The development of ethnic minority tourism is currently a hot topic in domestic tourism development.As an important component of Chinese civilization,the Manchu people have created brilliant culture in the long river ...The development of ethnic minority tourism is currently a hot topic in domestic tourism development.As an important component of Chinese civilization,the Manchu people have created brilliant culture in the long river of historical development.As the hometown of the Manchu people,Fushun has unique folk cultural tourism resources and a strong ethnic flavor.Nowadays,under the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,the construction of new rural areas is constantly developing,and rural tourism is gradually becoming a new industry.Therefore,in the context of the increasingly prosperous rural tourism industry,it has become increasingly important to combine the ethnic customs of Manchu culture with rural tourism.Taking the ethnic customs and integrated development of rural tourism in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City,Liaoning Province as the research object,this paper mainly sorts out the current situation and characteristics of rural tourism development in the region,systematically explores the problems in development and how to further optimize development,and proposes new models suitable for the development of folk tourism in Xinbin of Fushun,in order to achieve maximum economic and social benefits and provide a reference for promoting the development of tourism in the region.展开更多
The common topic the mankind faces in the 21^st century is to strengthen construction and support the ecological secure. It is also the needs of establlshing socialist harmonious society in China. It is an arduous sys...The common topic the mankind faces in the 21^st century is to strengthen construction and support the ecological secure. It is also the needs of establlshing socialist harmonious society in China. It is an arduous systematic project in ethnic group regions of China to realize economic and sodal sustainable development,promote the harmony between man and nature andrealize the coordination among the economic development population, natural resources and envinonment To develop ecosystem construction and the green indutry well is the basic path to realize the above goals. Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province is abundant in forests, especially local products, medicinal materials, tourism resource, water resources and culotte resources. In order to develop its ecosystem, the strategies should be focused on enhancing protection consciousaess, brand consciousness, science and technology consciousoess and market consciousness. The ultimate purpose is to create the top-ranking ecosystem environment, industry system, policy systern and district civilization.展开更多
The paper is concerned with the combination of Manchu language teaching with culture teaching in two aspects, from which the basic teaching modes can be concluded.First, on the theoretical level, the author states the...The paper is concerned with the combination of Manchu language teaching with culture teaching in two aspects, from which the basic teaching modes can be concluded.First, on the theoretical level, the author states the combined learning mode of ethnic language and culture learning in connection with the multi-cultural interactive mode, and analyzes its theoretic foundation. Second, on the practical level, the paper introduces some of the effective language and culture teaching methods, such as culture lectures, culture discussions, culture investigations, culture comparisons and culture research.展开更多
In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak ...In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak these two languages. This paper explores and analyzes the reasons for the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages and provides evidence of the general rules of language endangerment. The research shows that social, psychological and linguistic factors work together to endanger the two languages. Their switch and variation modes have jointly endangered themselves, and the gradual and sudden changes in their linguistic systems have played a joint force. This paper is significant as a reference for further research into universal rules for the endangered languages.展开更多
In recent years,China’s urban construction has been gradually influenced by Western culture and ideologies.The planning of urban development has been carried out in accordance with Western ideologies.As a result,this...In recent years,China’s urban construction has been gradually influenced by Western culture and ideologies.The planning of urban development has been carried out in accordance with Western ideologies.As a result,this has prevented our local buildings and architectures to showcase unique local style and characteristics.Even under the influence of global urbanization,the development trend has prevented the construction of global cities from displaying the characteristics of their respective cities.Therefore,it is highly important for a nation not to lose the direction in the design of the urban landscape,and not to blindly imitating the architectural style of other countries or other cities.In addition,the nation and its cities should show their respective unique cultural charm and cultural characteristics and present their best to the whole world in order to promote the popularity of the cities,expand their influence and get onto a better development path.This article mainly introduces the application of the decoration culture of the traditional Manchu residence in the architectural landscape design.展开更多
