Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without ...Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.展开更多
The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic ...The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic fields(MFs)have been proposed to enhance OER performance by influencing the spin states of oxygen intermediates.However,prior study has predominantly focused on MF effects mediated by the intrinsic magnetic properties of electrocatalysts or magnetohydrodynamics.In this work,we report a universal enhancement in OER activity,achieving over 150% increase in current density under a200 mT MF across diamagnetic,paramagnetic and magnetic electrocatalysts in 1 M KOH.Through systematic investigation of MF orientation and strength,pH,applied potentials,and the use of benzoquinone radical scavenger,we demonstrate that MF-driven performance improvements arise from direct modulation of oxygen radical spin states.Specifically,MFs promote the formation of spin-triplet oxygen intermediates(↑O–O↑),a critical step for O–O bond formation,independent of the catalyst's intrinsic magnetism.However,the local magnetic environment near the catalyst surface,governed by its magnetic properties,indirectly influences radical spin dynamics by alternating the effective field experienced by intermediates.These findings redefine the role of spin manipulation in electrocatalysis,advancing understanding of MF-driven spin effects in redox reactions.展开更多
Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and ma...Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and magnetic field enhanced-electrochemical activity remains to be fully elucidated.Herein,single-domain CoFe_(2)O_(4) catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancies(CFO-V_(O)) were synthesized to probe how V_(O) mediates magnetism and OER activity under magnetic field.The introduction of V_(O) can simultaneously modulate saturation magnetization(M_(s)) and coercivity(H_(c)),where the increased M_(s) dominates the magnetic field-enhanced OER activity.Under a 14,000 G magnetic field,the optimized CFO-V_(O) exhibits up to 16.1 % reduction in overpotential and 365 % enhancement in magnetocurrent(MC).Electrochemical analyses and post-OER characterization reveal that the magnetic field synergistically improves OER kinetics through lattice distortion induction,magnetohydrodynamic effect,and spin charge transfer effect.Importantly,the magnetic field promotes additional Co^(3+) generation to compensate for charge imbalance caused by V_(O) filling,maintaining dynamic equilibrium of V_(O) and effective reactant adsorption-conversion processes.This work unveils the synergistic mechanism of V_(O) and magnetic parameters for enhancing OER performance under the magnetic field,providing new insights into the design of high-efficiency spinregulated OER catalysts.展开更多
Many planets,including the Earth,possess a global dipolar magnetic field.To diagnose the interior source of the dipolar field,researchers usually adopt a dipole model consisting of six parameters to fit the observed d...Many planets,including the Earth,possess a global dipolar magnetic field.To diagnose the interior source of the dipolar field,researchers usually adopt a dipole model consisting of six parameters to fit the observed dataset of the magnetic field.However,the simultaneous fitting of these parameters often leads to multiple local optimal parameter sets.To address this fitting dilemma,Rong ZJ et al.(2021)recently developed a current loop model.This technique can successively separate and invert the loop parameters.Here,we further show how this technique can be reduced and modified to fit a dipole model.Applications of this reduced technique to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model and the Martian crustal field model highlight its unique ability to diagnose both the planetary global dipolar field and the local crustal field anomaly,a capability that sets it apart from existing methods.The potential impact of this technique on geomagnetism and planetary magnetism is significant,given its unique ability to diagnose both the planetary global dipolar field and the local crustal field anomaly.展开更多
By combining data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload(CHAMP),Swarm-A,and newest Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) missions,we constructed a lithospheric magnetic field model up to spherical harmonic degree N = 1...By combining data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload(CHAMP),Swarm-A,and newest Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) missions,we constructed a lithospheric magnetic field model up to spherical harmonic degree N = 100.To isolate the lithospheric magnetic field signals,we utilized the latest CHAOS-8(CHAMP,Φrsted,and SAC-C 8) model and MGFM(Multisource Geomagnetic Field Model) to remove nonlithospheric sources,including the core field,magnetospheric field,ocean tidal field,and ocean circulation field.Subsequently,orbit-by-orbit processing was applied to both scalar and vector data,such as spherical harmonic high-pass filtering,singular spectrum analysis,and line leveling,to suppress noise and residual signals along the satellite tracks.With an orbital inclination of only 41°,MSS-1 effectively captures fine-scale lithospheric magnetic field signals in mid-to low-latitude regions.Its data exhibit a root mean square error of only 0.77 nT relative to the final model,confirming the high quality and utility of lithospheric field modeling.The resulting model exhibits excellent consistency with the MF7(Magnetic Field Model 7),maintaining a high correlation up to N = 90 and still exceeding 0.65 at N = 100.These results demonstrate the reliability and value of MSS-1 data in global lithospheric magnetic field modeling.展开更多
When a perpendicular magnetic field penetrates a thin slab of a type-Ⅱ superconductor it produces vortices,with one vortex per flux quantum,h/2e.The vortices interact repulsively and form an ordered array(Abrikosov l...When a perpendicular magnetic field penetrates a thin slab of a type-Ⅱ superconductor it produces vortices,with one vortex per flux quantum,h/2e.The vortices interact repulsively and form an ordered array(Abrikosov lattice)in clean systems,while strong disorder changes the lattice into a vortex glass.The collective vortex dynamics is extremely vulnerable to external perturbations.Consequently,although of great importance,experimental observation is limited.Here we investigate type-Ⅱ superconducting films(PdBi_(2)and NbSe_(2))with surface acoustic waves(SAWs)at mK temperature.When sweeping the magnetic field at an extremely slow rate,we observe a series of spikes in the attenuation and velocity of the SAW,on average separated in field by approximately Hc1.We propose the following scenario:The vortex-free region at the edges of the film produces an edge barrier across which the vortices can enter or leave.When the applied field changes,the induced supercurrents flowing along this edge region lowers this barrier until there is an instability.At that point,vortices avalanche into(or out of)the bulk and change the vortex crystal,suggested by the sharp jump in each such spike.The vortices then gradually relax to a new stable pinned configuration,leading to a~30 s relaxation after the jump.Our observation enriches the limited experimental evidence on the important topic of real-time vortex dynamics in superconductors.展开更多
