Antibiotic micro-pollution is usually found at the ng/L–level in drinking water sources or discharge water of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel approach mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria(Mn O...Antibiotic micro-pollution is usually found at the ng/L–level in drinking water sources or discharge water of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel approach mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria(Mn OB) in a biofilter was developed to control the pollution. The results indicated that the biogenic manganese oxide(Mn O x) produced during the oxidation of the feeding manganese ions could coat the surface of the filtering sand effecting the simultaneous removal of antibiotics. It was found that the removal of antibiotics is insured as long as the feeding manganese was well removed and was not influenced by the hydraulic loading. The growth rate of the Mn OB group revealed that the antibiotic concentration at 50 and 100 ng/L promoted their activity, but it was inhibited at 500 and 1000 ng/L. The structure of the bacterial community was stable in the presence of antibiotics(50 ng/L), but their extracellular processes changed. The removal performance of the feeding manganese seemed to relate to the extracellular processes of the dominant bacterial genus. Moreover, the freshly formed Mn O x was a buserite-like material that was rich in Mn(III) and Mn(IV)(94.1%), favoring the degradation. The biofilter did not generate additional antibiotic resistant genes in the presence of antibiotics.展开更多
Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(...Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).With a maximal EDA conversion of 82%and EU selectivity of 99%at 160℃ for 2 h,Mn_(2)O_(3) catalysts had the best catalytic activity among them,which was superior to the reported catalysts.In the following order:Mn_(2)O_(3)>MnO_(2)>Mn_(3)O_(4),the catalytic activity for the synthesis of EU from CO_(2) and EDA decreased.Further characterization showed the Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst possessed a greater Mn^(3+)/Mn4+ratio and more surface oxygen vacancies than the MnO_(2) and Mn_(3)O_(4),which improved its capacity to adsorb and activate CO_(2) and EDA.After four recycling runs,the EDA conversion slightly declined from 82%to 56%on Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst,while no obvious change in EU selectivity was observed.The loss of surface Ov contents and Mn^(3+)proportion were concluded as main reasons for the decrease in catalytic activity over Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst.This work demonstrated a metal oxide catalyst that was efficient in producing EU from CO_(2) and EDA.展开更多
By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox ...By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.展开更多
Water scarcity,driven by climate change and population growth,necessitates innovative desalination technologies.Conventional methods for brackish water desalination are limited by high-energy demands,especially in the...Water scarcity,driven by climate change and population growth,necessitates innovative desalination technologies.Conventional methods for brackish water desalination are limited by high-energy demands,especially in the low salinity range,prompting the exploration of electrochemical approaches like faradaic deionization.Sodium-manganese oxides,traditionally used in sodium-ion batteries,show promise as faradaic deionization electrode materials due to their abundance,low toxicity,and cost-effectiveness.However,capacity fading during cycling,often caused by structural changes,volume expansion,or chemical transformations,remains a critical challenge.This study investigates the impact of morphology and crystal structure on the electrochemical performance of commercial and synthesized sodium-manganese oxides for faradaic deionization applications.Structural and electrochemical characterization in three-electrode cells with low-concentration electrolytes provided insights into the charge storage mechanisms.Rocking-chair full flow cell experiments demonstrated that the mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide exhibited superior desalination performance,achieving a high salt removal capacity of 54.5 mg g^(−1)and a mean value in the salt removal rate of 1.49 mg g^(−1)min^(-1).Notably,mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide maintained 98%capacity retention over 870 cycles,one of the longest reported cycling experiments in this field,effectively mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect.These findings highlight the crucial role of sodium-manganese oxide structure and morphology in electrochemical performance,positioning mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide as a strong candidate for sustainable water treatment technologies.展开更多
Spinel lithium manganese oxide(LiMn_(2)O_(4), LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical per...Spinel lithium manganese oxide(LiMn_(2)O_(4), LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical performance. However,LMO suffers from rapid capacity degradation caused by the Jahn–Teller effect, Mn dissolution and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed.The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle-aged cells at room temperature(RT, 25℃) and high temperature(HT,55℃) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate specific capacity losses of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity losses observed in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While RT cycle-aging and HT storage conditions do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful.This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte,promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries.展开更多
Manganese oxide ores from Gabon and Xiangxi were leached with waste tea as reductant in dilute sulfuric acid solution. The effects of waste tea dosage, concentration of sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching t...Manganese oxide ores from Gabon and Xiangxi were leached with waste tea as reductant in dilute sulfuric acid solution. The effects of waste tea dosage, concentration of sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching temperature and reaction time on leaching process were explored. The leaching efficiency of Gabonese manganese oxide ore reached almost 100% under the optimal condition which was determined as follows： manganese oxide ore to waste tea mass ratio of 10：1, sulfuric acid concentration of 2.5 molFL, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7.5：1, leaching temperature of 368 K, time of 8 h. The leaching efficiency of Xiangxi manganese oxide ore reached 99.8% under the optimal condition which was determined as follows： manganese oxide ore to waste tea mass ratio of 10：1, sulfuric acid concentration of 1.7 mol/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7.5：1, leaching temperature of 368 K, time of 8 h. The leaching process followed the internal diffusion controlled kinetic model, and the apparent activation energies of Gabonese manganese oxide ore and Xiangxi manganese oxide ore were calculated to be 38.2 kJ/mol and 20.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The morphological changes and mineralogical forms of the ore before and after the chemical treatment were discussed with the support of XRD analysis and SEM analysis.展开更多
