The Himalayas are characterized by a broad gradient of bioclimatic zones along their elevation.However,less is known how forest growth responds to climatic change along elevation.In this study,four standard treering w...The Himalayas are characterized by a broad gradient of bioclimatic zones along their elevation.However,less is known how forest growth responds to climatic change along elevation.In this study,four standard treering width chronologies of Himalayan fir(Abies spectabilis)were developed,spanning 142–649 years along an elevation gradient of 3076–3900 m a.s.l.Principal component analysis classified the four chronologies into two groups;the ones at lower elevations(M1 and M2)and higher elevations(M3 and M4)show two distinct growth trends.Radial growth is limited by summer(June–August)precipitation at M3,and by precipitation during spring(March–May)and summer at M4.It is limited by spring temperatures and winter precipitation(December–February)at M1.Tree-ring width chronologies also significantly correlate with winter and spring Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)at M1,and with summer PDSI at M3 and M4.Thus,Himalayan fir growth at high elevations is mainly limited by moisture stress rather than by low temperatures.Furthermore,the occurrence of missing rings coincides with dry periods,providing additional evidence for moisture limitation of Himalayan fir growth.展开更多
目的：探讨无线远程镇痛泵监控系统用于胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术后镇痛管理的可行性及有效性.方法：将82例静吸复合全身麻醉下行胸腔镜肺叶切除的患者随机分为远程管理组39例,传统管理组43例;远程管理组采用无线远程镇痛泵监控系统进行术后...目的：探讨无线远程镇痛泵监控系统用于胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术后镇痛管理的可行性及有效性.方法：将82例静吸复合全身麻醉下行胸腔镜肺叶切除的患者随机分为远程管理组39例,传统管理组43例;远程管理组采用无线远程镇痛泵监控系统进行术后PCIA （patient-controlled intravenousanalgesia,PCIA）镇痛管理,传统管理组采用传统PCIA镇痛管理;两组镇痛药物配方均为舒芬太尼（1μg/ml）;传统管理组术后常规每日床旁随访患者,患者出现疼痛强度评分≥4分时,由护士通知麻醉科会诊,再由研究者补救镇痛;远程管理组在常规随访基础上,远程监控PCIA泵按压次数及疼痛评分,研究者根据监控结果主动到床旁评估患者疼痛强度并补救镇痛.结果：无线远程镇痛泵监控系统与PCIA泵的数据记录一致性较好,Kappa值为0.966～1;与传统管理组相比,远程管理组患者术后第二日24 h平均疼痛评分较低（2.4±0.7 vs 3.0±1.0,P＜0.01）,术后第一日3 PM和术后第二日9AM活动时疼痛评分较低（3.0±1.5 vs 3.8±1.7,P＜0.05; 3.0±1.0 vs 3.7±1.7,P＜0.05）;远程管理组患者和医务人员对镇痛效果的满意度高于传统管理组.结论：无线远程镇痛泵监控系统用于术后镇痛管理,安全可行,能改善镇痛效果,有助于为患者实施个体化镇痛管理,提高患者及医务人员对镇痛效果的满意度.展开更多
Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotec...Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be a new threat in future to its habitat. The information about habitat conditions, together with the information from other areas, ean be useful to identify potential habitats and plan for cultivation or domestication of the two medieinal plants.展开更多
基金We thank the Kathmandu Center for Research and Education,CAS-TU,for help during the fieldwork。
文摘The Himalayas are characterized by a broad gradient of bioclimatic zones along their elevation.However,less is known how forest growth responds to climatic change along elevation.In this study,four standard treering width chronologies of Himalayan fir(Abies spectabilis)were developed,spanning 142–649 years along an elevation gradient of 3076–3900 m a.s.l.Principal component analysis classified the four chronologies into two groups;the ones at lower elevations(M1 and M2)and higher elevations(M3 and M4)show two distinct growth trends.Radial growth is limited by summer(June–August)precipitation at M3,and by precipitation during spring(March–May)and summer at M4.It is limited by spring temperatures and winter precipitation(December–February)at M1.Tree-ring width chronologies also significantly correlate with winter and spring Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)at M1,and with summer PDSI at M3 and M4.Thus,Himalayan fir growth at high elevations is mainly limited by moisture stress rather than by low temperatures.Furthermore,the occurrence of missing rings coincides with dry periods,providing additional evidence for moisture limitation of Himalayan fir growth.
文摘目的：探讨无线远程镇痛泵监控系统用于胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术后镇痛管理的可行性及有效性.方法：将82例静吸复合全身麻醉下行胸腔镜肺叶切除的患者随机分为远程管理组39例,传统管理组43例;远程管理组采用无线远程镇痛泵监控系统进行术后PCIA （patient-controlled intravenousanalgesia,PCIA）镇痛管理,传统管理组采用传统PCIA镇痛管理;两组镇痛药物配方均为舒芬太尼（1μg/ml）;传统管理组术后常规每日床旁随访患者,患者出现疼痛强度评分≥4分时,由护士通知麻醉科会诊,再由研究者补救镇痛;远程管理组在常规随访基础上,远程监控PCIA泵按压次数及疼痛评分,研究者根据监控结果主动到床旁评估患者疼痛强度并补救镇痛.结果：无线远程镇痛泵监控系统与PCIA泵的数据记录一致性较好,Kappa值为0.966～1;与传统管理组相比,远程管理组患者术后第二日24 h平均疼痛评分较低（2.4±0.7 vs 3.0±1.0,P＜0.01）,术后第一日3 PM和术后第二日9AM活动时疼痛评分较低（3.0±1.5 vs 3.8±1.7,P＜0.05; 3.0±1.0 vs 3.7±1.7,P＜0.05）;远程管理组患者和医务人员对镇痛效果的满意度高于传统管理组.结论：无线远程镇痛泵监控系统用于术后镇痛管理,安全可行,能改善镇痛效果,有助于为患者实施个体化镇痛管理,提高患者及医务人员对镇痛效果的满意度.
文摘Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be a new threat in future to its habitat. The information about habitat conditions, together with the information from other areas, ean be useful to identify potential habitats and plan for cultivation or domestication of the two medieinal plants.