In recent years,the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on improving the solidification structure of alloys has attracted significant attention.A GH4738 nickel-based alloy smelted using a self-designed 20-kg electromagne...In recent years,the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on improving the solidification structure of alloys has attracted significant attention.A GH4738 nickel-based alloy smelted using a self-designed 20-kg electromagnetic casting system was taken as the research object.Finite element software was used to numerically simulate the magnetic field intensity,distribution,and temperature field of the casting device.The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the solidification process of the GH4738 alloy was studied by means of low-magnification microstructural analysis.The measured magnetic field shows that when the duty cycle is 20%,the pulse frequency is 50 Hz,the output current is in the range of 150–250 A,and the peak magnetic field intensity of the crucible center is 68–116 mT.The crucible temperature is heated to 600℃and the melt center solidification time is 12.844 s.The microstructural analysis of the ingot shows that its shrinkage hole is reduced from 130 to 100 mm,and the equiaxed crystal area is increased from 2275 to 3150 mm^(2).The solidification angle of the dendrite is changed under the action of the pulsed magnetic field,and the tilt angle is 45°.The results show that the pulsed magnetic field promotes the primary crystal core of the GH4738 alloy,improves the nucleation rate of the melt,reduces the size difference of the solidification structure between the center and the edge of the ingot,and improves the uniformity of the solidification structure.展开更多
As the plasma current power in tokamak devices increases,a significant number of stray magnetic fields are generated around the equipment.These stray magnetic fields can disrupt the operation of electronic power devic...As the plasma current power in tokamak devices increases,a significant number of stray magnetic fields are generated around the equipment.These stray magnetic fields can disrupt the operation of electronic power devices,particularly transformers in switched-mode power supplies.Testing flyback converters with transformers under strong background magnetic fields highlights electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)issues for such switched-mode power supplies.This study utilizes finite element analysis software to simulate the electromagnetic environment of switched-mode power supply transformers and investigates the impact of variations in different magnetic field parameters on the performance of switched-mode power supplies under strong stray magnetic fields.The findings indicate that EMC issues are associated with transformer core saturation and can be alleviated through appropriate configurations of the core size,air gap,fillet radius,and installation direction.This study offers novel solutions for addressing EMC issues in high magnetic field environments.展开更多
After the fabrication of magnetic resonance superconducting magnets,the magnetic field inhomogeneity needs to be accurately measured for subsequent shimming.However,conventional measurement methods are susceptible to ...After the fabrication of magnetic resonance superconducting magnets,the magnetic field inhomogeneity needs to be accurately measured for subsequent shimming.However,conventional measurement methods are susceptible to magnetic fields,have poor compatibility,and are difficult to adapt to various types of magnets.This paper proposes a new field measuring system based on a three-axis movable platform.The system utilizes non-magnetic materials and an innovative hand-wheel lifting design that can be adapted to various aperture magnets,thus obviating the necessity for electrically driven equipment and addressing safety concerns in strong magnetic fields.In addition,the measurement system offers high accuracy up to 1 mm and a wide measurable range.The fields of 3 T and 7 T magnets were mapped using the designed system with diameter of spherical volume(DSV)of 160 mm and 130 mm,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic field measurement system has strong compatibility and can accurately map the magnetic field at arbitrary positions,which is critical for shimming studies.展开更多
This study presents preliminary results of tidal-induced magnetic field signals extracted from 9 months of data collected by the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) from November 2023 to July 2024. Tidal signals were iso...This study presents preliminary results of tidal-induced magnetic field signals extracted from 9 months of data collected by the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) from November 2023 to July 2024. Tidal signals were isolated using sequential modeling techniques by subtracting non-tidal field model predictions from observed magnetic data. The extracted MSS-1 results show strong agreement with those from the Swarm and CryoSat satellites. MSS-1 effectively captures key large-scale tidal-induced magnetic anomalies, mainly due to its unique 41-degree low-inclination orbit, which provides wide coverage of local times. This finding underscores the strong potential of MSS-1 to recover high-resolution global tidal magnetic field models as more MSS-1 data become available.展开更多
