Plague is a virulent infectious disease in China. In this study, ＇3S＇ technology was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis for Spermophilus dauricus （S. Dauricus, a spe...Plague is a virulent infectious disease in China. In this study, ＇3S＇ technology was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis for Spermophilus dauricus （S. Dauricus, a species of ground squirrel） captured in Manchuria City in 2015. The results were visually inspected. During the two-month （May to July） plague surveillance in 2015, 198 S.展开更多
The frequent rebellions in Northern Manchuria during the Third Revolutionary War occurred in the special context of the struggle between the Kuomintang(KMT)and the Communist Party of China(CPC)for Northeast China afte...The frequent rebellions in Northern Manchuria during the Third Revolutionary War occurred in the special context of the struggle between the Kuomintang(KMT)and the Communist Party of China(CPC)for Northeast China after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.The rebellion reached its peak during the KMTs attack on Northeast China,followed by a second wave of rebellion after the defeat in the Defensive Battle of Siping.It tended to disappear after the downfall of the Jiang Pengfei Group.In addition to the blind recruitment of the CPC in traditional narratives,the instigation of the KMT,the traditional mutiny of the old army,the limitations of the early work of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army,the early activities of the KMT,and the regional conflicts between the local and foreign forces are also important reasons for the concentration of rebellions.展开更多
Inspired by recent environmental historical studies on animal extinctions and human-animal relations,this paper shifts scholarly attention from the plague-centered narrative of the great Pneumonic Plague Epidemics(191...Inspired by recent environmental historical studies on animal extinctions and human-animal relations,this paper shifts scholarly attention from the plague-centered narrative of the great Pneumonic Plague Epidemics(1910—11)to the fate of the plague host animals,Tarbagan marmots(Marmota sibirica>,and examines their ncar-extinction in Northwest Manchuria(Hulunbuir)from the 1900s to 1930s.Focusing on changing images of Tarbagan marmots from“inexpensive,”“sacred,”and“beneficial”in the pre-modem period to“valuable,”“dangerous,”and“noxious”in the early twentieth century,it argues that three interrelated factors:the international fur trade,pneumonic plagues,and environment changes together resulted in the“retreat of the marmots.”It also]uses this case study to help us better understand larger historical changes that occurred by contextualizing them in terms of human-marmot relations in Manchuria,China and beyond.展开更多
In less than fi fty years since 1866,the Scottish missionaries made tens of thousands of Presbyterian converts and established eight churches in Manchuria.The most striking feature of the Scottish mission was the miss...In less than fi fty years since 1866,the Scottish missionaries made tens of thousands of Presbyterian converts and established eight churches in Manchuria.The most striking feature of the Scottish mission was the missionaries’skill in adapting to the incredibly complicated social,political and cultural environment in Manchuria.Their educational mission served as a niche for the Scottish missionaries to adapt to the social environment.Their medical mission and involvement in the famine and plague relief not only increased their popularity among the people but also helped them to establish contacts with the upper classes and power holders,including the Chinese,Russian and Japanese.John Ross,the pioneering Scottish missionary,found common ground between Ch ristianity and Confucianism,and between the Judeo-Christian tradition and the ancient Chinese moral values.Al though Ross had a strong belief in the ability of Chinese people,with the purpose of“making Confucianism the handmaid of Christianity”,his enquiry into Confucianism was tinged with cultural superiority and practicality.展开更多
The collaboration between the Japanese and British empires in the first two decades of the 20th century facilitated the soybean’s migration out of Manchuria.When the two empires turned from collaborators to competito...The collaboration between the Japanese and British empires in the first two decades of the 20th century facilitated the soybean’s migration out of Manchuria.When the two empires turned from collaborators to competitors prior to and during WWII however,the British Empire was forced to experiment with soybean cultivation in Egypt on its own in order to satisfy the demand of its vegetable oil crushing industry to make soap and detergent amongst other things.This article is not simply about the production and trade of soybean,but more importantly about the transformation of the commodity during the processes of trade,production and consumption outside its original zone of cultivation.Although soybeans provide significantly more protein per acre than most other uses of land,in Egypt the plant was classified as an inedible oilseed,such as cotton seeds,rather than an edible grain that can also produce oil,such as maize.As a result of such classification,the soybean was perceived as an industrial raw material,rather than a food item.Consequently,the simple food preparation technology that was intimately associated with the soybean as a human food in Manchuria did not embark on the journey to Egypt.During this process of global migration,the soybean was transformed from a human food item in Manchuria mainly consumed for its protein content to an industrial raw material in Egypt mainly utilized for its oil content.展开更多
