformed fragment warhead are carried out. An experimental test of the explosion of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is carried out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical results and experimental data, it is found that the initiation manners have great influence on scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead. The researcher work of this paper would provide an effective alternative method to optimize the design of warhead.
文摘With the further integration of global economy, business competition becomes increasingly fierce; interactions among na-tions are more often than before. Business manners become quite necessary because manners convey a man of his or her qualities,self-confidence and spirits. A man's behaviors in formal occasions are not only for himself but represent his unit, sometimes a na-tion's reputation. Thus in orders to have a successful business negotiation, business behaviors and manners must be watched.Thisessay is aim at speech and gifting manners in foreign business: One is that we need attention on wordage, appellations and topics intalking. The other is that we shall mind pick, gifting and acceptance of presents.
文摘The table manners refer to the rules and standard of behaviors that people should abide by in the formal dining processes. Due to the different cultural backgrounds, there are different cultures of table manners between China and England, which are shown from the arrangement of the order of seats, the etiquette of serving up and urging other people to drink and the ways of using tableware.
文摘Table etiquette is an aspect of culture.Against different cultural backgrounds,China and Western countries may have different customs.Only if the differences are understood can cultural conflicts be properly dealt with in intercultural communications.Detailed discussion and comparison of differences between Chinese and Western table manners are mainly talked about in this paper.It aims to analyze the cultural causes of these differences.At last,it expounds on four reasons that have caused the differences:historical backgrounds,thinking modes,diet structures and national characters.
文摘In the history, there was a famous Englishman, Sir WalterRaleigh, who lived four hundred years ago. Once he laidhis cloak over a puddle of water so that Queen Elizabeth would notget her feet wet. This pleased the Queen at the time but no onewould do this nowadays. You would look silly if you did this foryour teacher. --Manners change as time goes by. If you want toknow more about manners, please fulfil the following parts
文摘With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.
文摘祸起称呼,导致命案！这与日语中的敬语有关: Honorific terms(敬语表达)of address are used constantly in Japan,evenamong friends,most commonly by adding the suffix“san”to a person’s name.Failure to do so is seen as extremely rude. 本文出现了一个常用词harbor,意思是“海港;码头”,但在本文却用其转义,非常精彩:to entertain or nourish(a specified thought or feeding)/持有或抱有(某种 特殊的思想或感情)。另如:harbor a grudge/满怀嫉妒;He harbors a wish to bea world championship.(喻)/他内心怀有当一名世界冠军的愿望。
文摘When it comes to the UK,many of us would like to think about gentlemen and their good manners.It’s necessary for us to understand some of the manners of British before visiting the UK.Just as an old saying goes,"When in Rome,do as the Romans do." Here are some tips you should know to make a good impression.
基金Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of China’s Ministry of Education(23YJCZH242)Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang Higher Education Institutions(2024QN069)Hangzhou Collaborative Innovation Institute of Language Services,Hangzhou City University,China。
文摘This article centers on The Call of the Wild,an English novel by American author Jack London,alongside two Chinese translations by Dajie Liu and Menglin Zhang,and Rongyue Liu.Seventy sentences containing motion events and their corresponding translations were randomly selected for analysis.The study focuses on the primary elements of motion events-manner,path,and ground-and examines their Chinese translations through the lens of Skopos theory.Skopos theory emphasizes whether translators can adopt appropriate translation strategies according to various contextual factors during the translation process.Compared to verb-framed languages,satellite-framed languages possess a richer vocabulary for manner verbs,express more detailed manner information,use more satellite words to indicate paths,and incorporate more background information.Verb-framed languages,by contrast,typically express manner information only when necessary and tend to include less background information.The analysis reveals that both Chinese translations embody the core principle of Skopos theory:translation strategies are determined by their purpose.To fulfill the novel’s translation objectives,the translators adeptly adjust their strategies for motion event components based on different contextual needs.It is noted that the Chinese translations do not fully retain the characteristics of English as a typical satellite-framed language.This observation aligns with Skopos theory’s purpose-oriented approach,which prioritizes translation goals over strict adherence to source text characteristics.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.
文摘This paper analyzes the unique business etiquette under specific culture of different countries, the similarities and differences of business etiquette among China and main English-speaking countries, i.e. Britain, America, are discussed. Better understanding of how cultural differences influence the operations of international business is the most essential for people who look for standard of excellence.
文摘Grice's maxims,which define the conditions for efficient spoken communication,can be adapted to the teaching of writing by providing both teachers and writers with a way of understanding successful and unsuccessful written correspondence in mono-and cross-cultural settings.A survey of lay readers' responses to a sample letter which show that,while there are individual differences in the way these maxims are interpreted,readers expect clarity,brevity,and sincerity,and writing which fails to meet these expectations will be unfavorably received.Also discussed are the issues of contrastive rhetoric,and ways of helping writers to position themselves in relation to their real or imagined reader.
文摘As a prominent American"novelist of manners"at the turn of the 20th century, Edith Wharton has attracted great attention of critics with her extraordinary writing talent. The Custom of the Country is one of her work depicting the life of the Nouveau Riche and the upper-class society. This paper, a literature review on Edith Wharton and The Custom of the Country both at home and abroad, aims to offer a systematic classification of the existing researches, figure out the recent research focuses and thus facilitate the future studies.
文摘Pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction or hyper-reactivity occurs in association with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) more frequently than previously recognized.Emerging evidence suggests that subtle inflammation exists in the airways among IBD patients even in the absence of any bronchopulmonary symptoms,and with normal pulmonary functions. The pulmonary impairment is more pronounced in IBD patients with active disease than in those in remission. A growing number of case reports show that the IBD patients develop rapidly progressive respiratory symptoms after colectomy,with failure to isolate bacterial pathogens on repeated sputum culture,and often request oral corticosteroid therapy. All the above evidence indicates that the inflammatory changes in both the intestine and lung during IBD. Clinical or subclinical pulmonary inflammation accompanies the main inflammation of the bowel.Although there are clinical and epidemiological reports of chronic inflammation of the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa in IBD,the detailed mechanisms of pulmonaryintestinal crosstalk remain unknown. The lung has no anatomical connection with the main inflammatory site of the bowel. Why does the inflammatory process shift from the gastrointestinal tract to the airways? The clinical and subclinical pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction,or hyper-reactivity among IBD patients need further evaluation. Here,we give an overview of the concordance between chronic inflammatory reactions in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. A better understanding of the possible mechanism of the crosstalk among the distant organs will be beneficial in identifying therapeutic strategies for mucosal inflammatory diseases such as IBD and allergy.