IN a vast area in Northeast Chinaand Northeast Asia live a num-ber of nationalities speaking theManchu-Tungusic language of the Ewenki,Oroqen,Hezhen,Xibe and Manchu inChina and Evenki,Even and Nanai inRussia.In the 16...IN a vast area in Northeast Chinaand Northeast Asia live a num-ber of nationalities speaking theManchu-Tungusic language of the Ewenki,Oroqen,Hezhen,Xibe and Manchu inChina and Evenki,Even and Nanai inRussia.In the 16th century these peopledid not have witten languages of theirown.In 1119,the Nuzhen,the forefath-ers of the Manchu,created the grea-ter Nuzhen script:in 1138,the lesserNuzhen script was also created.Thesescripts were created based on Chinesecharacters.展开更多
China is the country with pluralistic cultural background of 56 ethnic groups,Manchu is China’s second largest minority,the population is over 10 million.The history of Manchu can be traced back earliest to 7000 year...China is the country with pluralistic cultural background of 56 ethnic groups,Manchu is China’s second largest minority,the population is over 10 million.The history of Manchu can be traced back earliest to 7000 years ago,even so,there are not more than 100 Manchu people can speak the Manchu language,the inheritance and development of Manchu culture are in jeopardy.The article focused on how to educate Manchu culture to pupils in Manchu primary school,especially in Manchu schoolbased curriculum,exploring the present situation and effective ways of the development of Manchu school-based curriculum.展开更多
THE Manchu Nationality is oneof China’s many ethnic groups with a long history.Originating between Baishan and Heishui,an area of high-latitude,chilly winters,dense forests,and abundant birds and beasts,the nationali...THE Manchu Nationality is oneof China’s many ethnic groups with a long history.Originating between Baishan and Heishui,an area of high-latitude,chilly winters,dense forests,and abundant birds and beasts,the nationality lived and flourished here since the Neolithic Age.Its foremost ancestor,as historic do cuments recorded,was Sushen of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Some of the Sushen tribes lived primarily upon agriculture and partly upon animal husbandry.Some lived on fishing and hunting.They had a recorded history of over 3,000 years.展开更多
The advice to“disclose the family business to no one”has remained in my mind for a long time.It influenced how I perceived the works of Ni Youzhi,a paper-cut artist,which are shrouded in mystery and marked with her ...The advice to“disclose the family business to no one”has remained in my mind for a long time.It influenced how I perceived the works of Ni Youzhi,a paper-cut artist,which are shrouded in mystery and marked with her family’s hue.I certainly feel proud and understand the sense of mission for this inheritance that has been passed down from generation to generation[2].However,her Manchu paper-cut changed dramatically over time despite my best efforts to preserve this“heirloom”[3].Looking back on her journey of creation,her trajectory of inheritance,creation,transformation,and regression was marked clearly.展开更多
The Manchu character recognition method based on Manchu character unit is an efficient method.In this method,the recognition accuracy rate of Manchu character unit has great influence on the final recognition result.A...The Manchu character recognition method based on Manchu character unit is an efficient method.In this method,the recognition accuracy rate of Manchu character unit has great influence on the final recognition result.As new approach to solve this problem,a hybrid wavelet neural network scheme has been developed as an assistant method combine with the original combo-distance method.Due to the properties of the wavelet neural network,the training problem can be transformed into a convex optimization process,therefore the global minimum can be obtained and the learning speed is increases.Both the learning samples set and testing samples set are used,experimental results demonstrate the combine method based on the wavelet neural network is more efficient than the single combo-distance method.展开更多
