Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating ...Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating delicate objects such as soft and fragile foods underwater require gentle contact and stable adhesion,which poses a serious challenge to now available soft grippers.Inspired by the sucker infundibulum structure and flexible tentacles of octopus,herein we developed a hydraulically actuated hydrogel soft gripper with adaptive maneuverability by coupling multiple hydrogen bond-mediated supramolecular hydrogels and vat polymerization three-dimensional printing,in which hydrogel bionic sucker is composed of a tunable curvature membrane,a negative pressure cavity,and a pneumatic chamber.The design of the sucker structure with the alterable curvature membrane is conducive to realize the reliable and gentle switchable adhesion of the hydrogel soft gripper.As a proof-of-concept,the adaptive hydrogel soft gripper is capable of implement diversified underwater tasks,including gingerly grasping fragile foods like egg yolks and tofu,as well as underwater robots and vehicles that station-keeping and crawling based on switchable adhesion.This study therefore provides a transformative strategy for the design of novel soft grippers that will render promising utilities for underwater exploration soft robotics.展开更多
The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional dr...The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers(TETs).The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface.The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet,which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force.Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion.TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions,including anti-gravity climb,suspended droplets,corrosive liquids,low-surface-tension liquids(e.g.ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m^(-1)),different droplet volumes(from 100 nl to 0.5 ml),passing through narrow slits,sliding over damaged areas,on various solid substrates,and even droplets in an enclosed system.Various droplet-related applications,such as motion guidance,motion switching,droplet-based microreactions,surface cleaning,surface defogging,liquid sorting,and cell labeling,can be easily achieved with TETs.展开更多
Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,micro...Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.展开更多
The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics...The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration（IRI） is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms： main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part（virtual rigid） without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations（DAEs） of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations（ODEs） by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C＋＋.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.展开更多
Potassium-selenium(K-Se)batteries have attracted more and more attention because of their high theoretical specific capacity and natural abundance of K resources.However,dissolution of polyselenides,large volume expan...Potassium-selenium(K-Se)batteries have attracted more and more attention because of their high theoretical specific capacity and natural abundance of K resources.However,dissolution of polyselenides,large volume expansion during cycling and low utilization of Se remain great challenges,leading to poor rate capability and cycle life.Herein,N/O dual-doped carbon nanofibers with interconnected micro/mesopores(MMCFs)are designed as hosts to manipulate Se molecular configuration for advanced flexible K-Se batteries.The micropores play a role in confining small Se molecule(Se_(2–3)),which could inhibit the formation of polyselenides and work as physical barrier to stabilize the cycle performance.While the mesopores can confine long-chain Se(Se_(4–7)),promising sufficient Se loading and contributing to higher discharge voltage of the whole Se@MMCFs composite.The N/O co-doping and the 3D interpenetrating nanostructure improve electrical conductivity and keep the structure integrity after cycling.The obtained Se_(2–3)/Se_(4–7)@MMCFs electrode exhibits an unprecedented cycle life(395 mA h g^(−1) at 1 A g^(−1) after 2000 cycles)and high specific energy density(400 Wh kg^(−1),nearly twice the specific energy density of the Se_(2–3)@MMCFs).This study offers a rational design for the realization of a high energy density and long cycle life chalcogen cathode for energy storage.展开更多
In the backward propagation of acoustic waves, the direction of phase velocity is anti-parallel to that of group velocity. We propose a scheme to manipulate the backward propagation using a periodicM structure. The dy...In the backward propagation of acoustic waves, the direction of phase velocity is anti-parallel to that of group velocity. We propose a scheme to manipulate the backward propagation using a periodicM structure. The dynamic backward propagation process is further experimentally observed. It is demonstrated that the oblique incident plane wave moves backward when it travels through the periodical structure and the backward shift can be controlled within a certain range.展开更多
Recently, numerous biological macromolecular experiments have been conducted with optical tweezers. For the single molecular stretching experiment with optical tweezers, three ways to determine the initial adhesion po...Recently, numerous biological macromolecular experiments have been conducted with optical tweezers. For the single molecular stretching experiment with optical tweezers, three ways to determine the initial adhesion point of DNA on the coverslip are described in this work. In addition, a new method through analyzing the displacement variance of the trapped particle to obtain the trap height is introduced. Using our proposed methods, the obtained force-extension curve for the operated dsDNA agrees well with the worm-like chain model. These improved methods are also applicable to other related biological macromolecular experiments requiring high precision.展开更多
Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a traumatic event that can lead to permanent motor and sensory deficits.After the initial trauma,axons of surviving neurons rapidly retract.While there may be a small degree of abortive spr...Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a traumatic event that can lead to permanent motor and sensory deficits.After the initial trauma,axons of surviving neurons rapidly retract.While there may be a small degree of abortive sprouting,virtually all attempts at robust regrowth across the lesion site ultimately fail.Thus,neurons below the level of the injury are permanently disconnected from their normal input,resulting in persistent loss of function.展开更多
Theoretical simulations about manipulating vector solitons with super-sech pulse shapes are conducted based on an optical fiber system.By changing the temporal pulses’parameters when the orthogonally polarized pulses...Theoretical simulations about manipulating vector solitons with super-sech pulse shapes are conducted based on an optical fiber system.By changing the temporal pulses’parameters when the orthogonally polarized pulses have the same or different input central wavelengths,the output modes in orthogonal directions will demonstrate different properties.When the input orthogonal modes have the same central wavelength,the“2+2”pseudo-high-order vector soliton can be generated when the time delay is changed.While under the condition of different central wavelengths,orthogonal pulses with multiple peaks accompanied with two wavelengths can be achieved through varying the projection angle,time delay or phase difference.Our simulations are helpful to the study of optical soliton dynamics in optical fiber systems.展开更多
This paper presents a novel working mechanism of a micropump using micropaddles(MPs)to actively manipulate fluid based on 3 D printing technology.The novel working principle is systematically discussed using analysis,...This paper presents a novel working mechanism of a micropump using micropaddles(MPs)to actively manipulate fluid based on 3 D printing technology.The novel working principle is systematically discussed using analysis,computation and experiment methods.A theoretical model is established to research the working mechanism and crucial parameters for driving ability,such as MPs shape,size,vibration amplitude and frequency.Two different 3 D printing techniques that simplify the multi-step process into only one step are introduced to manufacture the prototype pump for investigating the principle experimentally.A testing system is designed to evaluate the flow rate of pumps with eight different vibrating paddles.A maximum flux of 127.9 mL/min is obtained at an applied voltage of 9 V.These experiments show that the active-type mechanical pump could not only freely control flow direction but also change flux by adopting different shapes or distribution ways.The advantage of the novel micropump is the application of the MP structure into the micropump system to actively manipulate fluid with flexibility and high driving ability at fairly low power.展开更多
Currently,in multimedia and image processing technologies, implementing special kinds of image manipulation operations by dealing directly with the compressed image is a work worthy to be concerned with. Theoretical a...Currently,in multimedia and image processing technologies, implementing special kinds of image manipulation operations by dealing directly with the compressed image is a work worthy to be concerned with. Theoretical analysis and experiment haVe indicated that some kinds of image processing works can be done very well by dealing with compressed image. In Ans paper, we give some efficient image manipulation operation algorithms operating on the compressed image data. These algorithms have advantages in computing complexity, storage space retirement and image quality.展开更多
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)producing HCOOH and CO is one of the most promising approaches for storing renewable electricity as chemical energy in fuels.SnO_(2) is a good catalyst ...The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)producing HCOOH and CO is one of the most promising approaches for storing renewable electricity as chemical energy in fuels.SnO_(2) is a good catalyst for CO_(2)-to-HCOOH or CO_(2)-to-CO conversion,with different crystal planes participating the catalytic process.Among them,(110)surface SnO_(2) is very stable and easy to synthesisze.By changing the ratio of Sn:O for SnO_(2)(110),we have two typical SnO_(2) thin films:fully oxidized(stoichiometric)and partially reduced.In this work,we are concerned with different metals(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Os,Ir,Pt,and Au)-doped SnO_(2)(110)with different activity and selectivity for CO_(2) RR.All these changes are manipulated by adjusting the ratio of Sn:O in(110)surface.The results show that stochiometric and reduced Cu/Ag doped SnO_(2)(110)have different selectivity for CO_(2) RR.More specifically,stochiometric Cu/Ag-doped SnO_(2)(110)tends to generate CO(g).Meanwhile,the reduced surface tends to generate HCOOH(g).Moreover,we also considered the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The catalysts SnO_(2)(110)doped by Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir,and Pt have high activity for HER,and others are good catalysts for CO_(2) RR.展开更多
