Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with n...Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with natural hazards,caused by earthquakes,floods and volcanic eruptions,and troubles unlikely come solely from the action of nature.Disasters threatening the human race can be caused also by people themselves.Both types of disasters cause vast human suffering,at the same time destroying cultural heritage as well,that has the function of determining the identity of social communities.These sufferings should be added to those that can be determined only by in-depth analyses which are derived from the synergy of natural forces and mistaken choices made by the humans,when it comes to their habitat.The proposed strategic plan for protection of built heritage in emergency situations may become the powerful catalyst for the process of revitalization by which the social tissue of community is maintained and restored,creating the symbol of resistance by which it endures each and every natural element and evil men behaviour.展开更多
Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster prepar...Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.展开更多
At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his schoo...At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his school when he was eight,the third grader be-came a Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)advocate,educating his fel-low students and community members on early warning,evacua-tion,and search and rescue.展开更多
This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive framework for empowering women who work in disaster risk governance in Sri Lanka.Women's empowerment in disaster risk governance has been identified as a strateg...This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive framework for empowering women who work in disaster risk governance in Sri Lanka.Women's empowerment in disaster risk governance has been identified as a strategy to reduce women's vulnerability to disasters and strengthen the disaster risk governance system towards building a resilient society.The study was conducted within the Sri Lankan disaster preparedness system because of the high disaster profile and the lower level of women's empowerment in the decision-making system.A case study strategy was employed for data collection.Three highly disaster-prone districts were selected and we conducted 26 semistructured case study interviews.In addition,14 expert interviews were conducted for better triangulating the results.Thematic analysis and cognitive mapping were adopted for data analysis and identifying strategies.Based on the study findings,a comprehensive framework was developed with four intervention mechanisms:individual,community,organizational,and legislative.Each group of interventions was divided into primary and secondary actions based on their priorities.The validated framework will guide policymakers and practitioners in supporting women's empowerment in governance with the ultimate objective of enhancing societal resilience.展开更多
Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and d...Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and daily activities,and result in considerable economic losses.This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regions affected by these disasters,the preventive and responsive measures employed,recent advancements in key materials,and the challenges encountered.By doing so,we can gain a deeper understanding of the vital role,significant advantages,and untapped potential of key materials for effectively preventing and responding to snow and freezing disasters.Furthermore,promoting research and utilization of these materials not only contributes to the development of the safety and emergency equipment industry but also strengthens the supply of advanced and suitable safety and emergency equipment.展开更多
The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)said that in the last five years,China has made big improvements in its weather services.This includes better weather forecasts and ways to protect people from disasters.
Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident ...Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident site,the causes of the lightning stroke accident were analyzed,and the corresponding rectification suggestions were put forward.展开更多
The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,...The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,some countermeasures for meteorological services in the disaster prevention and mitigation of potatoes were proposed,such as strengthening intelligent and digital meteorological services,and building a full-chain meteorological service for the entire growth period of potatoes.The aim is to reduce the impact of disasters and increase the yield and quality of potatoes through intelligent and digital meteorological services.展开更多
Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of p...Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.展开更多
Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree c...Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree classification rules through multi-source and multi-temporal feature fusion, classified groundobjects before the disaster and extracted flood information in the disaster area based on optical imagesduring the disaster, so as to achieve rapid acquisition of the disaster situation of each disaster bearing object.In the case of Qianliang Lake, which suffered from flooding in 2020, the results show that decision treeclassification algorithms based on multi-temporal features can effectively integrate multi-temporal and multispectralinformation to overcome the shortcomings of single-temporal image classification and achieveground-truth object classification.展开更多