The present study focuses on the flow of a yield-stress(Bingham)nanofluid,consisting of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles,subjected to a magnetic field in a backward-facing step duct(BFS)configuration.The duct is equipped...The present study focuses on the flow of a yield-stress(Bingham)nanofluid,consisting of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles,subjected to a magnetic field in a backward-facing step duct(BFS)configuration.The duct is equipped with a cylindrical obstacle,where the lower wall is kept at a constant temperature.The yield-stress nanofluid enters this duct at a cold temperature with fully developed velocity.The aim of the present investigation is to explore the influence of flow velocity(Re=10 to 200),nanoparticle concentration(ϕ=0 to 0.1),magnetic field intensity(Ha=0 to 100),and its inclination angle(γ=0 to 90)and nanofluid yield stress(Bn=0 to 20)on the thermal and hydrodynamic efficiency inside the backward-facing step.The numerical results have been obtained by resolving the momentum and energy balance equations using the Galerkin finite element method.The obtained results have indicated that an increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction enhances heat transfer.In contrast,a significant reduction is observed with an increase in Hartmann and Bingham numbers,resulting in quasi-immobilization of the fluid under the magnetic influence and radical solidification of this type of fluid,accompanied by the suppression of the vortex zone downstream of the cylindrical obstacle.This study sheds light on the complexity of this magnetically influenced fluid,with potential implications in various engineering and materials science fields.展开更多
In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2...In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2,2023,to November 1,2024,are considered.The MSS-1 flies with a low inclination(41°)and is designed to provide high-resolution magnetic field measurements,especially for monitoring the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly.Earlier studies confirmed the possibility of using MSS-1A data to model the Earth’s main magnetic field(e.g.,Jiang Y et al.,2024).Therefore,in this study we focus on the magnetic signatures related to the external field,which are primarily associated with magnetospheric and ionospheric currents.The global distributions of the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a pattern consistent with that derived from the European Space Agency’s Swarm A satellite.A statistical survey of the conjugated observations(withΔt<5 min andΔR<150 km)between the two satellites showed that the difference between their magnetic residuals is within±3 nanoteslas.By separating the magnetic residuals at the noon and midnight hours,we see that the MSS-1A data can effectively capture features of the magnetospheric and ionospheric currents,such as the magnetospheric ring current and ionospheric equatorial electrojet.Moreover,the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a diamagnetic effect caused by post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles,which also suggests that the MSS-1A data have the potential to reveal the ionospheric structures.The comprehensive evaluations performed within this study demonstrate that the MSS-1A provides high-quality magnetic field data reaching the level of the Swarm satellite,which enables a deeper understanding of the modeling of Earth’s magnetic field as well as monitoring of the magnetic environment.展开更多
The equivalent source(ES)method in the spherical coordinate system has been widely applied to processing,reduction,field modeling,and geophysical and geological interpretation of satellite magnetic anomaly data.Howeve...The equivalent source(ES)method in the spherical coordinate system has been widely applied to processing,reduction,field modeling,and geophysical and geological interpretation of satellite magnetic anomaly data.However,the inversion for the ES model suffers from nonuniqueness and instability,which remain unresolved.To mitigate these issues,we introduce both the minimum and flattest models into the model objective function as an alternative regularization approach in the spherical ES method.We first present the methods,then analyze the accuracy of forward calculation and test the proposed ES method in this study by using synthetic data.The experimental results from simulation data indicate that our proposed regularization effectively suppresses the Backus effect and mitigates inversion instability in the low-latitude region.Finally,we apply the proposed method to magnetic anomaly data from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1)and Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)magnetic measurements over Africa by constructing an ES model of the large-scale lithospheric magnetic field.Compared with existing global lithospheric magnetic field models,our ES model demonstrates good consistency at high altitudes and predicts more stable fields at low altitudes.Furthermore,we derive the reduction to the pole(RTP)magnetic anomaly fields and the apparent susceptibility contrast distribution based on the ES model.The latter correlates well with the regional tectonic framework in Africa and surroundings.展开更多
As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal vari...As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.展开更多
The CUG_CLMFM3D series comprises high-resolution three-dimensional lithospheric magnetic field models for China and its surroundings.The first version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv1,is a spherical cap harmonic model integrating the WD...The CUG_CLMFM3D series comprises high-resolution three-dimensional lithospheric magnetic field models for China and its surroundings.The first version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv1,is a spherical cap harmonic model integrating the WDMAMv2(World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map version 2)global magnetic anomaly grid and nearly a decade of CHAMP(Challenging Minisatellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application)satellite vector data.It achieves a~5.7 km resolution but has limitations:the WDMAMv2 grid lacks high-resolution data in the southern Xinjiang and Tibet regions,which leads to missing small-to medium-scale anomalies,and unfiltered CHAMP data introduce low-frequency conflicts with global spherical harmonic models.Above the altitude of 150 km,correlations with global models drop below 0.9.The second version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv2,addresses these issues by incorporating 5-km-resolution aeromagnetic data and rigorously processed satellite data from CHAMP,Swarm,CSES-1(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 1),and MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite 1).The comparison analysis shows that the CUG_CLMFM3Dv2 captures finer high-frequency details and more stable long-wavelength signals,offering improved magnetic anomaly maps for further geological and geophysical studies.展开更多