Before 1644, the Manchu rulers pursued a deliberate policy of alliances with the southern (later "Inner") Mongol tribes. In the 1630s the system of treaties and alliances gave way to the creation of the League-Ban...Before 1644, the Manchu rulers pursued a deliberate policy of alliances with the southern (later "Inner") Mongol tribes. In the 1630s the system of treaties and alliances gave way to the creation of the League-Banner system, the jasaq system, and the Lifan Yuan. The new territorial and political organization meant that the southern Mongols, while retaining a degree of autonomy, became subjects of the Qing dynasty. This essay explores the historical circumstances of the transformation of the relationship between Manchus and Mongols from partnership to subordination. It also aims to explain the political principles deployed by the Manchus in the redefinition of their relationship with the Mongol elites. More specifically, the essay proposes that the new forms of administration of Inner Mongolia stemmed from a condition of "tutelage." Tutelage was not simply imposed by the Manehus upon their erstwhile allies, but actively sought by Mongol aristocrats in the context of the intra-Mongol wars carried out by the Caqar leader Ligdan Khan.展开更多
Two sets of assumptions surrounding the Manchus and footbinding have crept into the historiography of the Qing period. A first set of assumptions claims that the Manchus attempted to ban footbinding among civilian Han...Two sets of assumptions surrounding the Manchus and footbinding have crept into the historiography of the Qing period. A first set of assumptions claims that the Manchus attempted to ban footbinding among civilian Han on repeated occasions after the conquest but failed due to women's resistance. Moreover, Qing attempts to ban footbinding made binding into a politically charged ethnic marker that embodied for Han anti-Manchu and anti-Qing sentiments and caused the bans to backfire and footbinding to spread further. A second set of assumptions claims that the overwhelming cultural allure and popularity of footbinding proved irresistible to banner women, who, thwarted by banner regulations forbidding the practice, covertly imitated footbinding by wearing platform shoes that hid natural feet and created an illusion of smallness. This paper scrutinizes the evidence put forward by Qing historians for the first of these two sets of assumptions. The claims are found to be unsubstantiated and evidence is offered that contradicts them. I argue that the weight of evidence shows that there was no prohibition on footbinding imposed in 1645 or at any time during the Manchu conquest, and that a 1664 proposal to ban footbinding was withdrawn before it could be implemented, for reasons misunderstood by historians offootbinding. Therefore there could have been no "resistance" by Han women or men to a ban on footbinding, and claims that footbinding became a politically charged ethnic marker of anti-Qing sentiment in the seventeenth century are groundless. With regard to the second set of assumptions, I provide evidence in a separate paper to be published elsewhere that banner women had distinctive roles and fashions uninfluenced by the culture of footbinding, and that in Beijing and the Northeast Manchu styles were emulated by Han, not vice versa.展开更多
The myth of Manchu origin was narrated in different versions with the same theme and variant details.Based on Manchu documents,the myth of Manchu origin has two early versions that were written in Manchu with minor di...The myth of Manchu origin was narrated in different versions with the same theme and variant details.Based on Manchu documents,the myth of Manchu origin has two early versions that were written in Manchu with minor differences in the narration of the story.From the earliest version of 1635 to the version compiled in the nineteenth century,all the authors highlight that the origin of the Manchu people as coming from a heavenly being,with the purpose of reinforcing the Qing dynasty’s legitimacy as coming from the heaven,as was officially declared by the Qing government throughout the dynasty.This article makes a comparative study based on evidential research on the facts contained in different versions of the myth and the time periods of composition.展开更多
文摘The development of ethnic minority tourism is currently a hot topic in domestic tourism development.As an important component of Chinese civilization,the Manchu people have created brilliant culture in the long river of historical development.As the hometown of the Manchu people,Fushun has unique folk cultural tourism resources and a strong ethnic flavor.Nowadays,under the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,the construction of new rural areas is constantly developing,and rural tourism is gradually becoming a new industry.Therefore,in the context of the increasingly prosperous rural tourism industry,it has become increasingly important to combine the ethnic customs of Manchu culture with rural tourism.Taking the ethnic customs and integrated development of rural tourism in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City,Liaoning Province as the research object,this paper mainly sorts out the current situation and characteristics of rural tourism development in the region,systematically explores the problems in development and how to further optimize development,and proposes new models suitable for the development of folk tourism in Xinbin of Fushun,in order to achieve maximum economic and social benefits and provide a reference for promoting the development of tourism in the region.
