Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major concern in the world today and is a risk for children in developing countries. Trends have shown that food based interventions are the preferred long-term solution in controlling ...Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major concern in the world today and is a risk for children in developing countries. Trends have shown that food based interventions are the preferred long-term solution in controlling VAD as opposed to supplements. The orange-fleshed sweetpotato and mangoes are rich in beta-carotene, yet they are not fully utilized. A processed product from these raw materials will make use of surplus produce, promote year round utilization, increase the economic value of the crops and provide variety and convenience of uses. The roots were obtained from the field station, University of Nairobi, while the mangoes were purchased from the local market. The roots were washed, peeled and sliced. They were boiled to softness and mashed. The mangoes were washed, peeled, sliced and pureed in a blender. The two raw materials were mixed using six different formulations. Each formula was pasteurized at 80°C for 5 min in a batch pasteurizer, packaged by hot filling, cooled immediately and stored. The cooking time for the sweetpotatoes was 19.5 min. Losses of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid ranged from 17% - 21% and 18% - 28% respectively after pasteurization. The total solids increased by 3% on average. Changes due to storage of the product at 25°C could be detected by sensory analysis only after six months of storage. After storage, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid decreased by 18% and by 45% respectively. The final stored product could provide 73.7% and 64.5% of retinol equivalent for infants and 1 - 10 year-olds respectively. It could also provide 48.9% of ascorbic acid for children 1 - 10 years old, when consumed in amounts of 100 g per day.展开更多
Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export ...Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all.展开更多
Heating 'Zhihua' mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zhihua) in hot air at 38℃ for 12hours significantly reduced the development of chilling injury following storage for 12days at 2t. Prolonging the heating up t...Heating 'Zhihua' mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zhihua) in hot air at 38℃ for 12hours significantly reduced the development of chilling injury following storage for 12days at 2t. Prolonging the heating up to 72hours acquired similar results. During the 12 days' storage at 2℃ following heating for 72hours, the membrane leakage of the mango peels showed little change, while it increased with time for the control fruits, and the endogenous ABA levels in the heated fruits were higher than that in the control. These results indicated that higher ABA rates were linked with stronger chilling tolerance in mangoes.展开更多
Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at intro...Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at introducing a system to grademangoes with four classes based on their ripeness.The study was demonstrated through an extensive experimentation on a newly created dataset consisting of 981 images of Alphonsomango variety belonging to four classes viz.,under-ripen,perfectly ripen,over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.In this study,a hierarchical approach was adopted to classify the mangoes into the four classes.At each stage of classification,L*a*b color space features were extracted.For the purpose of classification at each stage,a number of classifiers and their possible combinationswere tried out.The study revealed that,the Support VectorMachine(SVM)classifier works better for classifyingmangoes into under-ripen,perfectly ripen and overripen while the thresholding classifier has a superior classification performance on over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.Further,to bring out the superiority of the hierarchical approach,a conventional single shot multi-class classification approach with SVMwas also studied.The results of the experimentation demonstrated that the hierarchical method with an accuracy of 88%outperforms the counterpart conventional single shot multi-class classification approach in addition to several existing contemporary models.展开更多
Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a v...Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a volatile constituent extracted from calendula officinalis,which has attracted attention from researchers worldwide because of its excellentantimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, studies on the antifungal mechanism ofcalendula essential oil and its active constituents against C. gloeosporioides have not beenreported. Therefore, this paper preliminarily evaluated the anti-C. gloeosporioides activity ofcalendula officinalis essential oil and its main active constituent geraniol. We found thatgeraniol induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst by modulating the expression of theNADPH oxidase subunit NoxR gene. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) increased withincreasing geraniol concentration, which demonstrated that the pro-oxidant property ofgeraniol was one of the main reasons for its inhibition of C. gloeosporioides growth.Furthermore, we found that geraniol induced apoptosis in C. gloeosporioides in adose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results provide a new reference for futureexploration of the antifungal mechanism of geraniol against C. gloeosporioides.展开更多
Mango farming significantly contributes to the economy,particularly in developing countries.However,mango trees are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi,viruses,and bacteria,and diagnosing these diseases at...Mango farming significantly contributes to the economy,particularly in developing countries.However,mango trees are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi,viruses,and bacteria,and diagnosing these diseases at an early stage is crucial to prevent their spread,which can lead to substantial losses.The development of deep learning models for detecting crop diseases is an active area of research in smart agriculture.This study focuses on mango plant diseases and employs the ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer(ViT)architectures.Two datasets were used.The first,MangoLeafBD,contains data for mango leaf diseases such as anthracnose,bacterial canker,gall midge,and powdery mildew.The second,SenMangoFruitDDS,includes data for mango fruit diseases such as Alternaria,Anthracnose,Black Mould Rot,Healthy,and Stem and Rot.Both datasets were obtained from publicly available sources.The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.87%on the MangoLeafBD dataset and 98.40%on the MangoFruitDDS dataset.The results demonstrate that ConvNeXt and ViT models can effectively diagnose mango diseases,enabling farmers to identify these conditions more efficiently.The system contributes to increased mango production and minimizes economic losses by reducing the time and effort needed for manual diagnostics.Additionally,the proposed system is integrated into a mobile application that utilizes the model as a backend to detect mango diseases instantly.展开更多