The extraction of manganese from low-grade manganese oxide ores using Ca S derived from Ca SO4 as reductant was investigated. The effects of mass ratio of Ca S to ore, reduction temperature, reduction time, liquid to ...The extraction of manganese from low-grade manganese oxide ores using Ca S derived from Ca SO4 as reductant was investigated. The effects of mass ratio of Ca S to ore, reduction temperature, reduction time, liquid to solid ratio（L/S ratio）, stirring speed, leaching temperature, leaching time and H2SO4 concentration on the leaching rates of Mn and Fe during the reduction–acid leaching process were discussed. The leaching rates of 96.47% for Mn and 19.24% for Fe were obtained under the optimized conditions of mass ratio of Ca S to manganese oxide ore 1：6.7, L/S ratio 5：1, stirring speed 300 r/min, reduction temperature of 95 °C for 2.0 h in the reduction process and leaching stirring speed of 200 r/min, H2SO4 concentration of 1.5 mol/L, leaching temperature of 80 °C for 5 min in the leaching process. In addition, this process can be employed in the recovery of manganese from various manganese oxide ores, and Mn leaching rate above 95% is obtained.展开更多
A series of copper manganese oxides were prepared using a selective etching technique with various amounts of ammonia added during the co-precipitation process. The effect of the ammonia etching on the structure and c...A series of copper manganese oxides were prepared using a selective etching technique with various amounts of ammonia added during the co-precipitation process. The effect of the ammonia etching on the structure and catalytic properties of the copper manganese oxides was investigated using elemental analysis, nitrogen physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduc- tion, and Oz temperature-programmed desorption combined with catalytic oxidation of CO. It was found that ammonia can selectively remove copper species from the copper manganese oxides, which correspondingly generates more defects in these oxides. An oxygen spillover from the man- ganese to the copper species was observed by H2 temperature-programmed desorption, indicating that ammonia etching enhanced the mobility of lattice oxygen species in these oxides. The Oz tem- perature-programmed desorption measurements further revealed that ammonia etching improved the ability of these oxides to release lattice oxygen. The improvement in redox properties of the copper manganese oxides following ammonia etching was associated with enhanced catalytic performance for CO oxidation.展开更多
Manganese oxide hollow spheres were prepared by a novel and facile approach using pH- responsive microgels as templates. The final products were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetri...Manganese oxide hollow spheres were prepared by a novel and facile approach using pH- responsive microgels as templates. The final products were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that the shell thickness of manganese oxide hollow spheres increased with the dosage of KMnO4, which implies that a controllable and feasible strategy for manganese oxide hollow spheres prepa- ration has been established. Further studies on the microgels template showed some of them had an irreversible swelling/deswelling transition due to the uneven cross-link extent. Based on the results, a probable formation mechanism for the hollow spheres was proposed.展开更多
Solid-state lithium(Li)batteries are hailed as the nextgeneration energy storage technology,garnering significant attention for their potential high energy density and safety.Particularly when using Li-rich manganese ...Solid-state lithium(Li)batteries are hailed as the nextgeneration energy storage technology,garnering significant attention for their potential high energy density and safety.Particularly when using Li-rich manganese layered oxide(LRMO)as cathodes(theoretical capacity exceeding250 mAh/g),energy densities over 600 Wh/kg can be theoretically achieved[1,2].展开更多
For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the lit...For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the literatures. It is seen from this figure that flue-gas desulfurization by manganese oxides is feasible from the thermodynamic point of view. Additionally, the most appropriate temperature range for flue-gas desulfurization is between 600 and 800 K, and the reaction is strongly exothermic to maintain the heat balance. The natural manganese ores encompass large tunnels that exhibit large surface areas and highly chemical activity, which can provide a high enough SO2 removing efficiency. From the superposition of the diagrams of Mn-S-O and Fe-S-O systems, it is found that there is a coexistent stability region of MnSO4 and Fe2O3, which provides the possibility of desulfurization by selective sulfation without ferric sulfate forming. A multi-stage desulfurization system has been discussed briefly.展开更多
The effects of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of manganese oxide catalysts prepared by a precipitation method were assessed by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray photoelectron ...The effects of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of manganese oxide catalysts prepared by a precipitation method were assessed by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,O2 temperature-programmed desorption,and thermogravimetry-differential analysis.The catalytic performance of each of these materials during the selective oxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen in a solvent-free system was subsequently examined.It was found that the MnOx-500 catalyst,calcined at 500 °C,consisted of a Mn2O3 phase in addition to Mn5O8 and Mn3O4 phases and possessed a low surface area.Unlike MnOx-500,the MnOx-400 catalyst prepared at 400 °C was composed solely of Mn3O4 and Mn5O8 and had a higher surface area.The pronounced catalytic activity of this latter material for the oxidation of cyclohexene was determined to result from numerous factors,including a higher concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen,greater quantities of the surface Mn4＋ ions that promote oxygen mobility and the extent of O2 adsorption and reducibility on the catalyst.The effects of various reaction conditions on the activity of the MnOx-400 during the oxidation of cyclohexane were also evaluated,such as the reaction temperature,reaction time,and initial oxygen pressure.Following a 4 h reaction at an initial O2 pressure of 0.5 MPa and 140 °C,an 8.0% cyclohexane conversion and 5.0% yield of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were achieved over the MnOx-400 catalyst.In contrast,employing MnOx-500 resulted in a 6.1% conversion of cyclohexane and 75% selectivity for cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.After being recycled through 10 replicate uses,the catalytic activity of the MnOx-400 catalyst was unchanged,demonstrating its good stability.展开更多