This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how s...This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how such a discursive representation could be mediated through translation as a socio-communicative action and translation studies as a growing interdisciplinary field of inquiry.To this end,a twofold theoretical framework at both macro-linguistic and micro-linguistic levels is employed-consisting of a quadruple categorization of legitimation developed by Van Leeuwen(2008)[38]on political discourse(PD)and Fairclough's(2003)[12]critical discourse analysis(CDA)model on linguistic modality-to analyze one of the political speeches delivered by the Iranian former president Mahmood Ahmadinejad and subtitled into English by MEMRITV(Middle East Media Research Institute TV).The results,confirming political discourse and its translation as a means of de/legitimation,indicate that although there are no overt manipulations regarding the discourse of de/legitimation in the target text(TT),the manipulation of micro-linguistic device of modality constitutes a degree of covert manipulation of de-legitimizing discourse,altering the author's(the source text enunciator's)commitment to truth.It is concluded that viewing translation of political discourse as a means of de/legitimization in the context of micro-linguistic aspects such as modality could probably open a fruitful avenue to discourse studies in general and translation studies in particular.However,to comparatively achieve more reliable and informative results,adopting eclectic approaches to the critical study of PD seems to be more promising.展开更多
Compared with conventional manipulating methods,such as vacuum suction,electromagnetic adsorption,and mechanical clamping,gecko-inspired adhesives possess the ability of attaching on various surfaces with extensive ap...Compared with conventional manipulating methods,such as vacuum suction,electromagnetic adsorption,and mechanical clamping,gecko-inspired adhesives possess the ability of attaching on various surfaces with extensive applications in space operation,industrial manufacturing,etc.However,adhesive structures with high adhesion on one certain surface may lose their adhesive performance when gripping another surface.Achieving a good adhesion on objects with unknown surface morphology in a simple way is still a great challenge for gecko-inspired adhesives.Inspired by the interaction of the gecko’s actuating muscle and adhesive structures,we propose a smart adhesive film to adaptively manipulate objects with unknown surface morphology,consisting of magnetic artificial muscle and mushroom-shaped structures at the microscale.Controlled by the magnetic field,the adhesive film can conformally contact the target surfaces with flat/curved morphology or smooth/rough topography,and easily separated from the contacting interfaces,which process is performed without complex image recognition or detection sensors on predetermining the detailed morphology of the opposing surfaces.This specific characteristic enables the smart adhesive film to successfully grip,transfer and release the unknown objects,extending the operating specification of geckoinspired adhesives.Especially,in the manipulating process,the objects would not be dropped down from the smart adhesive film even if the magnetic field is suddenly removed,which is seldom achieved by other soft grippers.The proposed adhesion strategy extends gecko-inspired adhesives from specific types of surfaces to unknown surface morphology,opening an avenue for the development of gecko-inspired adhesive-based devices and systems.展开更多
The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological field...The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological fields,including quantum information processing,optical trapping,and microscopy[1,2].展开更多
The development of the magnetic manipulating system is essential for applications of magnetically actuated miniature robots in biomedical practice,such as targeted therapy and precise surgery.However,the workspaces of...The development of the magnetic manipulating system is essential for applications of magnetically actuated miniature robots in biomedical practice,such as targeted therapy and precise surgery.However,the workspaces of existing magnetic manipulating systems for miniature robots are mostly insufficient to manipulate miniature robots inside human bodies.The present study proposes an innovative electromagnets-based manipulating system,TrinityMag,which can produce dynamic three-dimensional(3D)magnetic fields in a human-scale spherical workspace with a 2.6 m diameter.The magnetic field of a single electromagnet is simulated,and a new calibration technic is designed based on deep learning networks.Then,the arrangement of three electromagnets is optimized to produce maximal 3D arbitrary magnetic fields with limited currents.Moreover,a target-tracking algorithm is developed so that the TrinityMag can track the miniature robot in real time.Finally,the TrinityMag is validated in experiments to manipulate a soft millirobot to move in human-scale tortuous tracks with two types of locomotions.The maximum speed of the soft millirobot reaches 11.05 body length/s.Our work contributes to a significant increment in the workspace of the electromagnets-based manipulating system for miniature robots.We further expect that the TrinityMag could push the applications of miniature robots from laboratory to clinical practice.展开更多