[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding o...[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.展开更多
The four treatments of spraying water the control, spraying before bagging, spraying after bagging, spraying without bagging were conducted by spraying 38% of the mixed suspension agent of imidacloprid and buprofezin,...The four treatments of spraying water the control, spraying before bagging, spraying after bagging, spraying without bagging were conducted by spraying 38% of the mixed suspension agent of imidacloprid and buprofezin, and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to test the imidacloprid and buprofezin residues on mango. The results showed that in 0.05-0.5 mg/kg adding level, the average recovery rate of imidacloprid and buprofezin was 82.6-93.8%, and 101.4-104.2%, respectively, and the relative deviation （RSD） was 1.9-4.5%, 9.3-15.6%, respectively. The minimum detectable amounts of both imidacloprid and buprofezin on mango were 0.01 mg/kg. The half-life periods of imidacloprid under the treatments of spraying before bagging, spraying after bagging and spraying without bagging were 16.74, 6.38, and 8.10 d, respectively, and the half-life periods of buprofezin under the treatments of spraying before bagging and spraying without bagging were 9.72 and 9.23 d, respectively. The residual of buprofezin was low in the treatment of spraying after bagging, and the amount detected in the 3rd day had already below the detectable limit. Bagging treatment reduced the digestion rate of 2 kinds of pesticides in mango, and imidacloprid had strong systemic in mango.展开更多
Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i>...Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dorsalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correcta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are the major pests. Mango is a kind of native fruit which can grow well as natural vegetation throughout the entire country under the various climatic conditions. We aimed to point out overuse of insecticide application in agricultural sector of Myanmar and further criteria of effective fruit fly control techniques were also proposed for worldwide ecosystem. Traditional fruit fly control is primarily focused on the uncoordinated use of insecticide applications which is orchard-by-orchard strategy. However, in view of flying distance, this localized strategy is not successful and harms the ecosystem. Occasionally, fruit bagging technique was applied by some farmers. In Myanmar’s agricultural sector, numerous varieties of cheap insecticides which mostly imported from China were plentiful. While conventional insecticide application controls were implemented annually, the population of fruit flies increased year after year, particularly in tropical region. The requirement of technical-scientific research reduced the worldwide fruit fly records. Furthermore, traditional insecticide application approach inhibits the yield and quality of mangoes that have adversely affected international trade. Importantly, in long term period of the entire previous decade, the conventional insecticide application controls make more fruit fly infestation.</span>展开更多
文摘Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major concern in the world today and is a risk for children in developing countries. Trends have shown that food based interventions are the preferred long-term solution in controlling VAD as opposed to supplements. The orange-fleshed sweetpotato and mangoes are rich in beta-carotene, yet they are not fully utilized. A processed product from these raw materials will make use of surplus produce, promote year round utilization, increase the economic value of the crops and provide variety and convenience of uses. The roots were obtained from the field station, University of Nairobi, while the mangoes were purchased from the local market. The roots were washed, peeled and sliced. They were boiled to softness and mashed. The mangoes were washed, peeled, sliced and pureed in a blender. The two raw materials were mixed using six different formulations. Each formula was pasteurized at 80°C for 5 min in a batch pasteurizer, packaged by hot filling, cooled immediately and stored. The cooking time for the sweetpotatoes was 19.5 min. Losses of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid ranged from 17% - 21% and 18% - 28% respectively after pasteurization. The total solids increased by 3% on average. Changes due to storage of the product at 25°C could be detected by sensory analysis only after six months of storage. After storage, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid decreased by 18% and by 45% respectively. The final stored product could provide 73.7% and 64.5% of retinol equivalent for infants and 1 - 10 year-olds respectively. It could also provide 48.9% of ascorbic acid for children 1 - 10 years old, when consumed in amounts of 100 g per day.
文摘Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all.
基金supported by the China National Natural Sciences Foundation(39770533).
文摘Heating 'Zhihua' mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zhihua) in hot air at 38℃ for 12hours significantly reduced the development of chilling injury following storage for 12days at 2t. Prolonging the heating up to 72hours acquired similar results. During the 12 days' storage at 2℃ following heating for 72hours, the membrane leakage of the mango peels showed little change, while it increased with time for the control fruits, and the endogenous ABA levels in the heated fruits were higher than that in the control. These results indicated that higher ABA rates were linked with stronger chilling tolerance in mangoes.