This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of ...This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of urban history.Rather,the article reveals the unique path of Northeast China entering modernity through the spatial arrangement of different time periods in urban settings.The core academic inquiry is how the Manchurian frontier was incorporated into the narrative of a unified multi-ethnic community of"modern China."The article proposes that the changes in the urban configuration of Shenyang vividly reflect the diverse variations of Manchurian modernity.From being an ordinary garrison city in the Ming Dynasty to the largest city outside the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty,and eventually becoming the most important industrial and commercial center in Northeast China and the whole country in the 20th century,the urban development of Shenyang encompasses a series of significant themes in the formation,transformation,and reshaping of modern China.One continuous phenomenon,which is a pair of seemingly contradictory dynamic trajectories,is Manchuria(or Northeast China)being continually identified as a special"frontier"and the gradual disappearance of the"marginality"of this frontier.Through the case study of the urbanization of Shenyang,the article suggests a possible theoretical framework:"de-marginalized frontier,"to understand modern Northeast China.展开更多
Background:This paper examines the frequently neglected healthcare relations between China and the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s.It analyzes how Soviet influence impacted healthcare in Northeast China,the st...Background:This paper examines the frequently neglected healthcare relations between China and the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s.It analyzes how Soviet influence impacted healthcare in Northeast China,the strategies employed by Soviet authorities to promote their medical principles,and the factors that contributed to the eventual failure of socialized medicine in China during the interwar period.Methods:The study employs a historical approach and literature review to analyze the Soviet influence on public health in Manchuria.It utilizes materials from Russian archives in Moscow and Khabarovsk,Russian periodicals in Harbin in the 1920s–1930s,and published materials from this period.Results:It is mainly reflected in four aspects:The Russian Labor Red Cross in Harbin,the Soviet Red Cross organization in Harbin,Soviet medicine in the Chinese Eastern Railway(1924–1929),and Soviet medicine in the CER and Harbin in 1929–1939.Conclusion:Despite various efforts,Soviet medicine struggled to gain prominence in the region due to unfavorable political and sociocultural conditions.The healthcare system established by the Soviets in the CER did not fully embody the ideal of free general medical care and faced opposition due to issues such as the lowered social status of doctors and restrictions on patient rights.Additionally,the rise of nationalism in China posed a significant challenge,requiring Soviet doctors to adapt their practices to align with Chinese interests after 1929.Overall,the difficulty in effectively integrating and promoting Soviet healthcare ideals in the region limited their influence and success.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.83160430)the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant no.2013YQ14037106)
文摘Plague is a virulent infectious disease in China. In this study, ＇3S＇ technology was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis for Spermophilus dauricus （S. Dauricus, a species of ground squirrel） captured in Manchuria City in 2015. The results were visually inspected. During the two-month （May to July） plague surveillance in 2015, 198 S.
文摘The frequent rebellions in Northern Manchuria during the Third Revolutionary War occurred in the special context of the struggle between the Kuomintang(KMT)and the Communist Party of China(CPC)for Northeast China after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.The rebellion reached its peak during the KMTs attack on Northeast China,followed by a second wave of rebellion after the defeat in the Defensive Battle of Siping.It tended to disappear after the downfall of the Jiang Pengfei Group.In addition to the blind recruitment of the CPC in traditional narratives,the instigation of the KMT,the traditional mutiny of the old army,the limitations of the early work of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army,the early activities of the KMT,and the regional conflicts between the local and foreign forces are also important reasons for the concentration of rebellions.
文摘Inspired by recent environmental historical studies on animal extinctions and human-animal relations,this paper shifts scholarly attention from the plague-centered narrative of the great Pneumonic Plague Epidemics(1910—11)to the fate of the plague host animals,Tarbagan marmots(Marmota sibirica>,and examines their ncar-extinction in Northwest Manchuria(Hulunbuir)from the 1900s to 1930s.Focusing on changing images of Tarbagan marmots from“inexpensive,”“sacred,”and“beneficial”in the pre-modem period to“valuable,”“dangerous,”and“noxious”in the early twentieth century,it argues that three interrelated factors:the international fur trade,pneumonic plagues,and environment changes together resulted in the“retreat of the marmots.”It also]uses this case study to help us better understand larger historical changes that occurred by contextualizing them in terms of human-marmot relations in Manchuria,China and beyond.
