Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 -...Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 - 15 years. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022 and affected all children aged 0 to 15 years old with a temperature of 39˚C or higher (≥), having less than five days and hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Results: During the study period, 150 children were included, the sex-ratio was 0.85. Children aged 0 - 5 years represented 71.4% of the sample. References represented more than half of the sample, or 58% of cases. Body temperature was above 40˚C in 18.7% of cases. Functional signs were dominated by respiratory signs in 28% and digestive signs in 18%. Clinical pallor was found in 55.3% of children associated with signs of respiratory struggle in 70% of cases and tachycardia in 40% of patients. Anemia was present in 65.3% of patients. Hyperleucocytosis and leukopenia were found in 45.3% and 43.3% of patients respectively. The C-reactive protein was positive in 44.7% of patients and Cytobacteriological Examination and Chemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid was positive in 8.7% of cases. The thick drop was positive in 44.7% of patients and blood cultures grew in 6 patients. Etiology was dominated by severe malaria 54 cases (36%), pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), and in those under one month it was bacterial neonatal infection (8.6%). In our study, slightly more than one patient out of three died during hospitalization, 36% (54 cases/150) and among these 70% (38 cases/54) were under 5 years old. The most lethal pathologies were severe malaria (36%), bacterial pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), bacterial neonatal infections (8.6%) and measles complicated by pneumonia (5.3%). Mortality during hospitalization was 36% of deaths (54 out of 150 patients) and 70.3% (38/54) of the deceased patients were under 5 years old. Conclusion: This study shows that fever is a frequent symptom and a sign of serious and very lethal pathologies. The cause of fever can be a diagnostic challenge for health workers. However, early identification of children at risk for serious illness could allow for prompt and appropriate management in appropriate settings.展开更多
【目的】明确甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)致病力分化情况。【方法】采用平板培养法和离体枝条接种法对Valsa mali两变种的培养性状和致病力进行了研究。【结果】Valsa mali在PDA上有褐色类群和乳白色类群,褐色类群为Valsa mali va...【目的】明确甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)致病力分化情况。【方法】采用平板培养法和离体枝条接种法对Valsa mali两变种的培养性状和致病力进行了研究。【结果】Valsa mali在PDA上有褐色类群和乳白色类群,褐色类群为Valsa mali var.mali菌株,乳白色类群为Valsa mali var.pyri菌株。Valsa mali var.mali不同菌株之间存在致病力分化,菌株PL-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为9.54 cm2,菌株TS-5致病力最弱,第7天时病斑面积为4.7 6cm2。Valsa mali var.pyri不同菌株之间也存在致病力分化,菌株WW-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为2.72 cm2,菌株WW-2致病力最弱,第7天病斑面积为1.40 cm2。Valsa mali在不同品种间致病力不同,在‘新红星’致病力强,在‘富士’致病力弱。Valsa mali不但侵染苹果树还可以侵染梨树和桃树,Valsa mali var.pyri菌株在梨树上的致病力强于Valsa mali var.mali。【结论】Valsa mali两变种间致病力差异显著,褐色类群菌株Valsa mali var.mali致病力强于乳白色类群菌株Valsa mali var.pyri,Valsa mali两变种内各菌株之间也存在致病力差异显著。展开更多
【目的】减弱苹果斑点落叶病菌Alternaria mali Roberts强毒菌株致病力,以期为有效防治该病害的发生提供理论依据.【方法】采用紫外及微波辐射两种方法对Alternaria mali Roberts进行诱变,研究其致病力的变化.【结果】紫外辐射剂量、辐...【目的】减弱苹果斑点落叶病菌Alternaria mali Roberts强毒菌株致病力,以期为有效防治该病害的发生提供理论依据.【方法】采用紫外及微波辐射两种方法对Alternaria mali Roberts进行诱变,研究其致病力的变化.【结果】紫外辐射剂量、辐射距离和时长分别为10 W、10cm、5min时,可引起A.mali强毒菌株的负突变,致病力减小,6h后孢子萌发率为58.45%,4d后生物学活性显著低于原始菌株(P<0.05),其中产孢量为2×104个/mL,菌丝生长量为152.67mg,菌落直径为3.67cm,7d后发病率38.50%,病情指数为10.32;微波辐射60s,A.mali强毒菌株达到最低生物学活性(P<0.05),6h后孢子萌发率仅为1.83%,4d后产孢量为4×104个/mL,菌丝生长量为139.30mg,菌落直径为3.83cm,7d后发病率为31.94%,病情指数仅为7.87.【结论】紫外辐射可使Alternaria mali强毒菌株发生负突变,微波辐射可使Alternaria mali强毒菌株致病力减弱.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established...[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established by feeling for the extraction methods of DNA, optimizing concentrations of the factors influencing the results of RAPD such as template DNA, Mg2＋, random primer, dNTPs and Taq polymerase, and screening the random primers. [Result] The optimum RAPD reaction system was 25.0 μl in total volume, containing 4.0-32.0 ng/μl of template DNA, 200.0 μg/L random primer, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋, 200.0 μmol/L dNTPs and 1.0 U of Taq enzyme. Then, the Thai Hom Mali rice and non-Thai Hom Mali rice can be distinguished according to the presence or absence of two DNA markers. [Conclusion] The RAPD technology can effectively cover the shortages of identifications by sense and boiling in water; in addition, it is simple, sensitive and low-cost, suitable to be used in routine tests.