Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytop...Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.展开更多
Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abno...Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).展开更多
Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in m...Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.展开更多
The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop development.DNA methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and ge...The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop development.DNA methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and gene expression,and the enzyme involved,DNA methyltransferase,executes the methylation process within the plant genome.By regulating crucial biological pathways,epigenetic changes actively contribute to the creation of the phenotype.Therefore,epigenome editing may assist in overcoming some of the drawbacks of genome editing,which can have minor off-target consequences and merely facilitate the loss of a gene’s function.These drawbacks include gene knockout,which can have such off-target effects.This review provides examples of several molecular characteristics of DNA methylation,as well as some plant physiological processes that are impacted by these epigenetic changes in the plants.We also discuss how DNA alterations might be used to improve crops and meet the demands of sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming.展开更多
Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been pro...Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.展开更多
Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatur...Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.展开更多
LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gen...LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among KJ5418A//911289/LK783 F 1 population, respectively. Four hundred and eighteen RAPD primers and 33 ISSR primers were used for screening polymorphisms between the two pools, and amplification bands using a RAPD primer of OPK18 and an ISSR primer of UBC-845 were found polymorphic between the two pools. Linkage analysis showed that OPK18 450 and UBC-845 800 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783. The distance between the restoring gene and OPK18 450 was (15.07±6.28) cM (centiMorgan), with the distance between the restoring gene and UBC-845 800 being (8.20±4.85) cM. The marker of UBC-845 800 was located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying nulli-tetrasomics and 1B ditelosomics of Chinese Spring with the primer of UBC-845, indicating that the restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility of wheat would be facilitated by using the two markers.展开更多
Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 o...Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 of a Mine hybrid rice production system. In the restorer line, Ce64, the developing microsporocytes have dense cytoplasm and a distinct set of circumferential microtubules around the nucleus. Successive cytokinesis results in the formation of tetrads. The microtubules within the cells of tetrads and microspores radiate from the surface of the nucleus towards the outer edge of the cytoplasm. Subsequent pollen development is normal. During the course of microspore formation tubulin speckles can be found in the cytoplasm. The general pattern of development and microtubule organization in the maintainer lined Zhen Shan 97B, is similar to Ce64, except that a few more tubulin speckles appear during microspore formation. In the case of the mate sterile line, Zhen Shan 97A, a number of abnormalities can be discerned during early microsporogenesis. These include vacuoles forming within the developing microsporocyte and faintly stained microtubules with no defined distribution pattern. Prominent tubulin speckles are common within the cytoplasm. For those microsporocytes that undergo meiosis, no defined organizational patterns of microtubules can be found within the tetrad. All microspores abort soon after. Abnormalities and defects in microtubule organization observed in Zhen Shan 97A showed that complex interactions between the cytoplasm and the nucleus began at very early stage of microsporocyte development.展开更多
[ Objective] In order to study the relation between the HSPTO gene and male sterility of plant further. [ Methods ] Anther specific expression promoter Osg6B of rice was coloned by PCR then connected with HSP70 antise...[ Objective] In order to study the relation between the HSPTO gene and male sterility of plant further. [ Methods ] Anther specific expression promoter Osg6B of rice was coloned by PCR then connected with HSP70 antisense fragment to construct HSPTO antisense expression vector. The expression vector was identified by PCR experiment and enzyme digestion. [ Result] The sequence of coloned Osg6B promoter had 97% homology to the published sequence, and the cis-regulatory element in promoter area was integrated. HSP70 antisense expression vector driven by the promoter Osg6B was confired by colony PCR and enzyme digestion. [ Conclusion] The construction of expression vector would lay solid foundation for utilization of genetic engineering male sterility of plant.展开更多
Botanical features of "YX-1" reproductive organ and bearing rate by number of pollen granules in pollen sacs of Lycium chinensis was observed and researched through field investigation, smear preparation and...Botanical features of "YX-1" reproductive organ and bearing rate by number of pollen granules in pollen sacs of Lycium chinensis was observed and researched through field investigation, smear preparation and paraffin sections. YX-1 of Lycium chinensis was determined as incomplete male sterility and further classified into complete sterile type, sterile type I and sterile type II. The fertility standard of male sterility of Lycium chinensis was preliminarily proposed to establish a basis for crossbreeding of male sterility of Lycium chinensis.展开更多
Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March（1961-2010） accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility（TGMS） rice was m...Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March（1961-2010） accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility（TGMS） rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, mor...[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S（rr）, this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.展开更多
Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of ...Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of 2013-2014 in Chongqing. The results showed that 3 years average yield was 4 167.5 kg/hm2, which was increased 10.5% compared with CK Yumai 7, 1 000-grain weight was 45.8 g, which was 1.7 g heavier than the control; grain number per ear was 39.3, more than 1.6 grains compared with CK. The results of 2 years quality determination were： bulk density of 811 g/L, falling number of 353 s, crude protein of 15.15%, wet gluten of 31.2%, water adsorption of 62.9 ml/100 g, formation time of 5.5 min, stable time of 6.5 min, softening degree of 90 F.U., and powder quality coefficient of 96 mm. Therefore, Xinan 112 is a high yield and high protein gluten wheat variety and is suitable for cultivated in Chongqing and climate contion similar areas.展开更多
This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation ...This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.展开更多
Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in t...Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in two-line hybrid breeding. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the molecular nature of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility has been revealed, which lays the foundation for further devel- opment and utilization of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of fertility conversion of plant thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were reviewed from gene molecular mapping and gene differential ex- pression, and the mechanisms of gene differential expression in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were further discussed.展开更多
Male sterile genes and mutants are valuable resources in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops.High genetic redundancy due to allohexaploidy makes it difficult to obtain the nuclear recessive male sterile mutan...Male sterile genes and mutants are valuable resources in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops.High genetic redundancy due to allohexaploidy makes it difficult to obtain the nuclear recessive male sterile mutants through spontaneous mutation or chemical or physical mutagenesis methods in wheat.The emerging effective genome editing tool,CRISPR/Cas9 system,makes it possible to achieve simultaneous mutagenesis in multiple homoeoalleles.To improve the genome modification efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in wheat,we compared four different RNA polymerase(Pol)Ⅲpromoters(TaU3 p,TaU6 p,OsU3 p,and OsU6 p)and three types of sgRNA scaffold in the protoplast system.We show that the TaU3 promoter-driven optimized sgRNA scaffold was most effective.The optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit three TaNP1 homoeoalleles,whose orthologs,OsNP1 in rice and ZmIPE1 in maize,encode a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase and are required for male sterility.Triple homozygous mutations in TaNP1 genes result in complete male sterility.We further demonstrated that anyone wild-type copy of the three TaNP1 genes is sufficient for maintenance of male fertility.Taken together,this study provides an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector for wheat genome editing and a complete male sterile mutant for development of a commercially viable hybrid wheat seed production system.展开更多
Utilization of a two-line breeding system via photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility has a great potential for hybrid production in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. 337S is a novel wheat male sterile line sensitiv...Utilization of a two-line breeding system via photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility has a great potential for hybrid production in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. 337S is a novel wheat male sterile line sensitive to both short daylength/Iow temperature and long daylength/high temperature. Five F2 populations derived from the crosses between 337S and five common wheat varieties were developed for genetic analysis. All Fl＇s were highly fertile while segregation occurred in the F2 populations with a ratio of 3 fertile：l sterile under short daylength/Iow temperature. It is shown that male sterility in 337S was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated as wptms3. Bulked segregant analysis （BSA） coupled with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers was applied to map the sterile gene using one mapping population. The wptms3 gene was mapped to chromosome arm 1BS and flanked byXgwm413 and Xgwm182 at a genetic distance of 3.2 and 23.5 cM, respectively. The accuracy and efficiency of marker-assisted selection were evaluated and proved essential for identifying homozygous recessive male sterile genotypes of the wptms3 gene in F2 generation.展开更多
LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatel-lite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established us...LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatel-lite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population, respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18, Xgwm264a and Xgwm273 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54 ± 4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5. 71 ± 4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome IBS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on IBS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.展开更多
To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui ...To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.展开更多
The Nsa cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system confers stable male sterility and offers great potential for production of hybrid seeds in oilseed rape. However, genes responsible for male sterility in Nsa CMS have not...The Nsa cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system confers stable male sterility and offers great potential for production of hybrid seeds in oilseed rape. However, genes responsible for male sterility in Nsa CMS have not been identified. By mitochondrial genome sequencing of Nsa CMS and its maintainer line,we identified in an Nsa CMS line several chimeric genes encoding hypothetical proteins harboring transmembrane domains. One novel chimeric gene orf346 showed high identity with cox1 at the 50 terminal region and was co-transcribed with nad3 and rps12 genes. Transgenic plants of orf346 fused with or without mitochondrial targeting peptide conferred complete male sterility in Arabidopsis. ORF346 was mitochondrion-localized. Expression of orf346 in Escherichia coli inhibited bacterial growth, with excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ATP content. These results reveal a link between the newly identified mitochondrial gene orf346 and the abortion of Nsa CMS. Inadequate energy supply and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species may account for pollen abortion in Nsa CMS plants.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930032)。
文摘Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.