文摘The common topic the mankind faces in the 21^st century is to strengthen construction and support the ecological secure. It is also the needs of establlshing socialist harmonious society in China. It is an arduous systematic project in ethnic group regions of China to realize economic and sodal sustainable development,promote the harmony between man and nature andrealize the coordination among the economic development population, natural resources and envinonment To develop ecosystem construction and the green indutry well is the basic path to realize the above goals. Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province is abundant in forests, especially local products, medicinal materials, tourism resource, water resources and culotte resources. In order to develop its ecosystem, the strategies should be focused on enhancing protection consciousaess, brand consciousness, science and technology consciousoess and market consciousness. The ultimate purpose is to create the top-ranking ecosystem environment, industry system, policy systern and district civilization.
文摘The paper is concerned with the combination of Manchu language teaching with culture teaching in two aspects, from which the basic teaching modes can be concluded.First, on the theoretical level, the author states the combined learning mode of ethnic language and culture learning in connection with the multi-cultural interactive mode, and analyzes its theoretic foundation. Second, on the practical level, the paper introduces some of the effective language and culture teaching methods, such as culture lectures, culture discussions, culture investigations, culture comparisons and culture research.
文摘In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak these two languages. This paper explores and analyzes the reasons for the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages and provides evidence of the general rules of language endangerment. The research shows that social, psychological and linguistic factors work together to endanger the two languages. Their switch and variation modes have jointly endangered themselves, and the gradual and sudden changes in their linguistic systems have played a joint force. This paper is significant as a reference for further research into universal rules for the endangered languages.
文摘In recent years,China’s urban construction has been gradually influenced by Western culture and ideologies.The planning of urban development has been carried out in accordance with Western ideologies.As a result,this has prevented our local buildings and architectures to showcase unique local style and characteristics.Even under the influence of global urbanization,the development trend has prevented the construction of global cities from displaying the characteristics of their respective cities.Therefore,it is highly important for a nation not to lose the direction in the design of the urban landscape,and not to blindly imitating the architectural style of other countries or other cities.In addition,the nation and its cities should show their respective unique cultural charm and cultural characteristics and present their best to the whole world in order to promote the popularity of the cities,expand their influence and get onto a better development path.This article mainly introduces the application of the decoration culture of the traditional Manchu residence in the architectural landscape design.
文摘IN a vast area in Northeast Chinaand Northeast Asia live a num-ber of nationalities speaking theManchu-Tungusic language of the Ewenki,Oroqen,Hezhen,Xibe and Manchu inChina and Evenki,Even and Nanai inRussia.In the 16th century these peopledid not have witten languages of theirown.In 1119,the Nuzhen,the forefath-ers of the Manchu,created the grea-ter Nuzhen script:in 1138,the lesserNuzhen script was also created.Thesescripts were created based on Chinesecharacters.
基金funded by IGA project of Palacky'University Olomouc:Value of education among the students from different sociocultural environment(Grant number:IGA_Pd F_2017_022)
文摘China is the country with pluralistic cultural background of 56 ethnic groups,Manchu is China’s second largest minority,the population is over 10 million.The history of Manchu can be traced back earliest to 7000 years ago,even so,there are not more than 100 Manchu people can speak the Manchu language,the inheritance and development of Manchu culture are in jeopardy.The article focused on how to educate Manchu culture to pupils in Manchu primary school,especially in Manchu schoolbased curriculum,exploring the present situation and effective ways of the development of Manchu school-based curriculum.
文摘THE Manchu Nationality is oneof China’s many ethnic groups with a long history.Originating between Baishan and Heishui,an area of high-latitude,chilly winters,dense forests,and abundant birds and beasts,the nationality lived and flourished here since the Neolithic Age.Its foremost ancestor,as historic do cuments recorded,was Sushen of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Some of the Sushen tribes lived primarily upon agriculture and partly upon animal husbandry.Some lived on fishing and hunting.They had a recorded history of over 3,000 years.