The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were...The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of the powder X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after doping little amount of Ce in copper manganese oxide, CeO2 phase was highly dispersed and could prevent sintering and aggregating of the catalyst, the size of the catalytic material was decreased, the reducibility was enhanced, the specific surface area was increased and the formation of the active sites for the oxidation of CO was improved significantly. Therefore, the activity of the rare earth promoted catalyst was enhanced remarkably.展开更多
Manganese oxides are known as one type of semiconductors,but their photocatalysis characteristics have not been deeply explored.In this study,photocatalytic degradation of phenol using several synthesized manganese ox...Manganese oxides are known as one type of semiconductors,but their photocatalysis characteristics have not been deeply explored.In this study,photocatalytic degradation of phenol using several synthesized manganese oxides,i.e,acidic birnessite （BIR-H）,alkaline birnessite （BIR-OH）,cryptomelane （CRY） and todorokite （TOD）,were comparatively investigated.To elucidate phenol degradation mechanisms,X-ray diffraction （XRD）,ICP-AES （inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy）,TEM （transmission electronic microscope）,N 2 physisorption at 77 K and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS） were employed to characterize the structural,compositional,morphological,specific surface area and optical absorption properties of the manganese oxides.After 12 hr of UV-Vis irradiation,the total organic carbon （TOC） removal rate reached 62.1%,43.1%,25.4%,and 22.5% for cryptomelane,acidic birnessite,todorokite and alkaline birnessite,respectively.Compared to the reactions in the dark condition,UV- Vis exposure improved the TOC removal rates by 55.8%,31.9%,23.4% and 17.9%.This suggests a weak ability of manganese oxides to degrade phenol in the dark condition,while UV-Vis light irradiation could significantly enhance phenol degradation.The manganese minerals exhibited photocatalytic activities in the order of：CRY BIR-H TOD BIR-OH.There may be three possible mechanisms for photochemical degradation：（1） direct photolysis of phenol;（2） direct oxidation of phenol by manganese oxides;（3） photocatalytic oxidation of phenol by manganese oxides.Photocatalytic oxidation of phenol appeared to be the dominant mechanism.展开更多
The adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ)on the manganese oxide coated zeolite(MOCZ)from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column.The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed height,flow rate,pa...The adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ)on the manganese oxide coated zeolite(MOCZ)from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column.The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed height,flow rate,particle size,initial concentration of uranium(Ⅵ),initial pH,presence of salt and competitive ions.The U-uptake by MOCZ increased with initial uranium(Ⅵ)concentration and bed height,but decreased as the flow rate and particle size increased.In the presence of salt and competitive ions,the breakthrough time was shorter.The adsorption capacity reached a maximum at pH of 6.3.The Thomas model was applied to the experimental data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column for process design using linear regression.The breakthrough curves calculated from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data.The BDST model was used to study the influence of bed height on the adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ).Desorption of uranium(Ⅵ)in the MOCZ column was investigated.The column could be used for at least four adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.1mol.L-1 NaHCO3 solution as the elution.After desorption and regeneration with deionized water,MOCZ could be reused to adsorb uranium(Ⅵ)at a comparable capacity.Compared to raw zeolite,MOCZ showed better capacity for uranium(Ⅵ)removal.展开更多
The reduction process of manganese dioxide in low-grade manganese ore by biomass roasting was investigated.The calcine of manganese oxide ore was further leached by sulphuric acid, the manganese in ore can be converte...The reduction process of manganese dioxide in low-grade manganese ore by biomass roasting was investigated.The calcine of manganese oxide ore was further leached by sulphuric acid, the manganese in ore can be converted into manganese sulfate.Effects of the mass ratio of manganese ore to sawdust, roasting temperature and time, leaching temperature and time, leaching agent concentration and liquid-solid ratio were studied.97.71% of manganese recovery can be achieved under the optimal conditions：the mass ratio of manganese ore to sawdust of 5：1, roasting temperature at 500℃ for 40 min, leaching temperature at 60℃ for 40 min, sulphuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L and liquid-solid ratio of 10：1.Other types of low-grade manganese ore like Guilin ore, Nanning ore and Gongcheng ore were tested and the same results were obtained.展开更多