基金supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program‘Strategic Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation’Key Special Project(Grant No.2023YFE0206900)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the 111 project(B17043)the Project of Yazhouwan Scientific,Technological Administration of Sanya.
文摘Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472185)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022BFE003)the Hubei Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Center program,and the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01-07).
文摘Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.
文摘The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop development.DNA methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and gene expression,and the enzyme involved,DNA methyltransferase,executes the methylation process within the plant genome.By regulating crucial biological pathways,epigenetic changes actively contribute to the creation of the phenotype.Therefore,epigenome editing may assist in overcoming some of the drawbacks of genome editing,which can have minor off-target consequences and merely facilitate the loss of a gene’s function.These drawbacks include gene knockout,which can have such off-target effects.This review provides examples of several molecular characteristics of DNA methylation,as well as some plant physiological processes that are impacted by these epigenetic changes in the plants.We also discuss how DNA alterations might be used to improve crops and meet the demands of sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming.
基金supported by the Fund for the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(2023ZD04038)the Key Project for Agricultural Breakthrough in Core Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(NYHXGG,2023AA102)the Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)。
文摘Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources.However,only a few cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges,like inadequate variation of agronomic traits,incomplete sterility,weak resilience of restorer lines,and difficulty in combining strong dominance.Therefore,the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid breeding.Results Two F_(2) segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines(HaA and 01A,maternal)and restorer lines(HaR and 26R,paternal).Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants.Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants.However,sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs,shortened filament lengths,and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants.When performed scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the two F_(2) populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis.Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation.Interestingly,between the pollen maturation and flowering stages,the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely,resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen degradation.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene.Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology,which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers.Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering,indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion.Overall,our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigation of the dominant configuration of cotton hybrid combinations,mechanisms of sterility,and the role of sterile and restorer genes.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National 863 Program of China(200lAA211l7l,2002AA207001 and 2004AA2l109l1)National Sci-Tech Achievement Transformation Foundation of China(03EFN 2l6900283).
文摘Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.
文摘LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among KJ5418A//911289/LK783 F 1 population, respectively. Four hundred and eighteen RAPD primers and 33 ISSR primers were used for screening polymorphisms between the two pools, and amplification bands using a RAPD primer of OPK18 and an ISSR primer of UBC-845 were found polymorphic between the two pools. Linkage analysis showed that OPK18 450 and UBC-845 800 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783. The distance between the restoring gene and OPK18 450 was (15.07±6.28) cM (centiMorgan), with the distance between the restoring gene and UBC-845 800 being (8.20±4.85) cM. The marker of UBC-845 800 was located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying nulli-tetrasomics and 1B ditelosomics of Chinese Spring with the primer of UBC-845, indicating that the restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility of wheat would be facilitated by using the two markers.