Sluggish polysulfide redox kinetics,especially the high energy barrier of rate-determining short-chain polysulfide conversion and the high activation barrier of Na_(2)S decomposition during sulfur recovery,compromise ...Sluggish polysulfide redox kinetics,especially the high energy barrier of rate-determining short-chain polysulfide conversion and the high activation barrier of Na_(2)S decomposition during sulfur recovery,compromise the full potential of rechargeable Na-S electrochemistry.Herein we construct the hierarchical sandwich-structured carbon matrix with atomically dispersed Mn-N4 Lewis acidic sites,taking advantage of their bidirectional electrocatalytic behavior toward interface-mediated reversible sulfur redox.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the spatial confinement and catalytic effects facilitated via strong Lewis acid-base electron interactions synergistically manipulate the low kinetically direct Na_(2)S_(4) to Na_(2)S conversion,and the formation of Mn-S bond minimizes the energy barrier of Na_(2)S electrochemical activation during battery recharging,thereby rendering a reversible and tunable polysulfide speciation pathway.Furthermore,the degradation of the Na-S cell is due to the depletion of metal anode rather than the loss of active sulfur species and/or aggregation of inactive dead sulfur.As expected,the S@Mn/NC cathode delivers outstanding rate capability and ultrahigh cycling stability.Simultaneously,a proof-of-concept pouch cell was also demonstrated capable of delivering an energy density up to 840 Wh kgcathode−1.The tunable sulfur redox electrochemistry invoked by the bidirectional monodispersed Mn catalytic hot spots facilitates the efficient polysulfide speciation for practical Na-S cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment,displaying remarkable plasticity that allows them to either suppress or promote tumor progression.Their polarization into M1 or M2 phenotypes co...BACKGROUND Macrophages play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment,displaying remarkable plasticity that allows them to either suppress or promote tumor progression.Their polarization into M1 or M2 phenotypes could have significant prognostic implications,and manipulating this polarization may offer a novel approach to controlling colorectal neoplasms.AIM To evaluate the infiltration rates of M1 and M2 macrophages in colorectal neoplasia,specifically comparing cases with and without metalloproteinase mutations.Additionally,it sought to explore potential prognostic factors as-sociated with the disease.展开更多
The research on materials capable of manipulating thermal conductivity continues to fuel the development of thermal controlling devices.Here,using ab initio calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation,we demonst...The research on materials capable of manipulating thermal conductivity continues to fuel the development of thermal controlling devices.Here,using ab initio calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation,we demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of semi-fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)can be reversibly manipulated at 300 K,and the ratio for the regulation of thermal conductivity reaches up to 11.23.Such behavior originates from the high sensitivity of thermal conductivity to magnetic ordering.Semi-fluorinated h-BN is a paramagnetic material at room temperature due to its Curie temperature of 270 K.Impressively,semi-fluorinated h-BN can be modulated into a ferromagnetic system by adding an external magnetic field of 11.15 T,resulting in greatly and reversibly tunable thermal conductivity at room temperature.Furthermore,in-depth analyses of phonon properties show that compared with the paramagnetic phase,both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semi-fluorinated h-BN significantly reduce phonon scattering and anharmonicity,thereby enhancing thermal conductivity.The results qualify semi-fluorinated h-BN as a potential candidate for thermal switching applications at room temperature.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands f...Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands for food production.However,undue N fertilizer application and the low N use efficiency(NUE)of modern wheat varieties are aggravating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration.Under nitrogen-limiting conditions,the rice(Oryza sativa)abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor1(are1)mutant exhibits increased NUE,delayed senescence and consequently,increased grain yield.However,the function of ARE1 ortholog in wheat remains unknown.Here,we isolated and characterized three TaARE1 homoeologs from the elite Chinese winter wheat cultivar ZhengMai 7698.We then used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to generate a series of transgene-free mutant lines either with partial or triple-null taare1 alleles.All transgene-free mutant lines showed enhanced tolerance to N starvation,and showed delayed senescence and increased grain yield in field conditions.In particular,the AABBdd and aabbDD mutant lines exhibited delayed senescence and significantly increased grain yield without growth defects compared to the wild-type control.Together,our results underscore the potential to manipulate ARE1 orthologs through gene editing for breeding of high-yield wheat as well as other cereal crops with improved NUE.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0470303)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4600101)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175201)the Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province (24JRRA059, 24JRRA044, and 24YFFA014)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai (AMGM2024F12)the Major Program (ZYFZFX-2) of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CASthe Special Research Assistant Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Oasis Scholar of Shihezi University
文摘Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating delicate objects such as soft and fragile foods underwater require gentle contact and stable adhesion,which poses a serious challenge to now available soft grippers.Inspired by the sucker infundibulum structure and flexible tentacles of octopus,herein we developed a hydraulically actuated hydrogel soft gripper with adaptive maneuverability by coupling multiple hydrogen bond-mediated supramolecular hydrogels and vat polymerization three-dimensional printing,in which hydrogel bionic sucker is composed of a tunable curvature membrane,a negative pressure cavity,and a pneumatic chamber.The design of the sucker structure with the alterable curvature membrane is conducive to realize the reliable and gentle switchable adhesion of the hydrogel soft gripper.As a proof-of-concept,the adaptive hydrogel soft gripper is capable of implement diversified underwater tasks,including gingerly grasping fragile foods like egg yolks and tofu,as well as underwater robots and vehicles that station-keeping and crawling based on switchable adhesion.This study therefore provides a transformative strategy for the design of novel soft grippers that will render promising utilities for underwater exploration soft robotics.