Two types of filter media in groundwater treatment were conducted for a comparative study of surface structure and catalytic performance. Natural filter media was adopted from a conventional aeration–filtration groun...Two types of filter media in groundwater treatment were conducted for a comparative study of surface structure and catalytic performance. Natural filter media was adopted from a conventional aeration–filtration groundwater treatment plant, and active filter media as a novel and promising filter media was also adopted. The physicochemical properties of these two kinds of filter media were characterized using numerous analytical techniques,such as X-Ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray（EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and Zeta potential. The catalytic activities of these filter media were evaluated for ammonium and manganese oxidation.XRD data showed that both active filter media and natural filter media belonged to birnessite family. A new manganese dioxide（Mn O2） phase（PDF#72-1982） was found in the structure of natural filter media. The SEM micrograph of natural filter media showed honeycomb structures and the active filter media presented plate structures and consisted of stacked particle. These natural filter media presented lower level of some trace elements such as calcium and magnesium, lower degree of crystallinity, lower Mn（III） content and lattice oxygen content than that of active filter media, which were associated with its poor ammonium and manganese catalytic activities. In addition, some γ-Fe2 O3 and Mn CO3 were found in the coating which may hinder the ammonium and manganese catalytic oxidation. This study provides a thorough and comprehensive understanding about the most commonly used filter media in water treatment, which can provide a theoretical guide to practical applications.展开更多
An environmentally friendly and resource-conserving route to the clean production of electrolytic manganese was developed,in which the electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was initially calcined for cement buffering;the...An environmentally friendly and resource-conserving route to the clean production of electrolytic manganese was developed,in which the electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was initially calcined for cement buffering;then the generated SO2-containing flue gas was managed using manganese oxide ore and anolyte(MOOA)desulfurization;at last,the desulfurized slurry was introduced to the electrolytic manganese production(EMP).Results showed that 4.0 wt%coke addition reduced the sulfur of calcined EMR to 0.9%,thereby satisfying the cement-buffer requirement.Pilot-scale desulfurization showed that about 7.5 vol%of high SO2 containing flue gas can be cleaned to less than 0.1 vol%through a five-stage countercurrent MOOA desulfurization.The desulfurized slurry had 42.44 g·L-Mn2+and 1.92 g·L-1 S2 O62-,which was suitable for electrowinning after purification,and the purity of manganese product was 99.93%,satisfy the National Standard of China YB/T051-2015.This new integrated technology fulfilled 99.7%of sulfur reutilization from the EMR and 94.1%was effectively used to the EMP.The MOOA desulfurization linked the EMP a closed cycle without any pollutant discharge,which promoted the cleaner production of EMP industry.展开更多
Ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 (meso‐Mn2O3) and meso‐Mn2O3‐supported Pd, Pt, and Pd‐Pt alloy x(PdyPt)/meso‐Mn2O3; x = (0.10?1.50) wt%; Pd/Pt molar ratio (y) = 4.9?5.1 nanocatalysts were prepared using KIT‐6‐templated...Ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 (meso‐Mn2O3) and meso‐Mn2O3‐supported Pd, Pt, and Pd‐Pt alloy x(PdyPt)/meso‐Mn2O3; x = (0.10?1.50) wt%; Pd/Pt molar ratio (y) = 4.9?5.1 nanocatalysts were prepared using KIT‐6‐templated and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐protected reduction methods, respectively.The meso‐Mn2O3 had a high surface area, i.e., 106 m2/g, and a cubic crystal structure. Noble‐metalnanoparticles (NPs) of size 2.1?2.8 nm were uniformly dispersed on the meso‐Mn2O3 surfaces. AlloyingPd with Pt enhanced the catalytic activity in methane combustion; 1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3gave the best performance; T10%, T50%, and T90% (the temperatures required for achieving methaneconversions of 10%, 50%, and 90%) were 265, 345, and 425 °C, respectively, at a space velocity of20000 mL/(g?h). The effects of SO2, CO2, H2O, and NO on methane combustion over1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 were also examined. We conclude that the good catalytic performance of1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 is associated with its high‐quality porous structure, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good low‐temperature reducibility, and strong interactions between Pd‐Pt alloy NPs and the meso‐Mn2O3 support.展开更多
Various manganese oxides(MnOx) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing pro...Various manganese oxides(MnOx) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnOx, e.g., BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1(C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T(90)(the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212 ℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn2O3 with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn^4+/Mn^3+, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules(such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO2 and H2O.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0403404)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2016EEQ30)。
文摘Antibiotic micro-pollution is usually found at the ng/L–level in drinking water sources or discharge water of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel approach mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria(Mn OB) in a biofilter was developed to control the pollution. The results indicated that the biogenic manganese oxide(Mn O x) produced during the oxidation of the feeding manganese ions could coat the surface of the filtering sand effecting the simultaneous removal of antibiotics. It was found that the removal of antibiotics is insured as long as the feeding manganese was well removed and was not influenced by the hydraulic loading. The growth rate of the Mn OB group revealed that the antibiotic concentration at 50 and 100 ng/L promoted their activity, but it was inhibited at 500 and 1000 ng/L. The structure of the bacterial community was stable in the presence of antibiotics(50 ng/L), but their extracellular processes changed. The removal performance of the feeding manganese seemed to relate to the extracellular processes of the dominant bacterial genus. Moreover, the freshly formed Mn O x was a buserite-like material that was rich in Mn(III) and Mn(IV)(94.1%), favoring the degradation. The biofilter did not generate additional antibiotic resistant genes in the presence of antibiotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278041)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(No.2022-K78)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering(No.KF2107)the Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collab-orative Innovation Center(No.ACGM2022-10-07)。