To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi...To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi Province where this largescale resettlement program was performed,has provided a model for observing and evaluating the impact of the resettlement project,both within Shaanxi Province and across other regions of China.As a place where a number of protection and development policies converge,the economic and social development of Ankang is confronted with multiple constraints.Measuring livelihood resilience and further evaluating its impact in this region is key to the delivery and output of disaster resettlement programs to improve human well-being.We attempted to empirically examine the significance and impact of livelihood resilience in the context of disaster resettlement.This study expanded the social–ecological system resilience theory to examine rural household livelihood systems.We used the spatial vector method and 657 field research data collected in July 2021 from Ankang Prefecture to measure the livelihood resilience of rural households and elucidate both general and specific aspects.The sustainable household well-being(SHWB)of rural households was measured in five dimensions concerning the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)report.In econometrics,we used coarsened exact matching(CEM)to stratify the sample and reduce the computational bias.We then applied group regression to test the effect of livelihood resilience on SHWB empirically.The findings indicate that:(1)livelihood resilience is significantly and positively related to SHWB,and it is conducive to the level of well-being;(2)disaster resettlement has a negative effect on SHWB;(3)energy and medical facilities in resettlement infrastructure and services play active roles in SHWB.These results have policy implications for strengthening livelihood resilience and improving human well-being and important implications for livelihood development in rural areas across China and other developing nations.展开更多
Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder th...Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.展开更多
Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interr...Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.展开更多
Typhoon disasters threaten sustainable development in southeastern China due to their complex spatiotemporal chaining and compounding effects.However,characteristics of risk and exposure of compound typhoon disaster c...Typhoon disasters threaten sustainable development in southeastern China due to their complex spatiotemporal chaining and compounding effects.However,characteristics of risk and exposure of compound typhoon disaster chains remain unclear,particularly across geographic scales.This study proposed a multi-scale risk assessment framework to analyze compound typhoon disaster chains,using Fujian Province—a high-risk coastal region in southeastern China—as a case study.We quantified risks and exposures of four disaster chains:typhoon-rainstorm-urban waterlogging(TRU),typhoon-rainstormflood(TRF),typhoon-rainstorm-landslide(TRL),and typhoon-strong wind-storm surge(TWS),across nested scales(grid,county,city,and basin).Key findings include:(1)Pronounced spatial heterogeneity exists in Fujian Province,with compound risk hotspots dominated by TRU(216.71 km2),TRF(872.43 km2),and TWS(263.69 km2)high-risk areas in eastern coastal areas,while inland mountainous regions are primarily affected by the TRL single chain(24,993 km2,20.4%of the total area of the province);(2)Approximately one-third of the provincial population(5.69 million)and GDP(RMB 552 billion yuan)are exposed to the high-risk zones of the TRF chain,whereas the TRU chain results in twice the exposure density of TRF,forming localized hotspots;(3)High-risk areas display dual patterns of single chain dominance and compound chain aggregation,with compound chain exposure densities 38–58 times higher(at population density 15,900 persons/km2)than single chain exposure density.Priority should be given to managing cascading risks of compound chains like TRU-TRF,alongside targeted interventions in multi-disaster hubs such as Fuzhou City and Jinjiang City.The findings advance our understanding of typhoon disaster risk compounding,informing targeted mitigation strategies and providing a framework for multi-hazard cascade analysis.展开更多
Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From th...Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From the night of July 21 to the morning of July 22,2024,the Kencho Shacha Gozdi Village in Gezei Gofa,Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples'Region,Ethiopia,suffered heavy rainfall that triggered two landslides.By July25,this event had claimed at least 257 lives.This study presents a detailed characterization of the landslides using multi-source data.By analyzing the landslide disaster process,this study summarizes key lessons and provides suggestions for preventing rainfall-induced geological hazards.The results indicate that rainfall has the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslides,while lithology and human activities have promoted and strengthened the landslide disaster.Despite the active disaster response in the local area,many problems were still exposed in the emergency response work.This analysis offers valuable insights for mitigating rainfall-induced geological hazards and enhancing emergency response capabilities.展开更多
Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearw...Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearwater floods or debris floods/flows,overlooking their evolutionary characteristics and compound impacts.This study presents a novel classification-based approach to investigate the formation and destructive mechanisms of a catastrophic composite disaster of flash flood and debris flow in the Dayao Gully(DYG)catchment in Hanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The event resulted in 14 fatalities,25 missing persons,and extensive infrastructure damage.Through comprehensive field investigations and multi-method analysis,three distinct disaster zones were identified with different magnitudes and impacts:(1)a clearwater flood disaster region with minimal geomorphological changes under a 5-year return period rainfall;(2)a debris flood disaster region triggered by a 30-year return period rainfall,leading to intense sediment transport with a total deposit volume of 52,511 m^(3);and(3)a sediment-induced flood disaster region characterized by significant riverbed aggradation and infrastructure destruction due to sediment-induced blockage effects.The results reveal that the cascading characteristics of this composite disaster were primarily driven by intense rainfall,enhanced sediment transport motivated by supracritical shear stress,and interactions with human infrastructure(e.g.,bridges and buildings).This classification-based approach provides a quantitative assessment of spatial characteristics of cascading flood disasters,offering new insights into their evolutionary characteristics and highlighting the necessity for targeted disaster mitigation strategies in sedimentprone mountainous regions.展开更多