Light alloys have irreplaceable advantages such as high specific strength and low density.They are indispensable structural materials in aerospace,military,and marine engineering.It is an enduring research hotspot to ...Light alloys have irreplaceable advantages such as high specific strength and low density.They are indispensable structural materials in aerospace,military,and marine engineering.It is an enduring research hotspot to prepare high-strength and high-toughness light alloys to play a more significant role in advanced engineering applications.As a new method to improve the mechanical properties of light alloys,the magnetic field-assisted process can produce magnetoplastic effects.Therefore,in this paper,research progress on the magnetoplastic effects of light alloys assisted by magnetic fields was reviewed,and the effects of magnetic fields on dislocations,grain refinement,precipitation kinetics,phase transformation,and mechanical properties of light alloys were elucidated.Magnetic field treatment transforms radical pairs from the ground state to the excited state,which reduces the resistance between dislocations and obstacles,facilitating dislocation depinning.Moreover,magnetic field can promote grain refinement and phase transformation,increase precipitation kinetics,and synergistically improve strength and elongation.Finally,the prospects of magnetic field-assisted processes of light alloys were discussed.展开更多
This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,mag...This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,magnetic field,and Joule heating over a permeable shrinking disk.Amathematicalmodel is developed and converted to a systemof differential equations using similarity transformation which then,solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in Matlab software.The study introduces a novel comparative analysis of alumina-copper-silica and alumina-coppertitania nanofluids,revealing distinct thermal conductivity behaviors and identifying critical suction values necessary for flow stabilization.Dual solutions are found within a specific range of parameters such that the minimum required suction values for flow stability,with S_(c)=1.2457 for alumina-copper-silica/water and S_(c)=1.2351 for alumina-coppertitania/water.The results indicate that increasing suction by 1%enhances the skin friction coefficient by up to 4.17%and improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 1%,highlighting its crucial role in stabilizing the opposing flow induced by the shrinking disk.Additionally,the inclusion of 1%silica nanoparticles reduces both skin friction and heat transfer rate by approximately 0.28%and 0.85%,respectively,while 1%titania concentration increases skin friction by 3.02%but results in a slight heat transfer loss of up to 0.61%.These findings confirm the superior thermal performance of alumina-copper-titania/water,making it a promising candidate for enhanced cooling systems,energy-efficient heat exchangers,and industrial thermal management applications.展开更多
The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by...The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.展开更多
Based on α→α2+γ phase transition and crystallographic orientation relationship,as well as the the-ory of grain-preferred growth under high magnetic fields,this study proposes a novel method to adjust the alignment...Based on α→α2+γ phase transition and crystallographic orientation relationship,as well as the the-ory of grain-preferred growth under high magnetic fields,this study proposes a novel method to adjust the alignment ofα2/γlamellae for TiAl alloys through two-step treatment.The first step involved the pretreatment at 1350℃(αsingle-phase region),followed by high magnetic field heat treatment at the same temperature.Results show that the fraction of α2/γ lamellar orientation with an angle<30°re-specting the magnetic field direction increases significantly to 72.74%for pretreated Ti-42.91Al-0.69Fe alloy after holding for 30 min at 1350℃ with the 10 T magnetic field,compared with the reference sample.The preferred distribution of α2/γ lamellae is attributed to the magnetic driving force generated atαgrain boundaries,which predominantly dominates the preferential growth behavior ofαgrains by influencing the grain boundary migration during the short isothermal time under the 10 T magnetic field.After holding for 5 h at 1350℃,the average grain size of Ti-42.91Al-0.69Fe alloy increases,and the grain boundaries become flatter.Consequently,the curvature driving force generated at theαgrain boundaries is mostly lower than the magnetic driving force.The direction of grain boundary migration is thus pri-marily determined by the direction of magnetic driving forces during the holding time at 1350℃ under the 10 T magnetic field.Specifically,the grain boundaries ofαgrain move towards adjacentαgrains and are swallowed up to grow as the<0001>orientation ofαgrains is normal to the magnetic field direction.Due to the unique habitus plane ofγandαphases,the α2/γ lamellar orientation is approximately par-allel to the magnetic field direction in the subsequent cooling progress.These results indicate that high magnetic field heat treatment atαsingle-phase region can adjust the alignment of α2/γ lamellae.展开更多
The behavior of buoyancy-driven magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)nanofluid flows with temperature-sensitive viscosity plays a pivotal role in high-performance thermal systems such as electronics cooling,nuclear reactors,and me...The behavior of buoyancy-driven magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)nanofluid flows with temperature-sensitive viscosity plays a pivotal role in high-performance thermal systems such as electronics cooling,nuclear reactors,and metallurgical processes.This study focuses on the boundary layer flow of a Casson-based sodium alginate Fe3O4 nanofluid influenced by magnetic field-dependent viscosity and thermal radiation,as it interacts with a vertically stretching sheet under dissipative conditions.To manage the inherent nonlinearities,Lie group transformations are applied to reformulate the governing boundary layer equations into similarity forms.These reduced equations are then solved via the Spectral Quasi-Linearization Method(SQLM),ensuring high accuracy and computational efficiency.The analysis comprehensively explores the impact of key parameters-including mixed convection intensity,magnetic field strength,Casson fluid properties,temperature-dependent viscosity,thermal radiation,and viscous dissipation(Eckert number)-on flow characteristics and heat transfer rates.Findings reveal that increasing magnetic field-dependent viscosity diminishes both skin friction and thermal transport,while buoyancy effects enhance heat transfer but lower shear stress on the surface.This work provides critical insights into controlling heat and momentum transfer in Casson nanofluids,advancing the design of thermal management systems involving complex fluids under magnetic and buoyant forces.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375101)the Natural Science of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(24KJB430027).