基金supported by the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Nos.YD2090002013,YD234000009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61927814,62325507,52122511,U20A20290,62005262)。
文摘The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers(TETs).The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface.The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet,which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force.Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion.TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions,including anti-gravity climb,suspended droplets,corrosive liquids,low-surface-tension liquids(e.g.ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m^(-1)),different droplet volumes(from 100 nl to 0.5 ml),passing through narrow slits,sliding over damaged areas,on various solid substrates,and even droplets in an enclosed system.Various droplet-related applications,such as motion guidance,motion switching,droplet-based microreactions,surface cleaning,surface defogging,liquid sorting,and cell labeling,can be easily achieved with TETs.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075557,51805553)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20067)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3011)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2011CB706506)National S&T Great Special of China(Grant Nos. 2012ZX04010011, 2011ZX04014-131)+1 种基金National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(Grant No. 51005204)Postdoctoral Fund of China(Grant No. 20100471000)
文摘The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration（IRI） is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms： main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part（virtual rigid） without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations（DAEs） of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations（ODEs） by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C＋＋.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Research Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0209600,2017YFA0208300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925207,U1910210,51872277,52002083,22005292,51802302)+4 种基金the DNL cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL180310)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060140026,WK3430000006,WK2060000009)the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratoi-y(KY2060000173)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200318)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020M672533,2019TQ0296,2020M682012).
文摘Potassium-selenium(K-Se)batteries have attracted more and more attention because of their high theoretical specific capacity and natural abundance of K resources.However,dissolution of polyselenides,large volume expansion during cycling and low utilization of Se remain great challenges,leading to poor rate capability and cycle life.Herein,N/O dual-doped carbon nanofibers with interconnected micro/mesopores(MMCFs)are designed as hosts to manipulate Se molecular configuration for advanced flexible K-Se batteries.The micropores play a role in confining small Se molecule(Se_(2–3)),which could inhibit the formation of polyselenides and work as physical barrier to stabilize the cycle performance.While the mesopores can confine long-chain Se(Se_(4–7)),promising sufficient Se loading and contributing to higher discharge voltage of the whole Se@MMCFs composite.The N/O co-doping and the 3D interpenetrating nanostructure improve electrical conductivity and keep the structure integrity after cycling.The obtained Se_(2–3)/Se_(4–7)@MMCFs electrode exhibits an unprecedented cycle life(395 mA h g^(−1) at 1 A g^(−1) after 2000 cycles)and high specific energy density(400 Wh kg^(−1),nearly twice the specific energy density of the Se_(2–3)@MMCFs).This study offers a rational design for the realization of a high energy density and long cycle life chalcogen cathode for energy storage.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11404245 and 11374231the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2012AA022606+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No 20130091130004the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China under Grant No 2012YQ15021306
文摘In the backward propagation of acoustic waves, the direction of phase velocity is anti-parallel to that of group velocity. We propose a scheme to manipulate the backward propagation using a periodicM structure. The dynamic backward propagation process is further experimentally observed. It is demonstrated that the oblique incident plane wave moves backward when it travels through the periodical structure and the backward shift can be controlled within a certain range.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 91023049the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB937500
文摘Recently, numerous biological macromolecular experiments have been conducted with optical tweezers. For the single molecular stretching experiment with optical tweezers, three ways to determine the initial adhesion point of DNA on the coverslip are described in this work. In addition, a new method through analyzing the displacement variance of the trapped particle to obtain the trap height is introduced. Using our proposed methods, the obtained force-extension curve for the operated dsDNA agrees well with the worm-like chain model. These improved methods are also applicable to other related biological macromolecular experiments requiring high precision.