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to study the antifungal activity of biocontrol strains against Alternaria mali,colonization ability in apple leaves and the impact of some chemical fungicides on biocontrol strains were als...[Objective] The study aimed to study the antifungal activity of biocontrol strains against Alternaria mali,colonization ability in apple leaves and the impact of some chemical fungicides on biocontrol strains were also studied.[Method] Healthy leaves of Matsumotokin were collected to conduct vitro leaf test,colonization test and influence test of different fungicides on biocontrol strains.[Result] Vitro leaf test showed that B.subtilis BS-315 had strong inhibition effect on A.mali,when biocontrol strain was daubed on leaves,and pathogen was inoculated after 1 d,the inhibition effect of BS-315 against A.mali was over 90% after 3 d.BS-315 could colonize in leaves of Matsumotokin,colonization volume reached the maximum after inoculation for 3 d.Azoxystrobin and polyoxin had certain promoting effect on the growth of BS-315,while carbendazim and propiconazole completely inhibited the growth of BS-315.[Conclusion] This study would provide theoretical basis for development and rational utilization of biocontrol preparations.展开更多
基于以三星的Exynos5250处理器为核心的Arndale Board嵌入式开发平台,对集成于处理器上的Mali-T604嵌入式GPU的GPGPU(General-Purpose computation on GPU)技术进行研究,并对不同运算规模的浮点矩阵乘法进行并行加速优化,提供实际测试...基于以三星的Exynos5250处理器为核心的Arndale Board嵌入式开发平台,对集成于处理器上的Mali-T604嵌入式GPU的GPGPU(General-Purpose computation on GPU)技术进行研究,并对不同运算规模的浮点矩阵乘法进行并行加速优化,提供实际测试结果。Linux操作系统上的实验结果显示,基于Mali GPU的并行浮点矩阵乘法方案相对原始串行算法而言,效率显著提高,并且运算规模的增大可以显著提高并行性。展开更多
AIM:To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both diseases.METHODS:Two prospecti...AIM:To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both diseases.METHODS:Two prospective studies were conducted in Bamako in 2009 among 1000 pregnant women(i.e.,young women)who consulted six reference health centers,and in 2010,among 231 older women who attended general practice in two hospitals.Antibody tests and molecular analysis(performed only for HCV)were used to quantify the frequencies of both infections.The data were collected from patients recruited through a questionnaire.Transmission risk factors of both diseases were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:HCV seroprevalence was 0.2% for young and 6.5% for older women.HIV prevalence was similar in both populations(4.1% vs 6.1%).In older women,the analysis of risk factors highlighted an association between HCV infection and episodes of hospitalization(P < 0.01).The study did not show an association between HIV infection and the variables such as hospitalization,transfusion,tattoo,dental care,and endoscopy.A significant decrease of HIV seroprevalence was detected in young women who used condoms for contraception more than for other purposes(P < 0.01).By contrast,HIV seroprevalence was significantly increased in young women using condoms mainly to prevent sexual infections rather than for contraception(P < 0.01).No HCV/HIV coinfection was detected in our study.CONCLUSION:Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases.展开更多
Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CKD) is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for more than 3 months [1]. Infectious complications are a major source of morbidity in patients...Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CKD) is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for more than 3 months [1]. Infectious complications are a major source of morbidity in patients with chronic renal failure. In Mali, we have no data on pneumopathies in this population, hence the interest of this study. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of pneumopathies in patients with chronic renal failure, describe the clinical radio-types, identify the microorganisms involved, and assess the renal prognosis of pneumopathies. Materials and Methods: This was an 18-month prospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 conducted in the nephrology and hemodialysis department of the University Hospital of Point G. Included were patients hospitalized during our study period with CKD associated with pneumopathy on a chest X-ray. Not included were all patients hospitalized outside the study period, all CKD cases without pneumonia, patients with incomplete records, and non-consenting patients. Results: We examined 1111 patients, 35 of whom presented an image on chest X-ray related to pneumopathy, a frequency of 3.15% of cases. Twenty-one men (60%) and 14 women (40%) with a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 46.8 ± 13.9 years with extremes of 23 and 76 years. The types of pneumopathy on the chest X-ray were: alveolar pneumopathy: 23 cases (65.7%), pleuropneumopathy: 10 cases (28.6%) and cavitary pneumopathy: 2 cases (5.7%). Cytobacteriological sputum examination was positive in 65.7%;leukocytes (68.6% of cases). The germs found were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7% of cases), Escherica coli (11.