Flash floods are characterized by their destructive power,rapid onset,and unpredictability,often causing severe damage to both natural environments and socioeconomic systems.Understanding the detailed disaster-causing...Flash floods are characterized by their destructive power,rapid onset,and unpredictability,often causing severe damage to both natural environments and socioeconomic systems.Understanding the detailed disaster-causing mechanisms of flash floods is critical for eff ective disaster risk reduction.However,current studies have not captured the comprehensive circumstance of flash floods that integrates environment,hazard,and exposure from the perspective of disaster systems theory.To address the gap,this study established a systematic framework for comprehensively evaluating flash floods disaster-causing mechanisms in ungauged mountainous micro-watersheds by integrating multi-source data,including remote sensing observations,meteorological station data,unmanned aerial vehicle measurements,and participatory geographic information system data,with hydrological-hydrodynamic and statistical models.The proposed framework consists of four interconnected steps:design storm estimation,flash flood process simulation,critical rainfall calculation,and disaster loss evaluation.Through a case study conducted in Qialegeer Village,Xinjiang,China,we demonstrated the framework's applicability by reconstructing flash flood scenarios,including the 2017 event as well as those of 10 and 20 years return periods.The results demonstrate that our framework robustly and systematically elucidates flash flood disaster process in the region with high reliability.Furthermore,it is adaptable to other ungauged mountainous micro-watersheds.This framework ultimately serves to enhance disaster risk mitigation and build resilience in vulnerable mountainous communities.展开更多
The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside co...The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside construction in Southwest China.However,previous studies have not systematically summarized the development characteristics and formation modes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,which limits the development of theoretical and technical system for flood control.In this study,we focused on the physical processes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,including generation,movement,and disaster formation,and clarified the dominant disaster-inducing conditions(multiple humid monsoon circulation,high potential energy and high heterogenous underlying surface)and disaster development characteristics(high spatio-temporal heterogeneity,highly concentrated energy,chain and cascading effects,and clustered occurrence)of flash floods in the HMR.Based on the entire processes of flash flood disasters,three major formation modes have been summarized:the runoff generation mode of vegetation-hydrology-soil coupling dominated by high hydraulic gradient in mountainous areas,strong flow-sediment coupling movement,and serious disaster losses due to high exposure of disaster bearing objects.Finally,based on the issues in previous research,four future research challenges for flash flood disaster in the HMR were proposed.Our study provides insights into disaster prevention and reduction research,including fundamental theoretical system,precise risk assessment of regional disasters,and accurate early warning and forecasting of flash floods.展开更多
Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This...Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This study conducted a comparative analysis of institutional vulnerability at the municipal level in two hazard-prone regions:Teziutlán,Mexico,and Tola,Nicaragua.It employed comparative case study methods alongside structured surveys administered to local DRR actors.An integrated analytical framework was used,synthesizing the Pressure and Release model,the Forensic Investigations of Disasters approach,the MOVE framework,and the Institutional Analysis and Development model.The research identified key institutional vulnerabilities,including preparedness,coordination,information access,infrastructure,legal enforcement,climate integration,and informal governance.The findings indicate that the deficiencies within these institutions are not merely technical but are significantly influenced by systemic disparities in power,resource allocation,and political stability.Both municipalities exhibit notable gaps between formal DRR mandates and their operational implementation,reflecting a structural disjunction between institutions articulated in policy(institutions-in-form)and those in practice(institutions-inuse).The study concluded that eff ectively addressing institutional vulnerability necessitates transitioning from compliancedriven reforms towards integrated strategies that foster institutional learning,enhance cross-sectoral coordination,promote climate adaptation,and acknowledge informal and community-based governance structures.These findings off er policyrelevant insights for national and regional policymakers seeking to strengthen the institutional foundations of local DRR implementation within Latin America and comparable decentralized governance contexts.展开更多
Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,...Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,nearly two years after it was struck by a catastrophic flood that left widespread destruction in its wake.My visit provided a unique opportunity to observe the ongoing recovery e!orts and evaluate how the district has leveraged coordinated planning,technology and the resilience of its people to rebuild.The purpose of the visit was to witness these recovery e!orts firsthand and gain insight into the strategies that have helped Mentougou overcome the lingering e!ects of this environmental disaster.展开更多
文摘Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with natural hazards,caused by earthquakes,floods and volcanic eruptions,and troubles unlikely come solely from the action of nature.Disasters threatening the human race can be caused also by people themselves.Both types of disasters cause vast human suffering,at the same time destroying cultural heritage as well,that has the function of determining the identity of social communities.These sufferings should be added to those that can be determined only by in-depth analyses which are derived from the synergy of natural forces and mistaken choices made by the humans,when it comes to their habitat.The proposed strategic plan for protection of built heritage in emergency situations may become the powerful catalyst for the process of revitalization by which the social tissue of community is maintained and restored,creating the symbol of resistance by which it endures each and every natural element and evil men behaviour.