文摘Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 of a Mine hybrid rice production system. In the restorer line, Ce64, the developing microsporocytes have dense cytoplasm and a distinct set of circumferential microtubules around the nucleus. Successive cytokinesis results in the formation of tetrads. The microtubules within the cells of tetrads and microspores radiate from the surface of the nucleus towards the outer edge of the cytoplasm. Subsequent pollen development is normal. During the course of microspore formation tubulin speckles can be found in the cytoplasm. The general pattern of development and microtubule organization in the maintainer lined Zhen Shan 97B, is similar to Ce64, except that a few more tubulin speckles appear during microspore formation. In the case of the mate sterile line, Zhen Shan 97A, a number of abnormalities can be discerned during early microsporogenesis. These include vacuoles forming within the developing microsporocyte and faintly stained microtubules with no defined distribution pattern. Prominent tubulin speckles are common within the cytoplasm. For those microsporocytes that undergo meiosis, no defined organizational patterns of microtubules can be found within the tetrad. All microspores abort soon after. Abnormalities and defects in microtubule organization observed in Zhen Shan 97A showed that complex interactions between the cytoplasm and the nucleus began at very early stage of microsporocyte development.
基金the National Natural Foundation of China (30400283)~~
文摘[ Objective] In order to study the relation between the HSPTO gene and male sterility of plant further. [ Methods ] Anther specific expression promoter Osg6B of rice was coloned by PCR then connected with HSP70 antisense fragment to construct HSPTO antisense expression vector. The expression vector was identified by PCR experiment and enzyme digestion. [ Result] The sequence of coloned Osg6B promoter had 97% homology to the published sequence, and the cis-regulatory element in promoter area was integrated. HSP70 antisense expression vector driven by the promoter Osg6B was confired by colony PCR and enzyme digestion. [ Conclusion] The construction of expression vector would lay solid foundation for utilization of genetic engineering male sterility of plant.
基金Supported by 2009 Program of State Ethnic Affairs Commission(09XBE)the foundation of Beijing Nationality University(2006Y038)~~
文摘Botanical features of "YX-1" reproductive organ and bearing rate by number of pollen granules in pollen sacs of Lycium chinensis was observed and researched through field investigation, smear preparation and paraffin sections. YX-1 of Lycium chinensis was determined as incomplete male sterility and further classified into complete sterile type, sterile type I and sterile type II. The fertility standard of male sterility of Lycium chinensis was preliminarily proposed to establish a basis for crossbreeding of male sterility of Lycium chinensis.
基金Supported by the Project of Meteorological Service Website Construction for HainanBreeding(Qiong Nong Ji Cai No.[2013]18 of Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture)~~
文摘Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March（1961-2010） accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility（TGMS） rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(200711020307)Public Industry ( Agriculture)Specific Re-search Program of Ministry of Agriculture (nyhyzx07-010)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S（rr）, this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.
基金Supported by the Major Project for Application in Chongqing(cstc2013yylf B80012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2016A020)~~
文摘Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of 2013-2014 in Chongqing. The results showed that 3 years average yield was 4 167.5 kg/hm2, which was increased 10.5% compared with CK Yumai 7, 1 000-grain weight was 45.8 g, which was 1.7 g heavier than the control; grain number per ear was 39.3, more than 1.6 grains compared with CK. The results of 2 years quality determination were： bulk density of 811 g/L, falling number of 353 s, crude protein of 15.15%, wet gluten of 31.2%, water adsorption of 62.9 ml/100 g, formation time of 5.5 min, stable time of 6.5 min, softening degree of 90 F.U., and powder quality coefficient of 96 mm. Therefore, Xinan 112 is a high yield and high protein gluten wheat variety and is suitable for cultivated in Chongqing and climate contion similar areas.