文摘Background:The bacterial biofilm poses a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy.There is a great need to develop novel antibiofilm agents combined with biofilm disrupting and bacteria-killing without the dependence of antibiotic.Methods:Herein,we prepared ultrasound/magnetic field-responsive ferroferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4))/glucose oxidase microbubbles(FGMB)to form a cascade catalytic system for effective removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.FGMB were prepared through interfacial self-assembly of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(NPs)and glucose oxidase(GOx)at the gas-liquid interface stabilized by surfactants.Under ultrasound/magnetic field stimulation,FGMB disrupted biofilm architecture through microbubble collapse-induced microjets and magnetically driven displacement.Simultaneously,ultrasound-triggered rupture of FGMB released GOx and Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs.Glucose can be oxidized by GOx to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide which was subsequently catalyzed into hydroxyl radicals by Fe_(3)O_(4) NPs,enabling chemical eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria.Results:Optical microscopy images demonstrated that FGMB have spherical structure with average size of approximately 17μm.FGMB showed a 65.4%decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm biomass and 1.1 log bacterial inactivation efficiency(91.2%),suggesting effective biofilm elimination.In vitro experimental results also indicate that FGMB have good biocompatibility.Conclusion:This antibiofilm strategy integrated dual modes of physical biofilm disruption with chemical bacteria-killing shows great potential as a versatile,non-resistant strategy for bacterial biofilm elimination.
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education through MOE Tier 2 grant(MOE-T2EP10223-0006)the Australia Research Council(DP190100150,DE250100232)+2 种基金Singapore-International Synchrotron Access Programme(SG-SAP)the funding support from the RIE 2025 Industry Alignment FundIndustry Collaboration Projects(IAF-ICP)(Award I2301E0023),administered by A*STARsupported by Nanofilm Technologies International Limited。
文摘The spin-sensitive nature of redox reactions in energy conversion systems,such as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for enhancing catalytic efficiency.Magnetic fields(MFs)have been proposed to enhance OER performance by influencing the spin states of oxygen intermediates.However,prior study has predominantly focused on MF effects mediated by the intrinsic magnetic properties of electrocatalysts or magnetohydrodynamics.In this work,we report a universal enhancement in OER activity,achieving over 150% increase in current density under a200 mT MF across diamagnetic,paramagnetic and magnetic electrocatalysts in 1 M KOH.Through systematic investigation of MF orientation and strength,pH,applied potentials,and the use of benzoquinone radical scavenger,we demonstrate that MF-driven performance improvements arise from direct modulation of oxygen radical spin states.Specifically,MFs promote the formation of spin-triplet oxygen intermediates(↑O–O↑),a critical step for O–O bond formation,independent of the catalyst's intrinsic magnetism.However,the local magnetic environment near the catalyst surface,governed by its magnetic properties,indirectly influences radical spin dynamics by alternating the effective field experienced by intermediates.These findings redefine the role of spin manipulation in electrocatalysis,advancing understanding of MF-driven spin effects in redox reactions.
基金supported by the “Climbing Plan” of Harbin Normal University (No.XKB202301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21871065 and 22071038)。
文摘Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and magnetic field enhanced-electrochemical activity remains to be fully elucidated.Herein,single-domain CoFe_(2)O_(4) catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancies(CFO-V_(O)) were synthesized to probe how V_(O) mediates magnetism and OER activity under magnetic field.The introduction of V_(O) can simultaneously modulate saturation magnetization(M_(s)) and coercivity(H_(c)),where the increased M_(s) dominates the magnetic field-enhanced OER activity.Under a 14,000 G magnetic field,the optimized CFO-V_(O) exhibits up to 16.1 % reduction in overpotential and 365 % enhancement in magnetocurrent(MC).Electrochemical analyses and post-OER characterization reveal that the magnetic field synergistically improves OER kinetics through lattice distortion induction,magnetohydrodynamic effect,and spin charge transfer effect.Importantly,the magnetic field promotes additional Co^(3+) generation to compensate for charge imbalance caused by V_(O) filling,maintaining dynamic equilibrium of V_(O) and effective reactant adsorption-conversion processes.This work unveils the synergistic mechanism of V_(O) and magnetic parameters for enhancing OER performance under the magnetic field,providing new insights into the design of high-efficiency spinregulated OER catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42388101)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-SSW-TLC00103)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGGCAS-202102).