文摘Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.
文摘At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his school when he was eight,the third grader be-came a Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)advocate,educating his fel-low students and community members on early warning,evacua-tion,and search and rescue.
文摘This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive framework for empowering women who work in disaster risk governance in Sri Lanka.Women's empowerment in disaster risk governance has been identified as a strategy to reduce women's vulnerability to disasters and strengthen the disaster risk governance system towards building a resilient society.The study was conducted within the Sri Lankan disaster preparedness system because of the high disaster profile and the lower level of women's empowerment in the decision-making system.A case study strategy was employed for data collection.Three highly disaster-prone districts were selected and we conducted 26 semistructured case study interviews.In addition,14 expert interviews were conducted for better triangulating the results.Thematic analysis and cognitive mapping were adopted for data analysis and identifying strategies.Based on the study findings,a comprehensive framework was developed with four intervention mechanisms:individual,community,organizational,and legislative.Each group of interventions was divided into primary and secondary actions based on their priorities.The validated framework will guide policymakers and practitioners in supporting women's empowerment in governance with the ultimate objective of enhancing societal resilience.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273220 and 22205243)。
文摘Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and daily activities,and result in considerable economic losses.This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regions affected by these disasters,the preventive and responsive measures employed,recent advancements in key materials,and the challenges encountered.By doing so,we can gain a deeper understanding of the vital role,significant advantages,and untapped potential of key materials for effectively preventing and responding to snow and freezing disasters.Furthermore,promoting research and utilization of these materials not only contributes to the development of the safety and emergency equipment industry but also strengthens the supply of advanced and suitable safety and emergency equipment.
文摘The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)said that in the last five years,China has made big improvements in its weather services.This includes better weather forecasts and ways to protect people from disasters.
文摘Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident site,the causes of the lightning stroke accident were analyzed,and the corresponding rectification suggestions were put forward.
文摘The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,some countermeasures for meteorological services in the disaster prevention and mitigation of potatoes were proposed,such as strengthening intelligent and digital meteorological services,and building a full-chain meteorological service for the entire growth period of potatoes.The aim is to reduce the impact of disasters and increase the yield and quality of potatoes through intelligent and digital meteorological services.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFF1301500)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.32000352,32171485,and 32371741)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515010968)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.23lgzy002).
文摘Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.
文摘Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree classification rules through multi-source and multi-temporal feature fusion, classified groundobjects before the disaster and extracted flood information in the disaster area based on optical imagesduring the disaster, so as to achieve rapid acquisition of the disaster situation of each disaster bearing object.In the case of Qianliang Lake, which suffered from flooding in 2020, the results show that decision treeclassification algorithms based on multi-temporal features can effectively integrate multi-temporal and multispectralinformation to overcome the shortcomings of single-temporal image classification and achieveground-truth object classification.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71803149 and No.72271142)the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project(Grant No.22YJCZH110 and No.22XJC630007)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721904)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023JCYB607 and No.2024JC-YBQN-0758)the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023R290)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2025KG-YBXM-113)the Scientific Research Program Funded by The research institute of new urbanization and human settlement in Shaanxi Province of XAUAT(Grant No.2023SCZH14)。
文摘To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi Province where this largescale resettlement program was performed,has provided a model for observing and evaluating the impact of the resettlement project,both within Shaanxi Province and across other regions of China.As a place where a number of protection and development policies converge,the economic and social development of Ankang is confronted with multiple constraints.Measuring livelihood resilience and further evaluating its impact in this region is key to the delivery and output of disaster resettlement programs to improve human well-being.We attempted to empirically examine the significance and impact of livelihood resilience in the context of disaster resettlement.This study expanded the social–ecological system resilience theory to examine rural household livelihood systems.We used the spatial vector method and 657 field research data collected in July 2021 from Ankang Prefecture to measure the livelihood resilience of rural households and elucidate both general and specific aspects.The sustainable household well-being(SHWB)of rural households was measured in five dimensions concerning the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)report.In econometrics,we used coarsened exact matching(CEM)to stratify the sample and reduce the computational bias.We then applied group regression to test the effect of livelihood resilience on SHWB empirically.The findings indicate that:(1)livelihood resilience is significantly and positively related to SHWB,and it is conducive to the level of well-being;(2)disaster resettlement has a negative effect on SHWB;(3)energy and medical facilities in resettlement infrastructure and services play active roles in SHWB.These results have policy implications for strengthening livelihood resilience and improving human well-being and important implications for livelihood development in rural areas across China and other developing nations.