文摘In less than fi fty years since 1866,the Scottish missionaries made tens of thousands of Presbyterian converts and established eight churches in Manchuria.The most striking feature of the Scottish mission was the missionaries’skill in adapting to the incredibly complicated social,political and cultural environment in Manchuria.Their educational mission served as a niche for the Scottish missionaries to adapt to the social environment.Their medical mission and involvement in the famine and plague relief not only increased their popularity among the people but also helped them to establish contacts with the upper classes and power holders,including the Chinese,Russian and Japanese.John Ross,the pioneering Scottish missionary,found common ground between Ch ristianity and Confucianism,and between the Judeo-Christian tradition and the ancient Chinese moral values.Al though Ross had a strong belief in the ability of Chinese people,with the purpose of“making Confucianism the handmaid of Christianity”,his enquiry into Confucianism was tinged with cultural superiority and practicality.
文摘The collaboration between the Japanese and British empires in the first two decades of the 20th century facilitated the soybean’s migration out of Manchuria.When the two empires turned from collaborators to competitors prior to and during WWII however,the British Empire was forced to experiment with soybean cultivation in Egypt on its own in order to satisfy the demand of its vegetable oil crushing industry to make soap and detergent amongst other things.This article is not simply about the production and trade of soybean,but more importantly about the transformation of the commodity during the processes of trade,production and consumption outside its original zone of cultivation.Although soybeans provide significantly more protein per acre than most other uses of land,in Egypt the plant was classified as an inedible oilseed,such as cotton seeds,rather than an edible grain that can also produce oil,such as maize.As a result of such classification,the soybean was perceived as an industrial raw material,rather than a food item.Consequently,the simple food preparation technology that was intimately associated with the soybean as a human food in Manchuria did not embark on the journey to Egypt.During this process of global migration,the soybean was transformed from a human food item in Manchuria mainly consumed for its protein content to an industrial raw material in Egypt mainly utilized for its oil content.
文摘This article focuses on the long-term transformation in the core urban area of Shenyang from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of World War II.Despite it uses urban development as a case study,this is not research of urban history.Rather,the article reveals the unique path of Northeast China entering modernity through the spatial arrangement of different time periods in urban settings.The core academic inquiry is how the Manchurian frontier was incorporated into the narrative of a unified multi-ethnic community of"modern China."The article proposes that the changes in the urban configuration of Shenyang vividly reflect the diverse variations of Manchurian modernity.From being an ordinary garrison city in the Ming Dynasty to the largest city outside the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty,and eventually becoming the most important industrial and commercial center in Northeast China and the whole country in the 20th century,the urban development of Shenyang encompasses a series of significant themes in the formation,transformation,and reshaping of modern China.One continuous phenomenon,which is a pair of seemingly contradictory dynamic trajectories,is Manchuria(or Northeast China)being continually identified as a special"frontier"and the gradual disappearance of the"marginality"of this frontier.Through the case study of the urbanization of Shenyang,the article suggests a possible theoretical framework:"de-marginalized frontier,"to understand modern Northeast China.
文摘Background:This paper examines the frequently neglected healthcare relations between China and the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s.It analyzes how Soviet influence impacted healthcare in Northeast China,the strategies employed by Soviet authorities to promote their medical principles,and the factors that contributed to the eventual failure of socialized medicine in China during the interwar period.Methods:The study employs a historical approach and literature review to analyze the Soviet influence on public health in Manchuria.It utilizes materials from Russian archives in Moscow and Khabarovsk,Russian periodicals in Harbin in the 1920s–1930s,and published materials from this period.Results:It is mainly reflected in four aspects:The Russian Labor Red Cross in Harbin,the Soviet Red Cross organization in Harbin,Soviet medicine in the Chinese Eastern Railway(1924–1929),and Soviet medicine in the CER and Harbin in 1929–1939.Conclusion:Despite various efforts,Soviet medicine struggled to gain prominence in the region due to unfavorable political and sociocultural conditions.The healthcare system established by the Soviets in the CER did not fully embody the ideal of free general medical care and faced opposition due to issues such as the lowered social status of doctors and restrictions on patient rights.Additionally,the rise of nationalism in China posed a significant challenge,requiring Soviet doctors to adapt their practices to align with Chinese interests after 1929.Overall,the difficulty in effectively integrating and promoting Soviet healthcare ideals in the region limited their influence and success.