文摘Herein,a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences(Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(2)O_(3),and MnO_(2))were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea(EU)from ethylenediamine(EDA)and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).With a maximal EDA conversion of 82%and EU selectivity of 99%at 160℃ for 2 h,Mn_(2)O_(3) catalysts had the best catalytic activity among them,which was superior to the reported catalysts.In the following order:Mn_(2)O_(3)>MnO_(2)>Mn_(3)O_(4),the catalytic activity for the synthesis of EU from CO_(2) and EDA decreased.Further characterization showed the Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst possessed a greater Mn^(3+)/Mn4+ratio and more surface oxygen vacancies than the MnO_(2) and Mn_(3)O_(4),which improved its capacity to adsorb and activate CO_(2) and EDA.After four recycling runs,the EDA conversion slightly declined from 82%to 56%on Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst,while no obvious change in EU selectivity was observed.The loss of surface Ov contents and Mn^(3+)proportion were concluded as main reasons for the decrease in catalytic activity over Mn_(2)O_(3) catalyst.This work demonstrated a metal oxide catalyst that was efficient in producing EU from CO_(2) and EDA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900005)the Fund of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(242102231001,242102320362,242102320157)+1 种基金the Fund of Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(23IRTSTHN009)Fund of Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(22A150048)。
文摘By enhancing surface interaction between metal oxide particles and carbon-based materials,it can effectively improve Faraday capacitance and conductivity,ultimately achieving high energy density with sufficient redox reactions in supercapacitors.Through a gentle biomineralization process and subsequent thermal reduction strategy,we successfully prepared the graphene oxide(GO)wrapping mixed-valence manganese oxides(MnO_(x))and S,P self-codoped carbon matrix porous composite(MnO_(x)@SPC@reduced graphene oxide(RGO)).During the biomineralization process of engineered Pseudomonas sp.(Ml)cells,GO nanosheets functioned as the'soil'to adsorb Mn^(2+)ion and uniformly disperse biogenic Mn oxides(BMO).After undergoing annealing,the MnO_(x) nanoparticles were evenly wrapped with graphene,resulting in the creation of the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 composite.This composite possesses strong C—O—Mn bond interfaces,numerous electroactive sites,and a uniform pore structure.By optimizing the synergistic interaction between the highly conductive graphene and the remarkable surface capacitance of MnO_(x),the MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3 electrode,with its intercalation Faraday reactions mechanism of■transformations,exhibits an outstanding specific capacity(448.3 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)),multiplying performance(340.5 F·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1)),and cycling stability(93.8%retention after 5000 cycles).Moreover,the asymmetric all-solidstate supercapacitors of MnO_(x)@SPC@RGO3//PC exhibit an exceptional energy density of 64.8 W·h·kg^(-1)and power density of 350 W·kg^(-1),as well as a long lifespan with capacitance retention of 92.5%after10000 cycles.In conclusion,the synthetic route utilizing biomineralization and thermal reduction exhibits significant potential for exploiting high-performance electrode materials in all-solid-state supercapacitor applications.
基金supported by the SELECTVALUE project(2020-T1/AMB-19799,PI:J.J.L.)from the Community of Madrid,funded through the Talent Attraction Programfinancial support of the project RED2022-134552-T funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033financial support from“Comunidad de Madrid”to the project ADEMOSSBat(2022-T1/IND-23776)。
文摘Water scarcity,driven by climate change and population growth,necessitates innovative desalination technologies.Conventional methods for brackish water desalination are limited by high-energy demands,especially in the low salinity range,prompting the exploration of electrochemical approaches like faradaic deionization.Sodium-manganese oxides,traditionally used in sodium-ion batteries,show promise as faradaic deionization electrode materials due to their abundance,low toxicity,and cost-effectiveness.However,capacity fading during cycling,often caused by structural changes,volume expansion,or chemical transformations,remains a critical challenge.This study investigates the impact of morphology and crystal structure on the electrochemical performance of commercial and synthesized sodium-manganese oxides for faradaic deionization applications.Structural and electrochemical characterization in three-electrode cells with low-concentration electrolytes provided insights into the charge storage mechanisms.Rocking-chair full flow cell experiments demonstrated that the mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide exhibited superior desalination performance,achieving a high salt removal capacity of 54.5 mg g^(−1)and a mean value in the salt removal rate of 1.49 mg g^(−1)min^(-1).Notably,mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide maintained 98%capacity retention over 870 cycles,one of the longest reported cycling experiments in this field,effectively mitigating the Jahn-Teller effect.These findings highlight the crucial role of sodium-manganese oxide structure and morphology in electrochemical performance,positioning mixed-phase sodium-manganese oxide as a strong candidate for sustainable water treatment technologies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52074036 and 52404313)the Beijing Institute of Technology Teli Young Fellow Program。
文摘Spinel lithium manganese oxide(LiMn_(2)O_(4), LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical performance. However,LMO suffers from rapid capacity degradation caused by the Jahn–Teller effect, Mn dissolution and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed.The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle-aged cells at room temperature(RT, 25℃) and high temperature(HT,55℃) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate specific capacity losses of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity losses observed in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While RT cycle-aging and HT storage conditions do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful.This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte,promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries.
