In the last decade,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs) have become commonly diagnosed.From a morphological standpoint,they are classified in main-duct IPMNs(MD-IPMNs) and branch-duct IPMNs(BD-IPMNs),depend...In the last decade,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs) have become commonly diagnosed.From a morphological standpoint,they are classified in main-duct IPMNs(MD-IPMNs) and branch-duct IPMNs(BD-IPMNs),depending on the type of involvement of the pancreatic ductal system by the neoplasm.Despite the fact that our understanding of their natural history is still incomplete,recent data indicate that MD-IPMNs and BD-IPMNs show significant differences in terms of biological behaviour with MD-IPMNs at higher risk of malignant degeneration.In the present paper,clinical and epidemiological characteristics,rates of malignancy and the natural history of MD-IPMNs and BD-IPMNs are analyzed.The profile of IPMNs involving both the main pancreatic duct and its side branches(combined-IPMNs) are also discussed.Finally,general recommendations for management based on these differences are given.展开更多
混合式高压直流（HVDC）断路器是电力电子结合机械开关技术领域新型的高端电力装备,迄今为止其电气试验尚没有可以参照的国际或国家标准。为此,深入分析了混合式高压直流断路器的极限工况,梳理了快速机械开关、主支路阀组以及转移支路...混合式高压直流（HVDC）断路器是电力电子结合机械开关技术领域新型的高端电力装备,迄今为止其电气试验尚没有可以参照的国际或国家标准。为此,深入分析了混合式高压直流断路器的极限工况,梳理了快速机械开关、主支路阀组以及转移支路阀组等关键构成部件的电气应力,提出了能够全面考核整机电磁、热与机械等性能的运行试验和绝缘试验项目,并完成了试验系统的搭建。研究结果表明：所研制的世界首台535 k V电压等级混合式高压直流断路器样机及其关键部件在搭建的试验系统中完成了所提出的各项试验,最大开断电流为25k A,开断时间小于3 ms;针对性提出的试验方案和实现技术能够充分在实验室内考核混合式高压直流断路器的各项指标;试验结果证明了方案的正确性和可行性。该研究为未来混合式高压直流断路器相关试验检测标准的制定奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘In the last decade,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs) have become commonly diagnosed.From a morphological standpoint,they are classified in main-duct IPMNs(MD-IPMNs) and branch-duct IPMNs(BD-IPMNs),depending on the type of involvement of the pancreatic ductal system by the neoplasm.Despite the fact that our understanding of their natural history is still incomplete,recent data indicate that MD-IPMNs and BD-IPMNs show significant differences in terms of biological behaviour with MD-IPMNs at higher risk of malignant degeneration.In the present paper,clinical and epidemiological characteristics,rates of malignancy and the natural history of MD-IPMNs and BD-IPMNs are analyzed.The profile of IPMNs involving both the main pancreatic duct and its side branches(combined-IPMNs) are also discussed.Finally,general recommendations for management based on these differences are given.
文摘混合式高压直流（HVDC）断路器是电力电子结合机械开关技术领域新型的高端电力装备,迄今为止其电气试验尚没有可以参照的国际或国家标准。为此,深入分析了混合式高压直流断路器的极限工况,梳理了快速机械开关、主支路阀组以及转移支路阀组等关键构成部件的电气应力,提出了能够全面考核整机电磁、热与机械等性能的运行试验和绝缘试验项目,并完成了试验系统的搭建。研究结果表明：所研制的世界首台535 k V电压等级混合式高压直流断路器样机及其关键部件在搭建的试验系统中完成了所提出的各项试验,最大开断电流为25k A,开断时间小于3 ms;针对性提出的试验方案和实现技术能够充分在实验室内考核混合式高压直流断路器的各项指标;试验结果证明了方案的正确性和可行性。该研究为未来混合式高压直流断路器相关试验检测标准的制定奠定了基础。