基金funded by NIH R01 NS085426(VJT)the Craig H.Neilsen Foundation(DW)
文摘Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a traumatic event that can lead to permanent motor and sensory deficits.After the initial trauma,axons of surviving neurons rapidly retract.While there may be a small degree of abortive sprouting,virtually all attempts at robust regrowth across the lesion site ultimately fail.Thus,neurons below the level of the injury are permanently disconnected from their normal input,resulting in persistent loss of function.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0504500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62105208,51972317,and 61875052)+2 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.20YF1447500)Special Project for Industrialization of High-tech Science and Technology between Jilin Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021SYHZ0029)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1470700)。
文摘Theoretical simulations about manipulating vector solitons with super-sech pulse shapes are conducted based on an optical fiber system.By changing the temporal pulses’parameters when the orthogonally polarized pulses have the same or different input central wavelengths,the output modes in orthogonal directions will demonstrate different properties.When the input orthogonal modes have the same central wavelength,the“2+2”pseudo-high-order vector soliton can be generated when the time delay is changed.While under the condition of different central wavelengths,orthogonal pulses with multiple peaks accompanied with two wavelengths can be achieved through varying the projection angle,time delay or phase difference.Our simulations are helpful to the study of optical soliton dynamics in optical fiber systems.
基金financial support from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,No.17DZ2291400 and No.17DZ2203100)
文摘This paper presents a novel working mechanism of a micropump using micropaddles(MPs)to actively manipulate fluid based on 3 D printing technology.The novel working principle is systematically discussed using analysis,computation and experiment methods.A theoretical model is established to research the working mechanism and crucial parameters for driving ability,such as MPs shape,size,vibration amplitude and frequency.Two different 3 D printing techniques that simplify the multi-step process into only one step are introduced to manufacture the prototype pump for investigating the principle experimentally.A testing system is designed to evaluate the flow rate of pumps with eight different vibrating paddles.A maximum flux of 127.9 mL/min is obtained at an applied voltage of 9 V.These experiments show that the active-type mechanical pump could not only freely control flow direction but also change flux by adopting different shapes or distribution ways.The advantage of the novel micropump is the application of the MP structure into the micropump system to actively manipulate fluid with flexibility and high driving ability at fairly low power.
文摘Currently,in multimedia and image processing technologies, implementing special kinds of image manipulation operations by dealing directly with the compressed image is a work worthy to be concerned with. Theoretical analysis and experiment haVe indicated that some kinds of image processing works can be done very well by dealing with compressed image. In Ans paper, we give some efficient image manipulation operation algorithms operating on the compressed image data. These algorithms have advantages in computing complexity, storage space retirement and image quality.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2017YFA0204904,No.2016YFA0400900,and No.2016YFA0200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973086 and No.21633006)。
文摘The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)producing HCOOH and CO is one of the most promising approaches for storing renewable electricity as chemical energy in fuels.SnO_(2) is a good catalyst for CO_(2)-to-HCOOH or CO_(2)-to-CO conversion,with different crystal planes participating the catalytic process.Among them,(110)surface SnO_(2) is very stable and easy to synthesisze.By changing the ratio of Sn:O for SnO_(2)(110),we have two typical SnO_(2) thin films:fully oxidized(stoichiometric)and partially reduced.In this work,we are concerned with different metals(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Os,Ir,Pt,and Au)-doped SnO_(2)(110)with different activity and selectivity for CO_(2) RR.All these changes are manipulated by adjusting the ratio of Sn:O in(110)surface.The results show that stochiometric and reduced Cu/Ag doped SnO_(2)(110)have different selectivity for CO_(2) RR.More specifically,stochiometric Cu/Ag-doped SnO_(2)(110)tends to generate CO(g).Meanwhile,the reduced surface tends to generate HCOOH(g).Moreover,we also considered the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The catalysts SnO_(2)(110)doped by Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir,and Pt have high activity for HER,and others are good catalysts for CO_(2) RR.