文摘Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at introducing a system to grademangoes with four classes based on their ripeness.The study was demonstrated through an extensive experimentation on a newly created dataset consisting of 981 images of Alphonsomango variety belonging to four classes viz.,under-ripen,perfectly ripen,over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.In this study,a hierarchical approach was adopted to classify the mangoes into the four classes.At each stage of classification,L*a*b color space features were extracted.For the purpose of classification at each stage,a number of classifiers and their possible combinationswere tried out.The study revealed that,the Support VectorMachine(SVM)classifier works better for classifyingmangoes into under-ripen,perfectly ripen and overripen while the thresholding classifier has a superior classification performance on over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.Further,to bring out the superiority of the hierarchical approach,a conventional single shot multi-class classification approach with SVMwas also studied.The results of the experimentation demonstrated that the hierarchical method with an accuracy of 88%outperforms the counterpart conventional single shot multi-class classification approach in addition to several existing contemporary models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202192)The special fund for Taishan Scholars project(tsqn202211195).
文摘Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of themain causes of mango rotting and deterioration, so it is important to control anthracnose.The calendula essential oil is a volatile constituent extracted from calendula officinalis,which has attracted attention from researchers worldwide because of its excellentantimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, studies on the antifungal mechanism ofcalendula essential oil and its active constituents against C. gloeosporioides have not beenreported. Therefore, this paper preliminarily evaluated the anti-C. gloeosporioides activity ofcalendula officinalis essential oil and its main active constituent geraniol. We found thatgeraniol induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst by modulating the expression of theNADPH oxidase subunit NoxR gene. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) increased withincreasing geraniol concentration, which demonstrated that the pro-oxidant property ofgeraniol was one of the main reasons for its inhibition of C. gloeosporioides growth.Furthermore, we found that geraniol induced apoptosis in C. gloeosporioides in adose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results provide a new reference for futureexploration of the antifungal mechanism of geraniol against C. gloeosporioides.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University and Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R346)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Mango farming significantly contributes to the economy,particularly in developing countries.However,mango trees are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi,viruses,and bacteria,and diagnosing these diseases at an early stage is crucial to prevent their spread,which can lead to substantial losses.The development of deep learning models for detecting crop diseases is an active area of research in smart agriculture.This study focuses on mango plant diseases and employs the ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer(ViT)architectures.Two datasets were used.The first,MangoLeafBD,contains data for mango leaf diseases such as anthracnose,bacterial canker,gall midge,and powdery mildew.The second,SenMangoFruitDDS,includes data for mango fruit diseases such as Alternaria,Anthracnose,Black Mould Rot,Healthy,and Stem and Rot.Both datasets were obtained from publicly available sources.The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.87%on the MangoLeafBD dataset and 98.40%on the MangoFruitDDS dataset.The results demonstrate that ConvNeXt and ViT models can effectively diagnose mango diseases,enabling farmers to identify these conditions more efficiently.The system contributes to increased mango production and minimizes economic losses by reducing the time and effort needed for manual diagnostics.Additionally,the proposed system is integrated into a mobile application that utilizes the model as a backend to detect mango diseases instantly.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(34128)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032013031)~~
文摘[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest(201203092-4-2)~~
文摘The four treatments of spraying water the control, spraying before bagging, spraying after bagging, spraying without bagging were conducted by spraying 38% of the mixed suspension agent of imidacloprid and buprofezin, and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to test the imidacloprid and buprofezin residues on mango. The results showed that in 0.05-0.5 mg/kg adding level, the average recovery rate of imidacloprid and buprofezin was 82.6-93.8%, and 101.4-104.2%, respectively, and the relative deviation （RSD） was 1.9-4.5%, 9.3-15.6%, respectively. The minimum detectable amounts of both imidacloprid and buprofezin on mango were 0.01 mg/kg. The half-life periods of imidacloprid under the treatments of spraying before bagging, spraying after bagging and spraying without bagging were 16.74, 6.38, and 8.10 d, respectively, and the half-life periods of buprofezin under the treatments of spraying before bagging and spraying without bagging were 9.72 and 9.23 d, respectively. The residual of buprofezin was low in the treatment of spraying after bagging, and the amount detected in the 3rd day had already below the detectable limit. Bagging treatment reduced the digestion rate of 2 kinds of pesticides in mango, and imidacloprid had strong systemic in mango.
文摘Mango is one of the largest commercial fruit<span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Myanmar and the fruit fly, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dorsalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correcta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are the major pests. Mango is a kind of native fruit which can grow well as natural vegetation throughout the entire country under the various climatic conditions. We aimed to point out overuse of insecticide application in agricultural sector of Myanmar and further criteria of effective fruit fly control techniques were also proposed for worldwide ecosystem. Traditional fruit fly control is primarily focused on the uncoordinated use of insecticide applications which is orchard-by-orchard strategy. However, in view of flying distance, this localized strategy is not successful and harms the ecosystem. Occasionally, fruit bagging technique was applied by some farmers. In Myanmar’s agricultural sector, numerous varieties of cheap insecticides which mostly imported from China were plentiful. While conventional insecticide application controls were implemented annually, the population of fruit flies increased year after year, particularly in tropical region. The requirement of technical-scientific research reduced the worldwide fruit fly records. Furthermore, traditional insecticide application approach inhibits the yield and quality of mangoes that have adversely affected international trade. Importantly, in long term period of the entire previous decade, the conventional insecticide application controls make more fruit fly infestation.</span>