基金Supported by the Planning Subject of"the Twelfth Five-Year-Plan"in National Science and Technology for the Rural Development in China(2011BAD35B07)the Job Subsidies for the Experts in Staple Vegetable Breeding of Vegetable Industry of Hunan Province+1 种基金the"the Twelfth Five-Year-Plan"of National Science and Technology Support Plan(2012BAD02B02)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in Public Interest(201303028)~~
文摘This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160289)~~
文摘Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in two-line hybrid breeding. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the molecular nature of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility has been revealed, which lays the foundation for further devel- opment and utilization of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of fertility conversion of plant thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were reviewed from gene molecular mapping and gene differential ex- pression, and the mechanisms of gene differential expression in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were further discussed.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2016ZX08010001 and 2016ZX08010002)Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and Beijing Natural Science Foundation(19530290014)。
文摘Male sterile genes and mutants are valuable resources in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops.High genetic redundancy due to allohexaploidy makes it difficult to obtain the nuclear recessive male sterile mutants through spontaneous mutation or chemical or physical mutagenesis methods in wheat.The emerging effective genome editing tool,CRISPR/Cas9 system,makes it possible to achieve simultaneous mutagenesis in multiple homoeoalleles.To improve the genome modification efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in wheat,we compared four different RNA polymerase(Pol)Ⅲpromoters(TaU3 p,TaU6 p,OsU3 p,and OsU6 p)and three types of sgRNA scaffold in the protoplast system.We show that the TaU3 promoter-driven optimized sgRNA scaffold was most effective.The optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit three TaNP1 homoeoalleles,whose orthologs,OsNP1 in rice and ZmIPE1 in maize,encode a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase and are required for male sterility.Triple homozygous mutations in TaNP1 genes result in complete male sterility.We further demonstrated that anyone wild-type copy of the three TaNP1 genes is sufficient for maintenance of male fertility.Taken together,this study provides an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector for wheat genome editing and a complete male sterile mutant for development of a commercially viable hybrid wheat seed production system.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Nos. 2007CB109006 and 2009CB118304)the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (No. 2009AA101102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30671291 and 30971777)
文摘Utilization of a two-line breeding system via photoperiod-thermo sensitive male sterility has a great potential for hybrid production in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. 337S is a novel wheat male sterile line sensitive to both short daylength/Iow temperature and long daylength/high temperature. Five F2 populations derived from the crosses between 337S and five common wheat varieties were developed for genetic analysis. All Fl＇s were highly fertile while segregation occurred in the F2 populations with a ratio of 3 fertile：l sterile under short daylength/Iow temperature. It is shown that male sterility in 337S was controlled by a single recessive gene, temporarily designated as wptms3. Bulked segregant analysis （BSA） coupled with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers was applied to map the sterile gene using one mapping population. The wptms3 gene was mapped to chromosome arm 1BS and flanked byXgwm413 and Xgwm182 at a genetic distance of 3.2 and 23.5 cM, respectively. The accuracy and efficiency of marker-assisted selection were evaluated and proved essential for identifying homozygous recessive male sterile genotypes of the wptms3 gene in F2 generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39900088).
文摘LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatel-lite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population, respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18, Xgwm264a and Xgwm273 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54 ± 4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5. 71 ± 4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome IBS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on IBS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.
基金the Crop Breeding Program of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2006YZGG01)Pre-grant from Youth Science & Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 07ZQ026-126)
文摘To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101300)the Natural Science Foundation of China (30871553)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Nonprofit Scientific Institution (1610172017005)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS (Group No. 118)the Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center (201620000001048)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12)。
文摘The Nsa cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system confers stable male sterility and offers great potential for production of hybrid seeds in oilseed rape. However, genes responsible for male sterility in Nsa CMS have not been identified. By mitochondrial genome sequencing of Nsa CMS and its maintainer line,we identified in an Nsa CMS line several chimeric genes encoding hypothetical proteins harboring transmembrane domains. One novel chimeric gene orf346 showed high identity with cox1 at the 50 terminal region and was co-transcribed with nad3 and rps12 genes. Transgenic plants of orf346 fused with or without mitochondrial targeting peptide conferred complete male sterility in Arabidopsis. ORF346 was mitochondrion-localized. Expression of orf346 in Escherichia coli inhibited bacterial growth, with excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ATP content. These results reveal a link between the newly identified mitochondrial gene orf346 and the abortion of Nsa CMS. Inadequate energy supply and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species may account for pollen abortion in Nsa CMS plants.