文摘This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how such a discursive representation could be mediated through translation as a socio-communicative action and translation studies as a growing interdisciplinary field of inquiry.To this end,a twofold theoretical framework at both macro-linguistic and micro-linguistic levels is employed-consisting of a quadruple categorization of legitimation developed by Van Leeuwen(2008)[38]on political discourse(PD)and Fairclough's(2003)[12]critical discourse analysis(CDA)model on linguistic modality-to analyze one of the political speeches delivered by the Iranian former president Mahmood Ahmadinejad and subtitled into English by MEMRITV(Middle East Media Research Institute TV).The results,confirming political discourse and its translation as a means of de/legitimation,indicate that although there are no overt manipulations regarding the discourse of de/legitimation in the target text(TT),the manipulation of micro-linguistic device of modality constitutes a degree of covert manipulation of de-legitimizing discourse,altering the author's(the source text enunciator's)commitment to truth.It is concluded that viewing translation of political discourse as a means of de/legitimization in the context of micro-linguistic aspects such as modality could probably open a fruitful avenue to discourse studies in general and translation studies in particular.However,to comparatively achieve more reliable and informative results,adopting eclectic approaches to the critical study of PD seems to be more promising.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(52175546,12102248)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(grant No.xzd012023046)Funded Project of Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology(No.SAST2022-078).
文摘Compared with conventional manipulating methods,such as vacuum suction,electromagnetic adsorption,and mechanical clamping,gecko-inspired adhesives possess the ability of attaching on various surfaces with extensive applications in space operation,industrial manufacturing,etc.However,adhesive structures with high adhesion on one certain surface may lose their adhesive performance when gripping another surface.Achieving a good adhesion on objects with unknown surface morphology in a simple way is still a great challenge for gecko-inspired adhesives.Inspired by the interaction of the gecko’s actuating muscle and adhesive structures,we propose a smart adhesive film to adaptively manipulate objects with unknown surface morphology,consisting of magnetic artificial muscle and mushroom-shaped structures at the microscale.Controlled by the magnetic field,the adhesive film can conformally contact the target surfaces with flat/curved morphology or smooth/rough topography,and easily separated from the contacting interfaces,which process is performed without complex image recognition or detection sensors on predetermining the detailed morphology of the opposing surfaces.This specific characteristic enables the smart adhesive film to successfully grip,transfer and release the unknown objects,extending the operating specification of geckoinspired adhesives.Especially,in the manipulating process,the objects would not be dropped down from the smart adhesive film even if the magnetic field is suddenly removed,which is seldom achieved by other soft grippers.The proposed adhesion strategy extends gecko-inspired adhesives from specific types of surfaces to unknown surface morphology,opening an avenue for the development of gecko-inspired adhesive-based devices and systems.
文摘The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological fields,including quantum information processing,optical trapping,and microscopy[1,2].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4705300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A2064)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220818101611025,RCJC20231-211085926038)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022B1515120010)the SIAT-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Systems。
文摘The development of the magnetic manipulating system is essential for applications of magnetically actuated miniature robots in biomedical practice,such as targeted therapy and precise surgery.However,the workspaces of existing magnetic manipulating systems for miniature robots are mostly insufficient to manipulate miniature robots inside human bodies.The present study proposes an innovative electromagnets-based manipulating system,TrinityMag,which can produce dynamic three-dimensional(3D)magnetic fields in a human-scale spherical workspace with a 2.6 m diameter.The magnetic field of a single electromagnet is simulated,and a new calibration technic is designed based on deep learning networks.Then,the arrangement of three electromagnets is optimized to produce maximal 3D arbitrary magnetic fields with limited currents.Moreover,a target-tracking algorithm is developed so that the TrinityMag can track the miniature robot in real time.Finally,the TrinityMag is validated in experiments to manipulate a soft millirobot to move in human-scale tortuous tracks with two types of locomotions.The maximum speed of the soft millirobot reaches 11.05 body length/s.Our work contributes to a significant increment in the workspace of the electromagnets-based manipulating system for miniature robots.We further expect that the TrinityMag could push the applications of miniature robots from laboratory to clinical practice.