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.7%), Citrobacter freundi (5.7%), Enterococus sp. (2.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Candida albicans (5.7%). The search for acid-alcohol-resistant bacilli (BAAR) in sputum was positive in 4 cases (11.4%). There was an association between the results of cytobacteriological examination of sputum and the results of BAAR testing of sputum (p = 0.046).展开更多
Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury...Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury surveillance data, this study quantifies the true impact of infectious diseases for this tropical mission and potential seasonal variations in infectious disease threats.Methods: Categorized health events during the EUTM MLI mission and associated lost working days were reported using the EpiNATO-2 report. Infection-related health events were descriptively analyzed for a 4-year period from the 12 th week in 2013 to the 13 th week in 2017. Aggregated EpiNATO-2 data collected from all missions other than EUTM MLI were used as a comparator.Results: Among the infectious diseases reported by EUTM MLI, non-severe upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal diseases dominated quantitatively, accounting for 1.65 and 1.42 consultations per 100 person-weeks, respectively. The number of recorded infectious disease-associated lost working days during the whole study interval was 723. Seasonal changes in disease frequency were detectable. More gastrointestinal infections were seen in the rainy season, and more respiratory infections occurred in the dry season; these were associated with peaks of more than 2.5 consultations per 100 person-weeks for both categories.Conclusion: Despite initial concerns focused on tropical infectious diseases during this mission in tropical Mali, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections predominate. The relatively low number of reported lost working days may indicate that these infections are at the milder end of the spectrum of infectious diseases despite a likely reporting bias.展开更多
In this Web 2.0 era,various and massive tourist experiences and reviews presented on social networks have become important information for tourism research.In this paper,we apply social media to explore and study the ...In this Web 2.0 era,various and massive tourist experiences and reviews presented on social networks have become important information for tourism research.In this paper,we apply social media to explore and study the tourism industry of Bamako,Mali.Over 2000 reviewers and their comments about Bamako’s hotels and restaurants from TripAdvisor and Facebook were collected.Also,we integrate official tourism statistic data and field surveying data into the online review dataset.Data mining and statistic method are used to analyze the data for purpose of exploring the characteristics about tourism industry in Bamako.And we find that:(i)Most tourists are coming to Bamako for business purpose,and they incline to choose the hotels with better service and security condition;(ii)Comments on social media would greatly affect travelers’choice on hotels;(iii)Most travelers are satisfied about Bamako’s accommodation services.展开更多
Pneumonia is the most common cause of mortality in child under five years of age. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children under 5 hospitalized for pneumonia....Pneumonia is the most common cause of mortality in child under five years of age. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children under 5 hospitalized for pneumonia. Material and method: We conducted a 6 months prospective study from June 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016 in the general pediatric service in the Pediatric Department of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. Result: We have selected 63 cases of pneumonia according to our definition criteria, i.e. 2.2% of hospitalizations for children aged 1 to 59 months. The average age was 14 months. Infants under 2 years accounted for 82.53%. The sex ratio was 1.2. Seventy eight percent came from an unfavorable socio-economic background. The majority of mothers were uneducated (71.42%). Breastfeeding was exclusive up to 6 months in 50.79% of patients. Vaccination according to the national program was not up to date in 27% of patients. The average consultation time was 18 days. On admission, 81% of the patients had a fever, 93.64% had a tachypnea and 58.73% had crackling rales at pulmonary auscultation. Hypoxemia was present in 58.73%. Severe anemia was present in 79.36%. Radiologically, opacity was found in 42 patients (66.66%). The blood culture was positive in 8.3%. Beta-lactams were first-line prescribed in all patients. The case fatality rate was 9.52%. The factors associated with mortality were age less than 14 months (p = 0.08), adverse socio-economic conditions (p = 0.0003) and the presence of hypoxemia at the entrance (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Pneumonia remains major cause of morbidity and mortality in our context. Emphasis should be put on preventive measures.展开更多
Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and e...Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary aspects of APIGN. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017 in the pediatric ward of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako. All children hospitalized for APIGN were included. Results: In two years, we included 10 children aged 7 years old on average;all from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The sex ratio was 1.5. On average, the children spent 15.8 days before our consultation. Edema was the main reason for consultation. We found a history of infection and high blood pressure in 30% each, and renal failure in 10% of the children. Hematuria and proteinuria were detected in 100% and 90%, respectively. Hypocomplementemia was observed in 66.6%. One third of the children had a positive antistreptolysin O. The average duration of hospital stay was 11.2 days. The evolution was favorable in 90%. Kidney failure was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is still a reality in our context. Emphasis should be put on its prevention by improving the hygienic conditions, detection and the management of infections.展开更多
<strong></strong><strong></strong>In Mali, chest injuries remain a real public health problem and are associated with heavy morbidity and mortality. Faced with a resurgence of urban civil viole...<strong></strong><strong></strong>In Mali, chest injuries remain a real public health problem and are associated with heavy morbidity and mortality. Faced with a resurgence of urban civil violence and the explosion of road accidents, we decided to conduct this study in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of thoracic trauma in the emergency department. <strong>Method and Material:</strong> This is a descriptive prospective study over a period of one year in the emergency department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. Including all patients admitted for thoracic trauma. <strong>Analysis and Entry: </strong>Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS software version 20.0. The test was significant for a p value < 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> We recorded 21,090 appeals in our structure among which 1284 patients were suspected of thoracic trauma. The diagnosis of thoracic trauma was retained in 119 (0.56%) patients. All patients were transported to the emergency room without prehospital medicalization. Clinical presentation was dominated by dyspnea in 54.6% of patients, however pain was the almost constant symptom in conscious victims. Various traumatic mechanisms had caused these lesions of the thorax, of which road traffic accidents represented half of the causes, followed by urban civil violence in 28.6% of patients. Landslides and falls from a great height were responsible for 19.5% of chest injuries. Open chest trauma was the type of lesion found in a third of the cases. This type of injury was exclusively due to blows and injuries during the brawls. Standard chest radiography was performed as the first intention in 60% of patients compared to 10.9% for the pleuropulmonary ultrasound. Thirteen patients required ventilatory assistance after orotracheal intubation. The average length of stay was 65.23 hours. During the period of our study, the overall mortality was 1.85% in the emergency departments with a lethality specific to chest trauma of 15%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urban violence with its share of ballistic wounds determined the severity of this condition.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent and of polymorphous clinical symptomatology in elderly subjects both in and out of hospital. In Mali, to our knowledge, no study c...