基金Project(2010FJ1011)supported by the Major Project of Hunan Science and Technology,ChinaProject(cstc2012ggB90002)supported by the Chongqing Key Science and Technology Program,China
文摘Manganese oxide ores from Gabon and Xiangxi were leached with waste tea as reductant in dilute sulfuric acid solution. The effects of waste tea dosage, concentration of sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching temperature and reaction time on leaching process were explored. The leaching efficiency of Gabonese manganese oxide ore reached almost 100% under the optimal condition which was determined as follows： manganese oxide ore to waste tea mass ratio of 10：1, sulfuric acid concentration of 2.5 molFL, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7.5：1, leaching temperature of 368 K, time of 8 h. The leaching efficiency of Xiangxi manganese oxide ore reached 99.8% under the optimal condition which was determined as follows： manganese oxide ore to waste tea mass ratio of 10：1, sulfuric acid concentration of 1.7 mol/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7.5：1, leaching temperature of 368 K, time of 8 h. The leaching process followed the internal diffusion controlled kinetic model, and the apparent activation energies of Gabonese manganese oxide ore and Xiangxi manganese oxide ore were calculated to be 38.2 kJ/mol and 20.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The morphological changes and mineralogical forms of the ore before and after the chemical treatment were discussed with the support of XRD analysis and SEM analysis.
基金Project(21376273)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010FJ1011)supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,China
文摘The extraction of manganese from low-grade manganese oxide ores using Ca S derived from Ca SO4 as reductant was investigated. The effects of mass ratio of Ca S to ore, reduction temperature, reduction time, liquid to solid ratio（L/S ratio）, stirring speed, leaching temperature, leaching time and H2SO4 concentration on the leaching rates of Mn and Fe during the reduction–acid leaching process were discussed. The leaching rates of 96.47% for Mn and 19.24% for Fe were obtained under the optimized conditions of mass ratio of Ca S to manganese oxide ore 1：6.7, L/S ratio 5：1, stirring speed 300 r/min, reduction temperature of 95 °C for 2.0 h in the reduction process and leaching stirring speed of 200 r/min, H2SO4 concentration of 1.5 mol/L, leaching temperature of 80 °C for 5 min in the leaching process. In addition, this process can be employed in the recovery of manganese from various manganese oxide ores, and Mn leaching rate above 95% is obtained.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2013CB934104)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M560202)~~
文摘A series of copper manganese oxides were prepared using a selective etching technique with various amounts of ammonia added during the co-precipitation process. The effect of the ammonia etching on the structure and catalytic properties of the copper manganese oxides was investigated using elemental analysis, nitrogen physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduc- tion, and Oz temperature-programmed desorption combined with catalytic oxidation of CO. It was found that ammonia can selectively remove copper species from the copper manganese oxides, which correspondingly generates more defects in these oxides. An oxygen spillover from the man- ganese to the copper species was observed by H2 temperature-programmed desorption, indicating that ammonia etching enhanced the mobility of lattice oxygen species in these oxides. The Oz tem- perature-programmed desorption measurements further revealed that ammonia etching improved the ability of these oxides to release lattice oxygen. The improvement in redox properties of the copper manganese oxides following ammonia etching was associated with enhanced catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
文摘Manganese oxide hollow spheres were prepared by a novel and facile approach using pH- responsive microgels as templates. The final products were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that the shell thickness of manganese oxide hollow spheres increased with the dosage of KMnO4, which implies that a controllable and feasible strategy for manganese oxide hollow spheres prepa- ration has been established. Further studies on the microgels template showed some of them had an irreversible swelling/deswelling transition due to the uneven cross-link extent. Based on the results, a probable formation mechanism for the hollow spheres was proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22479021).
文摘Solid-state lithium(Li)batteries are hailed as the nextgeneration energy storage technology,garnering significant attention for their potential high energy density and safety.Particularly when using Li-rich manganese layered oxide(LRMO)as cathodes(theoretical capacity exceeding250 mAh/g),energy densities over 600 Wh/kg can be theoretically achieved[1,2].