基金Supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(739578)the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Deputy Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digital Policy.
文摘Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.
基金DGAPA-UNAM for providing financial support to conduct landslide risk research through Project PAPIIT IN300823。
文摘Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271030)Fujian Provincial Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.2022J06018)“Young Eagle Plan”Top Talents of Fujian Province。
文摘Typhoon disasters threaten sustainable development in southeastern China due to their complex spatiotemporal chaining and compounding effects.However,characteristics of risk and exposure of compound typhoon disaster chains remain unclear,particularly across geographic scales.This study proposed a multi-scale risk assessment framework to analyze compound typhoon disaster chains,using Fujian Province—a high-risk coastal region in southeastern China—as a case study.We quantified risks and exposures of four disaster chains:typhoon-rainstorm-urban waterlogging(TRU),typhoon-rainstormflood(TRF),typhoon-rainstorm-landslide(TRL),and typhoon-strong wind-storm surge(TWS),across nested scales(grid,county,city,and basin).Key findings include:(1)Pronounced spatial heterogeneity exists in Fujian Province,with compound risk hotspots dominated by TRU(216.71 km2),TRF(872.43 km2),and TWS(263.69 km2)high-risk areas in eastern coastal areas,while inland mountainous regions are primarily affected by the TRL single chain(24,993 km2,20.4%of the total area of the province);(2)Approximately one-third of the provincial population(5.69 million)and GDP(RMB 552 billion yuan)are exposed to the high-risk zones of the TRF chain,whereas the TRU chain results in twice the exposure density of TRF,forming localized hotspots;(3)High-risk areas display dual patterns of single chain dominance and compound chain aggregation,with compound chain exposure densities 38–58 times higher(at population density 15,900 persons/km2)than single chain exposure density.Priority should be given to managing cascading risks of compound chains like TRU-TRF,alongside targeted interventions in multi-disaster hubs such as Fuzhou City and Jinjiang City.The findings advance our understanding of typhoon disaster risk compounding,informing targeted mitigation strategies and providing a framework for multi-hazard cascade analysis.
基金supported by the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(2023-JBKY-57)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077259)。
文摘Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From the night of July 21 to the morning of July 22,2024,the Kencho Shacha Gozdi Village in Gezei Gofa,Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples'Region,Ethiopia,suffered heavy rainfall that triggered two landslides.By July25,this event had claimed at least 257 lives.This study presents a detailed characterization of the landslides using multi-source data.By analyzing the landslide disaster process,this study summarizes key lessons and provides suggestions for preventing rainfall-induced geological hazards.The results indicate that rainfall has the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslides,while lithology and human activities have promoted and strengthened the landslide disaster.Despite the active disaster response in the local area,many problems were still exposed in the emergency response work.This analysis offers valuable insights for mitigating rainfall-induced geological hazards and enhancing emergency response capabilities.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Joint Fund for Changjiang River Water Science Research(U2340201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52239006)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0005).
文摘Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearwater floods or debris floods/flows,overlooking their evolutionary characteristics and compound impacts.This study presents a novel classification-based approach to investigate the formation and destructive mechanisms of a catastrophic composite disaster of flash flood and debris flow in the Dayao Gully(DYG)catchment in Hanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The event resulted in 14 fatalities,25 missing persons,and extensive infrastructure damage.Through comprehensive field investigations and multi-method analysis,three distinct disaster zones were identified with different magnitudes and impacts:(1)a clearwater flood disaster region with minimal geomorphological changes under a 5-year return period rainfall;(2)a debris flood disaster region triggered by a 30-year return period rainfall,leading to intense sediment transport with a total deposit volume of 52,511 m^(3);and(3)a sediment-induced flood disaster region characterized by significant riverbed aggradation and infrastructure destruction due to sediment-induced blockage effects.The results reveal that the cascading characteristics of this composite disaster were primarily driven by intense rainfall,enhanced sediment transport motivated by supracritical shear stress,and interactions with human infrastructure(e.g.,bridges and buildings).This classification-based approach provides a quantitative assessment of spatial characteristics of cascading flood disasters,offering new insights into their evolutionary characteristics and highlighting the necessity for targeted disaster mitigation strategies in sedimentprone mountainous regions.