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent and of polymorphous clinical symptomatology in elderly subjects both in and out of hospital. In Mali, to our knowledge, no study concerning UTIs in the elderly has been conducted, hence the interest in this innovative work. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence and clinical and paraclinical aspects of urinary tract infections in the elderly. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study from September 1, 2013 to August 31, 2014, <i>i.e. </i> duration of 12 months. All patients aged 65 years and over, hospitalized or ambulatory in the internal medicine department with a documented urinary tract infection were included. <strong>Results:</strong> We collected and examined 194 patients. The cytobacteriological study of urine (CBSU) was positive in 28 patients, <i>i.e. </i> a prevalence of 14.43%. The male sex represented 59.8% of the cases, the sex ratio was equal to 1.46. The age groups between 65 - 69 and 70 - 74 years were the most affected, respectively 28.57% and 39.28%. The main clinical signs were: asthenia, anorexia, dependence, fever, urinary burning, dysuria. Hospitalization was associated with urinary tract infection with P = 0.01. The group of enterobacteria were incriminated in 75% of cases. <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> represented 39.28%, 14.28% and 10.71% of cases. Urinary tract infections were represented by pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, orchi-epididymitis and simple cystitis. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urinary tract infection is frequent in the elderly, its clinical presentation is polymorphic and enterobacteria are the most incriminated group of bacteria.展开更多
We presented the case of a 64 year old from Mali who was admitted to the hospital for "oozing sub-cutaneous masses".The diagnosis of African histoplasmosis was established by serology. Several courses of amp...We presented the case of a 64 year old from Mali who was admitted to the hospital for "oozing sub-cutaneous masses".The diagnosis of African histoplasmosis was established by serology. Several courses of amphotericin B resulted in a cure with sequellae.展开更多
文摘Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 - 15 years. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022 and affected all children aged 0 to 15 years old with a temperature of 39˚C or higher (≥), having less than five days and hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Results: During the study period, 150 children were included, the sex-ratio was 0.85. Children aged 0 - 5 years represented 71.4% of the sample. References represented more than half of the sample, or 58% of cases. Body temperature was above 40˚C in 18.7% of cases. Functional signs were dominated by respiratory signs in 28% and digestive signs in 18%. Clinical pallor was found in 55.3% of children associated with signs of respiratory struggle in 70% of cases and tachycardia in 40% of patients. Anemia was present in 65.3% of patients. Hyperleucocytosis and leukopenia were found in 45.3% and 43.3% of patients respectively. The C-reactive protein was positive in 44.7% of patients and Cytobacteriological Examination and Chemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid was positive in 8.7% of cases. The thick drop was positive in 44.7% of patients and blood cultures grew in 6 patients. Etiology was dominated by severe malaria 54 cases (36%), pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), and in those under one month it was bacterial neonatal infection (8.6%). In our study, slightly more than one patient out of three died during hospitalization, 36% (54 cases/150) and among these 70% (38 cases/54) were under 5 years old. The most lethal pathologies were severe malaria (36%), bacterial pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), bacterial neonatal infections (8.6%) and measles complicated by pneumonia (5.3%). Mortality during hospitalization was 36% of deaths (54 out of 150 patients) and 70.3% (38/54) of the deceased patients were under 5 years old. Conclusion: This study shows that fever is a frequent symptom and a sign of serious and very lethal pathologies. The cause of fever can be a diagnostic challenge for health workers. However, early identification of children at risk for serious illness could allow for prompt and appropriate management in appropriate settings.