基金Project(51344006)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘For the purpose of effective and economic desulfurization of flue-gas, the predominance area diagram of the Mn-S-O system at different temperatures was constructed based on the thermodynamic data obtained from the literatures. It is seen from this figure that flue-gas desulfurization by manganese oxides is feasible from the thermodynamic point of view. Additionally, the most appropriate temperature range for flue-gas desulfurization is between 600 and 800 K, and the reaction is strongly exothermic to maintain the heat balance. The natural manganese ores encompass large tunnels that exhibit large surface areas and highly chemical activity, which can provide a high enough SO2 removing efficiency. From the superposition of the diagrams of Mn-S-O and Fe-S-O systems, it is found that there is a coexistent stability region of MnSO4 and Fe2O3, which provides the possibility of desulfurization by selective sulfation without ferric sulfate forming. A multi-stage desulfurization system has been discussed briefly.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB732300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21103048)~~
文摘The effects of calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of manganese oxide catalysts prepared by a precipitation method were assessed by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,O2 temperature-programmed desorption,and thermogravimetry-differential analysis.The catalytic performance of each of these materials during the selective oxidation of cyclohexane with oxygen in a solvent-free system was subsequently examined.It was found that the MnOx-500 catalyst,calcined at 500 °C,consisted of a Mn2O3 phase in addition to Mn5O8 and Mn3O4 phases and possessed a low surface area.Unlike MnOx-500,the MnOx-400 catalyst prepared at 400 °C was composed solely of Mn3O4 and Mn5O8 and had a higher surface area.The pronounced catalytic activity of this latter material for the oxidation of cyclohexene was determined to result from numerous factors,including a higher concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen,greater quantities of the surface Mn4＋ ions that promote oxygen mobility and the extent of O2 adsorption and reducibility on the catalyst.The effects of various reaction conditions on the activity of the MnOx-400 during the oxidation of cyclohexane were also evaluated,such as the reaction temperature,reaction time,and initial oxygen pressure.Following a 4 h reaction at an initial O2 pressure of 0.5 MPa and 140 °C,an 8.0% cyclohexane conversion and 5.0% yield of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were achieved over the MnOx-400 catalyst.In contrast,employing MnOx-500 resulted in a 6.1% conversion of cyclohexane and 75% selectivity for cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.After being recycled through 10 replicate uses,the catalytic activity of the MnOx-400 catalyst was unchanged,demonstrating its good stability.
文摘The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of the powder X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after doping little amount of Ce in copper manganese oxide, CeO2 phase was highly dispersed and could prevent sintering and aggregating of the catalyst, the size of the catalytic material was decreased, the reducibility was enhanced, the specific surface area was increased and the formation of the active sites for the oxidation of CO was improved significantly. Therefore, the activity of the rare earth promoted catalyst was enhanced remarkably.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.40830527,40771102)the New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.NCET-09-0399)
文摘Manganese oxides are known as one type of semiconductors,but their photocatalysis characteristics have not been deeply explored.In this study,photocatalytic degradation of phenol using several synthesized manganese oxides,i.e,acidic birnessite （BIR-H）,alkaline birnessite （BIR-OH）,cryptomelane （CRY） and todorokite （TOD）,were comparatively investigated.To elucidate phenol degradation mechanisms,X-ray diffraction （XRD）,ICP-AES （inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy）,TEM （transmission electronic microscope）,N 2 physisorption at 77 K and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS） were employed to characterize the structural,compositional,morphological,specific surface area and optical absorption properties of the manganese oxides.After 12 hr of UV-Vis irradiation,the total organic carbon （TOC） removal rate reached 62.1%,43.1%,25.4%,and 22.5% for cryptomelane,acidic birnessite,todorokite and alkaline birnessite,respectively.Compared to the reactions in the dark condition,UV- Vis exposure improved the TOC removal rates by 55.8%,31.9%,23.4% and 17.9%.This suggests a weak ability of manganese oxides to degrade phenol in the dark condition,while UV-Vis light irradiation could significantly enhance phenol degradation.The manganese minerals exhibited photocatalytic activities in the order of：CRY BIR-H TOD BIR-OH.There may be three possible mechanisms for photochemical degradation：（1） direct photolysis of phenol;（2） direct oxidation of phenol by manganese oxides;（3） photocatalytic oxidation of phenol by manganese oxides.Photocatalytic oxidation of phenol appeared to be the dominant mechanism.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Postdoctoral Sciemists of China （20070420811） and the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province in China （200510459016）.