基金funded by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(Grant No.2022xjkk0601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42471085,U22B2011)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB823)。
文摘Flash floods are characterized by their destructive power,rapid onset,and unpredictability,often causing severe damage to both natural environments and socioeconomic systems.Understanding the detailed disaster-causing mechanisms of flash floods is critical for eff ective disaster risk reduction.However,current studies have not captured the comprehensive circumstance of flash floods that integrates environment,hazard,and exposure from the perspective of disaster systems theory.To address the gap,this study established a systematic framework for comprehensively evaluating flash floods disaster-causing mechanisms in ungauged mountainous micro-watersheds by integrating multi-source data,including remote sensing observations,meteorological station data,unmanned aerial vehicle measurements,and participatory geographic information system data,with hydrological-hydrodynamic and statistical models.The proposed framework consists of four interconnected steps:design storm estimation,flash flood process simulation,critical rainfall calculation,and disaster loss evaluation.Through a case study conducted in Qialegeer Village,Xinjiang,China,we demonstrated the framework's applicability by reconstructing flash flood scenarios,including the 2017 event as well as those of 10 and 20 years return periods.The results demonstrate that our framework robustly and systematically elucidates flash flood disaster process in the region with high reliability.Furthermore,it is adaptable to other ungauged mountainous micro-watersheds.This framework ultimately serves to enhance disaster risk mitigation and build resilience in vulnerable mountainous communities.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0903-02National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFC3002902National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42201086。
文摘The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside construction in Southwest China.However,previous studies have not systematically summarized the development characteristics and formation modes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,which limits the development of theoretical and technical system for flood control.In this study,we focused on the physical processes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,including generation,movement,and disaster formation,and clarified the dominant disaster-inducing conditions(multiple humid monsoon circulation,high potential energy and high heterogenous underlying surface)and disaster development characteristics(high spatio-temporal heterogeneity,highly concentrated energy,chain and cascading effects,and clustered occurrence)of flash floods in the HMR.Based on the entire processes of flash flood disasters,three major formation modes have been summarized:the runoff generation mode of vegetation-hydrology-soil coupling dominated by high hydraulic gradient in mountainous areas,strong flow-sediment coupling movement,and serious disaster losses due to high exposure of disaster bearing objects.Finally,based on the issues in previous research,four future research challenges for flash flood disaster in the HMR were proposed.Our study provides insights into disaster prevention and reduction research,including fundamental theoretical system,precise risk assessment of regional disasters,and accurate early warning and forecasting of flash floods.
基金the support of the National Council of Humanities,Sciences,and Technologies(CONAHCYT)for awarding a student fellowship to Gema Velásquez-EspinozaDGAPA-UNAM for the financial support provided through Project PAPIIT IN300823。
文摘Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This study conducted a comparative analysis of institutional vulnerability at the municipal level in two hazard-prone regions:Teziutlán,Mexico,and Tola,Nicaragua.It employed comparative case study methods alongside structured surveys administered to local DRR actors.An integrated analytical framework was used,synthesizing the Pressure and Release model,the Forensic Investigations of Disasters approach,the MOVE framework,and the Institutional Analysis and Development model.The research identified key institutional vulnerabilities,including preparedness,coordination,information access,infrastructure,legal enforcement,climate integration,and informal governance.The findings indicate that the deficiencies within these institutions are not merely technical but are significantly influenced by systemic disparities in power,resource allocation,and political stability.Both municipalities exhibit notable gaps between formal DRR mandates and their operational implementation,reflecting a structural disjunction between institutions articulated in policy(institutions-in-form)and those in practice(institutions-inuse).The study concluded that eff ectively addressing institutional vulnerability necessitates transitioning from compliancedriven reforms towards integrated strategies that foster institutional learning,enhance cross-sectoral coordination,promote climate adaptation,and acknowledge informal and community-based governance structures.These findings off er policyrelevant insights for national and regional policymakers seeking to strengthen the institutional foundations of local DRR implementation within Latin America and comparable decentralized governance contexts.
文摘Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,nearly two years after it was struck by a catastrophic flood that left widespread destruction in its wake.My visit provided a unique opportunity to observe the ongoing recovery e!orts and evaluate how the district has leveraged coordinated planning,technology and the resilience of its people to rebuild.The purpose of the visit was to witness these recovery e!orts firsthand and gain insight into the strategies that have helped Mentougou overcome the lingering e!ects of this environmental disaster.