文摘【目的】明确甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)致病力分化情况。【方法】采用平板培养法和离体枝条接种法对Valsa mali两变种的培养性状和致病力进行了研究。【结果】Valsa mali在PDA上有褐色类群和乳白色类群,褐色类群为Valsa mali var.mali菌株,乳白色类群为Valsa mali var.pyri菌株。Valsa mali var.mali不同菌株之间存在致病力分化,菌株PL-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为9.54 cm2,菌株TS-5致病力最弱,第7天时病斑面积为4.7 6cm2。Valsa mali var.pyri不同菌株之间也存在致病力分化,菌株WW-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为2.72 cm2,菌株WW-2致病力最弱,第7天病斑面积为1.40 cm2。Valsa mali在不同品种间致病力不同,在‘新红星’致病力强,在‘富士’致病力弱。Valsa mali不但侵染苹果树还可以侵染梨树和桃树,Valsa mali var.pyri菌株在梨树上的致病力强于Valsa mali var.mali。【结论】Valsa mali两变种间致病力差异显著,褐色类群菌株Valsa mali var.mali致病力强于乳白色类群菌株Valsa mali var.pyri,Valsa mali两变种内各菌株之间也存在致病力差异显著。
文摘【目的】减弱苹果斑点落叶病菌Alternaria mali Roberts强毒菌株致病力,以期为有效防治该病害的发生提供理论依据.【方法】采用紫外及微波辐射两种方法对Alternaria mali Roberts进行诱变,研究其致病力的变化.【结果】紫外辐射剂量、辐射距离和时长分别为10 W、10cm、5min时,可引起A.mali强毒菌株的负突变,致病力减小,6h后孢子萌发率为58.45%,4d后生物学活性显著低于原始菌株(P<0.05),其中产孢量为2×104个/mL,菌丝生长量为152.67mg,菌落直径为3.67cm,7d后发病率38.50%,病情指数为10.32;微波辐射60s,A.mali强毒菌株达到最低生物学活性(P<0.05),6h后孢子萌发率仅为1.83%,4d后产孢量为4×104个/mL,菌丝生长量为139.30mg,菌落直径为3.83cm,7d后发病率为31.94%,病情指数仅为7.87.【结论】紫外辐射可使Alternaria mali强毒菌株发生负突变,微波辐射可使Alternaria mali强毒菌株致病力减弱.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to establish more specific, sensitive, accurate and practical method to detect purity of Thai Hom Mali rice. [Method] RAPD method cooperated with two primers of KDML105 and RD15 was established by feeling for the extraction methods of DNA, optimizing concentrations of the factors influencing the results of RAPD such as template DNA, Mg2＋, random primer, dNTPs and Taq polymerase, and screening the random primers. [Result] The optimum RAPD reaction system was 25.0 μl in total volume, containing 4.0-32.0 ng/μl of template DNA, 200.0 μg/L random primer, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2＋, 200.0 μmol/L dNTPs and 1.0 U of Taq enzyme. Then, the Thai Hom Mali rice and non-Thai Hom Mali rice can be distinguished according to the presence or absence of two DNA markers. [Conclusion] The RAPD technology can effectively cover the shortages of identifications by sense and boiling in water; in addition, it is simple, sensitive and low-cost, suitable to be used in routine tests.
基金Supported by State Apple Industry Technology System ProjectDepartment of Education Research Projects in Hebei Province(2006432)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to study the antifungal activity of biocontrol strains against Alternaria mali,colonization ability in apple leaves and the impact of some chemical fungicides on biocontrol strains were also studied.[Method] Healthy leaves of Matsumotokin were collected to conduct vitro leaf test,colonization test and influence test of different fungicides on biocontrol strains.[Result] Vitro leaf test showed that B.subtilis BS-315 had strong inhibition effect on A.mali,when biocontrol strain was daubed on leaves,and pathogen was inoculated after 1 d,the inhibition effect of BS-315 against A.mali was over 90% after 3 d.BS-315 could colonize in leaves of Matsumotokin,colonization volume reached the maximum after inoculation for 3 d.Azoxystrobin and polyoxin had certain promoting effect on the growth of BS-315,while carbendazim and propiconazole completely inhibited the growth of BS-315.[Conclusion] This study would provide theoretical basis for development and rational utilization of biocontrol preparations.
文摘AIM:To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both diseases.METHODS:Two prospective studies were conducted in Bamako in 2009 among 1000 pregnant women(i.e.,young women)who consulted six reference health centers,and in 2010,among 231 older women who attended general practice in two hospitals.Antibody tests and molecular analysis(performed only for HCV)were used to quantify the frequencies of both infections.The data were collected from patients recruited through a questionnaire.Transmission risk factors of both diseases were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:HCV seroprevalence was 0.2% for young and 6.5% for older women.HIV prevalence was similar in both populations(4.1% vs 6.1%).In older women,the analysis of risk factors highlighted an association between HCV infection and episodes of hospitalization(P < 0.01).The study did not show an association between HIV infection and the variables such as hospitalization,transfusion,tattoo,dental care,and endoscopy.A significant decrease of HIV seroprevalence was detected in young women who used condoms for contraception more than for other purposes(P < 0.01).By contrast,HIV seroprevalence was significantly increased in young women using condoms mainly to prevent sexual infections rather than for contraception(P < 0.01).No HCV/HIV coinfection was detected in our study.CONCLUSION:Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases.