文摘Many planets,including the Earth,possess a global dipolar magnetic field.To diagnose the interior source of the dipolar field,researchers usually adopt a dipole model consisting of six parameters to fit the observed dataset of the magnetic field.However,the simultaneous fitting of these parameters often leads to multiple local optimal parameter sets.To address this fitting dilemma,Rong ZJ et al.(2021)recently developed a current loop model.This technique can successively separate and invert the loop parameters.Here,we further show how this technique can be reduced and modified to fit a dipole model.Applications of this reduced technique to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model and the Martian crustal field model highlight its unique ability to diagnose both the planetary global dipolar field and the local crustal field anomaly,a capability that sets it apart from existing methods.The potential impact of this technique on geomagnetism and planetary magnetism is significant,given its unique ability to diagnose both the planetary global dipolar field and the local crustal field anomaly.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42250103, 41974073, and 41404053)the Macao Foundation and the preresearch project of Civil Aerospace Technologies (Nos. D020308 and D020303)funded by China’s National Space Administration, and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories。
文摘By combining data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload(CHAMP),Swarm-A,and newest Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) missions,we constructed a lithospheric magnetic field model up to spherical harmonic degree N = 100.To isolate the lithospheric magnetic field signals,we utilized the latest CHAOS-8(CHAMP,Φrsted,and SAC-C 8) model and MGFM(Multisource Geomagnetic Field Model) to remove nonlithospheric sources,including the core field,magnetospheric field,ocean tidal field,and ocean circulation field.Subsequently,orbit-by-orbit processing was applied to both scalar and vector data,such as spherical harmonic high-pass filtering,singular spectrum analysis,and line leveling,to suppress noise and residual signals along the satellite tracks.With an orbital inclination of only 41°,MSS-1 effectively captures fine-scale lithospheric magnetic field signals in mid-to low-latitude regions.Its data exhibit a root mean square error of only 0.77 nT relative to the final model,confirming the high quality and utility of lithospheric field modeling.The resulting model exhibits excellent consistency with the MF7(Magnetic Field Model 7),maintaining a high correlation up to N = 90 and still exceeding 0.65 at N = 100.These results demonstrate the reliability and value of MSS-1 data in global lithospheric magnetic field modeling.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401900,2022YFA1403300,and 2020YFA0309100)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0302602 and 2024ZD0300103)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074073)for samplefabrication and measurementthe support by the The Basic Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Based on Major Scientific Infrastructures(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08).
文摘When a perpendicular magnetic field penetrates a thin slab of a type-Ⅱ superconductor it produces vortices,with one vortex per flux quantum,h/2e.The vortices interact repulsively and form an ordered array(Abrikosov lattice)in clean systems,while strong disorder changes the lattice into a vortex glass.The collective vortex dynamics is extremely vulnerable to external perturbations.Consequently,although of great importance,experimental observation is limited.Here we investigate type-Ⅱ superconducting films(PdBi_(2)and NbSe_(2))with surface acoustic waves(SAWs)at mK temperature.When sweeping the magnetic field at an extremely slow rate,we observe a series of spikes in the attenuation and velocity of the SAW,on average separated in field by approximately Hc1.We propose the following scenario:The vortex-free region at the edges of the film produces an edge barrier across which the vortices can enter or leave.When the applied field changes,the induced supercurrents flowing along this edge region lowers this barrier until there is an instability.At that point,vortices avalanche into(or out of)the bulk and change the vortex crystal,suggested by the sharp jump in each such spike.The vortices then gradually relax to a new stable pinned configuration,leading to a~30 s relaxation after the jump.Our observation enriches the limited experimental evidence on the important topic of real-time vortex dynamics in superconductors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074092)the Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology(No.2023QNJS007)+1 种基金Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJYT23115)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(No.2022MS05039).