文摘The adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ)on the manganese oxide coated zeolite(MOCZ)from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column.The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of bed height,flow rate,particle size,initial concentration of uranium(Ⅵ),initial pH,presence of salt and competitive ions.The U-uptake by MOCZ increased with initial uranium(Ⅵ)concentration and bed height,but decreased as the flow rate and particle size increased.In the presence of salt and competitive ions,the breakthrough time was shorter.The adsorption capacity reached a maximum at pH of 6.3.The Thomas model was applied to the experimental data to determine the characteristic parameters of the column for process design using linear regression.The breakthrough curves calculated from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data.The BDST model was used to study the influence of bed height on the adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ).Desorption of uranium(Ⅵ)in the MOCZ column was investigated.The column could be used for at least four adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.1mol.L-1 NaHCO3 solution as the elution.After desorption and regeneration with deionized water,MOCZ could be reused to adsorb uranium(Ⅵ)at a comparable capacity.Compared to raw zeolite,MOCZ showed better capacity for uranium(Ⅵ)removal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50874067)
文摘The reduction process of manganese dioxide in low-grade manganese ore by biomass roasting was investigated.The calcine of manganese oxide ore was further leached by sulphuric acid, the manganese in ore can be converted into manganese sulfate.Effects of the mass ratio of manganese ore to sawdust, roasting temperature and time, leaching temperature and time, leaching agent concentration and liquid-solid ratio were studied.97.71% of manganese recovery can be achieved under the optimal conditions：the mass ratio of manganese ore to sawdust of 5：1, roasting temperature at 500℃ for 40 min, leaching temperature at 60℃ for 40 min, sulphuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L and liquid-solid ratio of 10：1.Other types of low-grade manganese ore like Guilin ore, Nanning ore and Gongcheng ore were tested and the same results were obtained.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC00400706)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778521)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2017JQ2014)
文摘Two types of filter media in groundwater treatment were conducted for a comparative study of surface structure and catalytic performance. Natural filter media was adopted from a conventional aeration–filtration groundwater treatment plant, and active filter media as a novel and promising filter media was also adopted. The physicochemical properties of these two kinds of filter media were characterized using numerous analytical techniques,such as X-Ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray（EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and Zeta potential. The catalytic activities of these filter media were evaluated for ammonium and manganese oxidation.XRD data showed that both active filter media and natural filter media belonged to birnessite family. A new manganese dioxide（Mn O2） phase（PDF#72-1982） was found in the structure of natural filter media. The SEM micrograph of natural filter media showed honeycomb structures and the active filter media presented plate structures and consisted of stacked particle. These natural filter media presented lower level of some trace elements such as calcium and magnesium, lower degree of crystallinity, lower Mn（III） content and lattice oxygen content than that of active filter media, which were associated with its poor ammonium and manganese catalytic activities. In addition, some γ-Fe2 O3 and Mn CO3 were found in the coating which may hinder the ammonium and manganese catalytic oxidation. This study provides a thorough and comprehensive understanding about the most commonly used filter media in water treatment, which can provide a theoretical guide to practical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0213405)。
文摘An environmentally friendly and resource-conserving route to the clean production of electrolytic manganese was developed,in which the electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was initially calcined for cement buffering;then the generated SO2-containing flue gas was managed using manganese oxide ore and anolyte(MOOA)desulfurization;at last,the desulfurized slurry was introduced to the electrolytic manganese production(EMP).Results showed that 4.0 wt%coke addition reduced the sulfur of calcined EMR to 0.9%,thereby satisfying the cement-buffer requirement.Pilot-scale desulfurization showed that about 7.5 vol%of high SO2 containing flue gas can be cleaned to less than 0.1 vol%through a five-stage countercurrent MOOA desulfurization.The desulfurized slurry had 42.44 g·L-Mn2+and 1.92 g·L-1 S2 O62-,which was suitable for electrowinning after purification,and the purity of manganese product was 99.93%,satisfy the National Standard of China YB/T051-2015.This new integrated technology fulfilled 99.7%of sulfur reutilization from the EMR and 94.1%was effectively used to the EMP.The MOOA desulfurization linked the EMP a closed cycle without any pollutant discharge,which promoted the cleaner production of EMP industry.
基金supported by the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20131103110002)the NNSF of China(21377008)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program,2015AA034603)Foundation on the Creative Research Team Con-struction Promotion Project of Beijing Municipal InstitutionsScientific Research Base Construction-Science and Technology Creation Plat-form-National Materials Research Base Construction~~
文摘Ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 (meso‐Mn2O3) and meso‐Mn2O3‐supported Pd, Pt, and Pd‐Pt alloy x(PdyPt)/meso‐Mn2O3; x = (0.10?1.50) wt%; Pd/Pt molar ratio (y) = 4.9?5.1 nanocatalysts were prepared using KIT‐6‐templated and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐protected reduction methods, respectively.The meso‐Mn2O3 had a high surface area, i.e., 106 m2/g, and a cubic crystal structure. Noble‐metalnanoparticles (NPs) of size 2.1?2.8 nm were uniformly dispersed on the meso‐Mn2O3 surfaces. AlloyingPd with Pt enhanced the catalytic activity in methane combustion; 1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3gave the best performance; T10%, T50%, and T90% (the temperatures required for achieving methaneconversions of 10%, 50%, and 90%) were 265, 345, and 425 °C, respectively, at a space velocity of20000 mL/(g?h). The effects of SO2, CO2, H2O, and NO on methane combustion over1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 were also examined. We conclude that the good catalytic performance of1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 is associated with its high‐quality porous structure, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good low‐temperature reducibility, and strong interactions between Pd‐Pt alloy NPs and the meso‐Mn2O3 support.
基金financially supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Plan (No. 2017YFC0211804)。
文摘Various manganese oxides(MnOx) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnOx, e.g., BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1(C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T(90)(the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212 ℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn2O3 with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn^4+/Mn^3+, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules(such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO2 and H2O.