文摘Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CKD) is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for more than 3 months [1]. Infectious complications are a major source of morbidity in patients with chronic renal failure. In Mali, we have no data on pneumopathies in this population, hence the interest of this study. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of pneumopathies in patients with chronic renal failure, describe the clinical radio-types, identify the microorganisms involved, and assess the renal prognosis of pneumopathies. Materials and Methods: This was an 18-month prospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 conducted in the nephrology and hemodialysis department of the University Hospital of Point G. Included were patients hospitalized during our study period with CKD associated with pneumopathy on a chest X-ray. Not included were all patients hospitalized outside the study period, all CKD cases without pneumonia, patients with incomplete records, and non-consenting patients. Results: We examined 1111 patients, 35 of whom presented an image on chest X-ray related to pneumopathy, a frequency of 3.15% of cases. Twenty-one men (60%) and 14 women (40%) with a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 46.8 ± 13.9 years with extremes of 23 and 76 years. The types of pneumopathy on the chest X-ray were: alveolar pneumopathy: 23 cases (65.7%), pleuropneumopathy: 10 cases (28.6%) and cavitary pneumopathy: 2 cases (5.7%). Cytobacteriological sputum examination was positive in 65.7%;leukocytes (68.6% of cases). The germs found were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7% of cases), Escherica coli (11.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.7%), Citrobacter freundi (5.7%), Enterococus sp. (2.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Candida albicans (5.7%). The search for acid-alcohol-resistant bacilli (BAAR) in sputum was positive in 4 cases (11.4%). There was an association between the results of cytobacteriological examination of sputum and the results of BAAR testing of sputum (p = 0.046).
文摘Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury surveillance data, this study quantifies the true impact of infectious diseases for this tropical mission and potential seasonal variations in infectious disease threats.Methods: Categorized health events during the EUTM MLI mission and associated lost working days were reported using the EpiNATO-2 report. Infection-related health events were descriptively analyzed for a 4-year period from the 12 th week in 2013 to the 13 th week in 2017. Aggregated EpiNATO-2 data collected from all missions other than EUTM MLI were used as a comparator.Results: Among the infectious diseases reported by EUTM MLI, non-severe upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal diseases dominated quantitatively, accounting for 1.65 and 1.42 consultations per 100 person-weeks, respectively. The number of recorded infectious disease-associated lost working days during the whole study interval was 723. Seasonal changes in disease frequency were detectable. More gastrointestinal infections were seen in the rainy season, and more respiratory infections occurred in the dry season; these were associated with peaks of more than 2.5 consultations per 100 person-weeks for both categories.Conclusion: Despite initial concerns focused on tropical infectious diseases during this mission in tropical Mali, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections predominate. The relatively low number of reported lost working days may indicate that these infections are at the milder end of the spectrum of infectious diseases despite a likely reporting bias.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2017YFB0503700)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grant number 41501439).
文摘In this Web 2.0 era,various and massive tourist experiences and reviews presented on social networks have become important information for tourism research.In this paper,we apply social media to explore and study the tourism industry of Bamako,Mali.Over 2000 reviewers and their comments about Bamako’s hotels and restaurants from TripAdvisor and Facebook were collected.Also,we integrate official tourism statistic data and field surveying data into the online review dataset.Data mining and statistic method are used to analyze the data for purpose of exploring the characteristics about tourism industry in Bamako.And we find that:(i)Most tourists are coming to Bamako for business purpose,and they incline to choose the hotels with better service and security condition;(ii)Comments on social media would greatly affect travelers’choice on hotels;(iii)Most travelers are satisfied about Bamako’s accommodation services.
文摘Pneumonia is the most common cause of mortality in child under five years of age. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children under 5 hospitalized for pneumonia. Material and method: We conducted a 6 months prospective study from June 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016 in the general pediatric service in the Pediatric Department of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. Result: We have selected 63 cases of pneumonia according to our definition criteria, i.e. 2.2% of hospitalizations for children aged 1 to 59 months. The average age was 14 months. Infants under 2 years accounted for 82.53%. The sex ratio was 1.2. Seventy eight percent came from an unfavorable socio-economic background. The majority of mothers were uneducated (71.42%). Breastfeeding was exclusive up to 6 months in 50.79% of patients. Vaccination according to the national program was not up to date in 27% of patients. The average consultation time was 18 days. On admission, 81% of the patients had a fever, 93.64% had a tachypnea and 58.73% had crackling rales at pulmonary auscultation. Hypoxemia was present in 58.73%. Severe anemia was present in 79.36%. Radiologically, opacity was found in 42 patients (66.66%). The blood culture was positive in 8.3%. Beta-lactams were first-line prescribed in all patients. The case fatality rate was 9.52%. The factors associated with mortality were age less than 14 months (p = 0.08), adverse socio-economic conditions (p = 0.0003) and the presence of hypoxemia at the entrance (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Pneumonia remains major cause of morbidity and mortality in our context. Emphasis should be put on preventive measures.