基金financially supported by the Natural Scientific Foundation of China(grant nos.22109001 and 22208335)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grant no.GZB20230950)+2 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.LBH-Z23187)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&Devices,Soochow University(grant no.KJS2308)startup funds provided to H.Z.from the Harbin Institute of Technology.
文摘Sluggish polysulfide redox kinetics,especially the high energy barrier of rate-determining short-chain polysulfide conversion and the high activation barrier of Na_(2)S decomposition during sulfur recovery,compromise the full potential of rechargeable Na-S electrochemistry.Herein we construct the hierarchical sandwich-structured carbon matrix with atomically dispersed Mn-N4 Lewis acidic sites,taking advantage of their bidirectional electrocatalytic behavior toward interface-mediated reversible sulfur redox.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the spatial confinement and catalytic effects facilitated via strong Lewis acid-base electron interactions synergistically manipulate the low kinetically direct Na_(2)S_(4) to Na_(2)S conversion,and the formation of Mn-S bond minimizes the energy barrier of Na_(2)S electrochemical activation during battery recharging,thereby rendering a reversible and tunable polysulfide speciation pathway.Furthermore,the degradation of the Na-S cell is due to the depletion of metal anode rather than the loss of active sulfur species and/or aggregation of inactive dead sulfur.As expected,the S@Mn/NC cathode delivers outstanding rate capability and ultrahigh cycling stability.Simultaneously,a proof-of-concept pouch cell was also demonstrated capable of delivering an energy density up to 840 Wh kgcathode−1.The tunable sulfur redox electrochemistry invoked by the bidirectional monodispersed Mn catalytic hot spots facilitates the efficient polysulfide speciation for practical Na-S cells.
文摘BACKGROUND Macrophages play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment,displaying remarkable plasticity that allows them to either suppress or promote tumor progression.Their polarization into M1 or M2 phenotypes could have significant prognostic implications,and manipulating this polarization may offer a novel approach to controlling colorectal neoplasms.AIM To evaluate the infiltration rates of M1 and M2 macrophages in colorectal neoplasia,specifically comparing cases with and without metalloproteinase mutations.Additionally,it sought to explore potential prognostic factors as-sociated with the disease.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20241421)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2025ZNSFSC0864)the Fundamental Re search Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682025CX029).
文摘The research on materials capable of manipulating thermal conductivity continues to fuel the development of thermal controlling devices.Here,using ab initio calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation,we demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of semi-fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)can be reversibly manipulated at 300 K,and the ratio for the regulation of thermal conductivity reaches up to 11.23.Such behavior originates from the high sensitivity of thermal conductivity to magnetic ordering.Semi-fluorinated h-BN is a paramagnetic material at room temperature due to its Curie temperature of 270 K.Impressively,semi-fluorinated h-BN can be modulated into a ferromagnetic system by adding an external magnetic field of 11.15 T,resulting in greatly and reversibly tunable thermal conductivity at room temperature.Furthermore,in-depth analyses of phonon properties show that compared with the paramagnetic phase,both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semi-fluorinated h-BN significantly reduce phonon scattering and anharmonicity,thereby enhancing thermal conductivity.The results qualify semi-fluorinated h-BN as a potential candidate for thermal switching applications at room temperature.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202109)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit of Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(S2021ZD03)National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding。
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands for food production.However,undue N fertilizer application and the low N use efficiency(NUE)of modern wheat varieties are aggravating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration.Under nitrogen-limiting conditions,the rice(Oryza sativa)abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor1(are1)mutant exhibits increased NUE,delayed senescence and consequently,increased grain yield.However,the function of ARE1 ortholog in wheat remains unknown.Here,we isolated and characterized three TaARE1 homoeologs from the elite Chinese winter wheat cultivar ZhengMai 7698.We then used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to generate a series of transgene-free mutant lines either with partial or triple-null taare1 alleles.All transgene-free mutant lines showed enhanced tolerance to N starvation,and showed delayed senescence and increased grain yield in field conditions.In particular,the AABBdd and aabbDD mutant lines exhibited delayed senescence and significantly increased grain yield without growth defects compared to the wild-type control.Together,our results underscore the potential to manipulate ARE1 orthologs through gene editing for breeding of high-yield wheat as well as other cereal crops with improved NUE.