文摘In recent years,the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on improving the solidification structure of alloys has attracted significant attention.A GH4738 nickel-based alloy smelted using a self-designed 20-kg electromagnetic casting system was taken as the research object.Finite element software was used to numerically simulate the magnetic field intensity,distribution,and temperature field of the casting device.The effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the solidification process of the GH4738 alloy was studied by means of low-magnification microstructural analysis.The measured magnetic field shows that when the duty cycle is 20%,the pulse frequency is 50 Hz,the output current is in the range of 150–250 A,and the peak magnetic field intensity of the crucible center is 68–116 mT.The crucible temperature is heated to 600℃and the melt center solidification time is 12.844 s.The microstructural analysis of the ingot shows that its shrinkage hole is reduced from 130 to 100 mm,and the equiaxed crystal area is increased from 2275 to 3150 mm^(2).The solidification angle of the dendrite is changed under the action of the pulsed magnetic field,and the tilt angle is 45°.The results show that the pulsed magnetic field promotes the primary crystal core of the GH4738 alloy,improves the nucleation rate of the melt,reduces the size difference of the solidification structure between the center and the edge of the ingot,and improves the uniformity of the solidification structure.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.228085ME142)the Comprehensive Research Facility for the Fusion Technology Program of China(No.20180000527301001228)the Open Fund of the Magnetic Confinement Fusion Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.2024AMF04003)。
文摘As the plasma current power in tokamak devices increases,a significant number of stray magnetic fields are generated around the equipment.These stray magnetic fields can disrupt the operation of electronic power devices,particularly transformers in switched-mode power supplies.Testing flyback converters with transformers under strong background magnetic fields highlights electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)issues for such switched-mode power supplies.This study utilizes finite element analysis software to simulate the electromagnetic environment of switched-mode power supply transformers and investigates the impact of variations in different magnetic field parameters on the performance of switched-mode power supplies under strong stray magnetic fields.The findings indicate that EMC issues are associated with transformer core saturation and can be alleviated through appropriate configurations of the core size,air gap,fillet radius,and installation direction.This study offers novel solutions for addressing EMC issues in high magnetic field environments.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52293423 and Grant No.52277031).
文摘After the fabrication of magnetic resonance superconducting magnets,the magnetic field inhomogeneity needs to be accurately measured for subsequent shimming.However,conventional measurement methods are susceptible to magnetic fields,have poor compatibility,and are difficult to adapt to various types of magnets.This paper proposes a new field measuring system based on a three-axis movable platform.The system utilizes non-magnetic materials and an innovative hand-wheel lifting design that can be adapted to various aperture magnets,thus obviating the necessity for electrically driven equipment and addressing safety concerns in strong magnetic fields.In addition,the measurement system offers high accuracy up to 1 mm and a wide measurable range.The fields of 3 T and 7 T magnets were mapped using the designed system with diameter of spherical volume(DSV)of 160 mm and 130 mm,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic field measurement system has strong compatibility and can accurately map the magnetic field at arbitrary positions,which is critical for shimming studies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42250102,42250101)the Macao Foundation and Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(0001/2019/A1)the Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies funded by China National Space Administration(D020303)。
文摘This study presents preliminary results of tidal-induced magnetic field signals extracted from 9 months of data collected by the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1) from November 2023 to July 2024. Tidal signals were isolated using sequential modeling techniques by subtracting non-tidal field model predictions from observed magnetic data. The extracted MSS-1 results show strong agreement with those from the Swarm and CryoSat satellites. MSS-1 effectively captures key large-scale tidal-induced magnetic anomalies, mainly due to its unique 41-degree low-inclination orbit, which provides wide coverage of local times. This finding underscores the strong potential of MSS-1 to recover high-resolution global tidal magnetic field models as more MSS-1 data become available.
文摘The present study focuses on the flow of a yield-stress(Bingham)nanofluid,consisting of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles,subjected to a magnetic field in a backward-facing step duct(BFS)configuration.The duct is equipped with a cylindrical obstacle,where the lower wall is kept at a constant temperature.The yield-stress nanofluid enters this duct at a cold temperature with fully developed velocity.The aim of the present investigation is to explore the influence of flow velocity(Re=10 to 200),nanoparticle concentration(ϕ=0 to 0.1),magnetic field intensity(Ha=0 to 100),and its inclination angle(γ=0 to 90)and nanofluid yield stress(Bn=0 to 20)on the thermal and hydrodynamic efficiency inside the backward-facing step.The numerical results have been obtained by resolving the momentum and energy balance equations using the Galerkin finite element method.The obtained results have indicated that an increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction enhances heat transfer.In contrast,a significant reduction is observed with an increase in Hartmann and Bingham numbers,resulting in quasi-immobilization of the fluid under the magnetic influence and radical solidification of this type of fluid,accompanied by the suppression of the vortex zone downstream of the cylindrical obstacle.This study sheds light on the complexity of this magnetically influenced fluid,with potential implications in various engineering and materials science fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42474200 and 42174186)Chao Xiong is supported by the Dragon 6 cooperation 2024-2028(Project No.95437).
文摘In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2,2023,to November 1,2024,are considered.The MSS-1 flies with a low inclination(41°)and is designed to provide high-resolution magnetic field measurements,especially for monitoring the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly.Earlier studies confirmed the possibility of using MSS-1A data to model the Earth’s main magnetic field(e.g.,Jiang Y et al.,2024).Therefore,in this study we focus on the magnetic signatures related to the external field,which are primarily associated with magnetospheric and ionospheric currents.The global distributions of the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a pattern consistent with that derived from the European Space Agency’s Swarm A satellite.A statistical survey of the conjugated observations(withΔt<5 min andΔR<150 km)between the two satellites showed that the difference between their magnetic residuals is within±3 nanoteslas.By separating the magnetic residuals at the noon and midnight hours,we see that the MSS-1A data can effectively capture features of the magnetospheric and ionospheric currents,such as the magnetospheric ring current and ionospheric equatorial electrojet.Moreover,the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a diamagnetic effect caused by post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles,which also suggests that the MSS-1A data have the potential to reveal the ionospheric structures.The comprehensive evaluations performed within this study demonstrate that the MSS-1A provides high-quality magnetic field data reaching the level of the Swarm satellite,which enables a deeper understanding of the modeling of Earth’s magnetic field as well as monitoring of the magnetic environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103 and 42174090)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4).