文摘Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary aspects of APIGN. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017 in the pediatric ward of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako. All children hospitalized for APIGN were included. Results: In two years, we included 10 children aged 7 years old on average;all from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The sex ratio was 1.5. On average, the children spent 15.8 days before our consultation. Edema was the main reason for consultation. We found a history of infection and high blood pressure in 30% each, and renal failure in 10% of the children. Hematuria and proteinuria were detected in 100% and 90%, respectively. Hypocomplementemia was observed in 66.6%. One third of the children had a positive antistreptolysin O. The average duration of hospital stay was 11.2 days. The evolution was favorable in 90%. Kidney failure was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is still a reality in our context. Emphasis should be put on its prevention by improving the hygienic conditions, detection and the management of infections.
文摘<strong></strong><strong></strong>In Mali, chest injuries remain a real public health problem and are associated with heavy morbidity and mortality. Faced with a resurgence of urban civil violence and the explosion of road accidents, we decided to conduct this study in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of thoracic trauma in the emergency department. <strong>Method and Material:</strong> This is a descriptive prospective study over a period of one year in the emergency department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. Including all patients admitted for thoracic trauma. <strong>Analysis and Entry: </strong>Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS software version 20.0. The test was significant for a p value < 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> We recorded 21,090 appeals in our structure among which 1284 patients were suspected of thoracic trauma. The diagnosis of thoracic trauma was retained in 119 (0.56%) patients. All patients were transported to the emergency room without prehospital medicalization. Clinical presentation was dominated by dyspnea in 54.6% of patients, however pain was the almost constant symptom in conscious victims. Various traumatic mechanisms had caused these lesions of the thorax, of which road traffic accidents represented half of the causes, followed by urban civil violence in 28.6% of patients. Landslides and falls from a great height were responsible for 19.5% of chest injuries. Open chest trauma was the type of lesion found in a third of the cases. This type of injury was exclusively due to blows and injuries during the brawls. Standard chest radiography was performed as the first intention in 60% of patients compared to 10.9% for the pleuropulmonary ultrasound. Thirteen patients required ventilatory assistance after orotracheal intubation. The average length of stay was 65.23 hours. During the period of our study, the overall mortality was 1.85% in the emergency departments with a lethality specific to chest trauma of 15%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urban violence with its share of ballistic wounds determined the severity of this condition.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent and of polymorphous clinical symptomatology in elderly subjects both in and out of hospital. In Mali, to our knowledge, no study concerning UTIs in the elderly has been conducted, hence the interest in this innovative work. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the prevalence and clinical and paraclinical aspects of urinary tract infections in the elderly. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study from September 1, 2013 to August 31, 2014, <i>i.e. </i> duration of 12 months. All patients aged 65 years and over, hospitalized or ambulatory in the internal medicine department with a documented urinary tract infection were included. <strong>Results:</strong> We collected and examined 194 patients. The cytobacteriological study of urine (CBSU) was positive in 28 patients, <i>i.e. </i> a prevalence of 14.43%. The male sex represented 59.8% of the cases, the sex ratio was equal to 1.46. The age groups between 65 - 69 and 70 - 74 years were the most affected, respectively 28.57% and 39.28%. The main clinical signs were: asthenia, anorexia, dependence, fever, urinary burning, dysuria. Hospitalization was associated with urinary tract infection with P = 0.01. The group of enterobacteria were incriminated in 75% of cases. <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> represented 39.28%, 14.28% and 10.71% of cases. Urinary tract infections were represented by pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, orchi-epididymitis and simple cystitis. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urinary tract infection is frequent in the elderly, its clinical presentation is polymorphic and enterobacteria are the most incriminated group of bacteria.
文摘We presented the case of a 64 year old from Mali who was admitted to the hospital for "oozing sub-cutaneous masses".The diagnosis of African histoplasmosis was established by serology. Several courses of amphotericin B resulted in a cure with sequellae.