文摘The advice to“disclose the family business to no one”has remained in my mind for a long time.It influenced how I perceived the works of Ni Youzhi,a paper-cut artist,which are shrouded in mystery and marked with her family’s hue.I certainly feel proud and understand the sense of mission for this inheritance that has been passed down from generation to generation[2].However,her Manchu paper-cut changed dramatically over time despite my best efforts to preserve this“heirloom”[3].Looking back on her journey of creation,her trajectory of inheritance,creation,transformation,and regression was marked clearly.
文摘The Manchu character recognition method based on Manchu character unit is an efficient method.In this method,the recognition accuracy rate of Manchu character unit has great influence on the final recognition result.As new approach to solve this problem,a hybrid wavelet neural network scheme has been developed as an assistant method combine with the original combo-distance method.Due to the properties of the wavelet neural network,the training problem can be transformed into a convex optimization process,therefore the global minimum can be obtained and the learning speed is increases.Both the learning samples set and testing samples set are used,experimental results demonstrate the combine method based on the wavelet neural network is more efficient than the single combo-distance method.
文摘Before 1644, the Manchu rulers pursued a deliberate policy of alliances with the southern (later "Inner") Mongol tribes. In the 1630s the system of treaties and alliances gave way to the creation of the League-Banner system, the jasaq system, and the Lifan Yuan. The new territorial and political organization meant that the southern Mongols, while retaining a degree of autonomy, became subjects of the Qing dynasty. This essay explores the historical circumstances of the transformation of the relationship between Manchus and Mongols from partnership to subordination. It also aims to explain the political principles deployed by the Manchus in the redefinition of their relationship with the Mongol elites. More specifically, the essay proposes that the new forms of administration of Inner Mongolia stemmed from a condition of "tutelage." Tutelage was not simply imposed by the Manehus upon their erstwhile allies, but actively sought by Mongol aristocrats in the context of the intra-Mongol wars carried out by the Caqar leader Ligdan Khan.
文摘Two sets of assumptions surrounding the Manchus and footbinding have crept into the historiography of the Qing period. A first set of assumptions claims that the Manchus attempted to ban footbinding among civilian Han on repeated occasions after the conquest but failed due to women's resistance. Moreover, Qing attempts to ban footbinding made binding into a politically charged ethnic marker that embodied for Han anti-Manchu and anti-Qing sentiments and caused the bans to backfire and footbinding to spread further. A second set of assumptions claims that the overwhelming cultural allure and popularity of footbinding proved irresistible to banner women, who, thwarted by banner regulations forbidding the practice, covertly imitated footbinding by wearing platform shoes that hid natural feet and created an illusion of smallness. This paper scrutinizes the evidence put forward by Qing historians for the first of these two sets of assumptions. The claims are found to be unsubstantiated and evidence is offered that contradicts them. I argue that the weight of evidence shows that there was no prohibition on footbinding imposed in 1645 or at any time during the Manchu conquest, and that a 1664 proposal to ban footbinding was withdrawn before it could be implemented, for reasons misunderstood by historians offootbinding. Therefore there could have been no "resistance" by Han women or men to a ban on footbinding, and claims that footbinding became a politically charged ethnic marker of anti-Qing sentiment in the seventeenth century are groundless. With regard to the second set of assumptions, I provide evidence in a separate paper to be published elsewhere that banner women had distinctive roles and fashions uninfluenced by the culture of footbinding, and that in Beijing and the Northeast Manchu styles were emulated by Han, not vice versa.
文摘The myth of Manchu origin was narrated in different versions with the same theme and variant details.Based on Manchu documents,the myth of Manchu origin has two early versions that were written in Manchu with minor differences in the narration of the story.From the earliest version of 1635 to the version compiled in the nineteenth century,all the authors highlight that the origin of the Manchu people as coming from a heavenly being,with the purpose of reinforcing the Qing dynasty’s legitimacy as coming from the heaven,as was officially declared by the Qing government throughout the dynasty.This article makes a comparative study based on evidential research on the facts contained in different versions of the myth and the time periods of composition.