文摘The equivalent source(ES)method in the spherical coordinate system has been widely applied to processing,reduction,field modeling,and geophysical and geological interpretation of satellite magnetic anomaly data.However,the inversion for the ES model suffers from nonuniqueness and instability,which remain unresolved.To mitigate these issues,we introduce both the minimum and flattest models into the model objective function as an alternative regularization approach in the spherical ES method.We first present the methods,then analyze the accuracy of forward calculation and test the proposed ES method in this study by using synthetic data.The experimental results from simulation data indicate that our proposed regularization effectively suppresses the Backus effect and mitigates inversion instability in the low-latitude region.Finally,we apply the proposed method to magnetic anomaly data from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1)and Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)magnetic measurements over Africa by constructing an ES model of the large-scale lithospheric magnetic field.Compared with existing global lithospheric magnetic field models,our ES model demonstrates good consistency at high altitudes and predicts more stable fields at low altitudes.Furthermore,we derive the reduction to the pole(RTP)magnetic anomaly fields and the apparent susceptibility contrast distribution based on the ES model.The latter correlates well with the regional tectonic framework in Africa and surroundings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103 and 42174090)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4)。
文摘As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103,42174090,42250101,42250102,and 41774091)the Macao Foundation+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4)。
文摘The CUG_CLMFM3D series comprises high-resolution three-dimensional lithospheric magnetic field models for China and its surroundings.The first version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv1,is a spherical cap harmonic model integrating the WDMAMv2(World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map version 2)global magnetic anomaly grid and nearly a decade of CHAMP(Challenging Minisatellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application)satellite vector data.It achieves a~5.7 km resolution but has limitations:the WDMAMv2 grid lacks high-resolution data in the southern Xinjiang and Tibet regions,which leads to missing small-to medium-scale anomalies,and unfiltered CHAMP data introduce low-frequency conflicts with global spherical harmonic models.Above the altitude of 150 km,correlations with global models drop below 0.9.The second version,CUG_CLMFM3Dv2,addresses these issues by incorporating 5-km-resolution aeromagnetic data and rigorously processed satellite data from CHAMP,Swarm,CSES-1(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 1),and MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite 1).The comparison analysis shows that the CUG_CLMFM3Dv2 captures finer high-frequency details and more stable long-wavelength signals,offering improved magnetic anomaly maps for further geological and geophysical studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274382)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3407000).
文摘Light alloys have irreplaceable advantages such as high specific strength and low density.They are indispensable structural materials in aerospace,military,and marine engineering.It is an enduring research hotspot to prepare high-strength and high-toughness light alloys to play a more significant role in advanced engineering applications.As a new method to improve the mechanical properties of light alloys,the magnetic field-assisted process can produce magnetoplastic effects.Therefore,in this paper,research progress on the magnetoplastic effects of light alloys assisted by magnetic fields was reviewed,and the effects of magnetic fields on dislocations,grain refinement,precipitation kinetics,phase transformation,and mechanical properties of light alloys were elucidated.Magnetic field treatment transforms radical pairs from the ground state to the excited state,which reduces the resistance between dislocations and obstacles,facilitating dislocation depinning.Moreover,magnetic field can promote grain refinement and phase transformation,increase precipitation kinetics,and synergistically improve strength and elongation.Finally,the prospects of magnetic field-assisted processes of light alloys were discussed.
基金funded by Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,through Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal(FTKM)’s publication fund-K23003.
文摘This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,magnetic field,and Joule heating over a permeable shrinking disk.Amathematicalmodel is developed and converted to a systemof differential equations using similarity transformation which then,solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in Matlab software.The study introduces a novel comparative analysis of alumina-copper-silica and alumina-coppertitania nanofluids,revealing distinct thermal conductivity behaviors and identifying critical suction values necessary for flow stabilization.Dual solutions are found within a specific range of parameters such that the minimum required suction values for flow stability,with S_(c)=1.2457 for alumina-copper-silica/water and S_(c)=1.2351 for alumina-coppertitania/water.The results indicate that increasing suction by 1%enhances the skin friction coefficient by up to 4.17%and improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 1%,highlighting its crucial role in stabilizing the opposing flow induced by the shrinking disk.Additionally,the inclusion of 1%silica nanoparticles reduces both skin friction and heat transfer rate by approximately 0.28%and 0.85%,respectively,while 1%titania concentration increases skin friction by 3.02%but results in a slight heat transfer loss of up to 0.61%.These findings confirm the superior thermal performance of alumina-copper-titania/water,making it a promising candidate for enhanced cooling systems,energy-efficient heat exchangers,and industrial thermal management applications.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52170087,22276137).
文摘The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-Ⅳ-0011-0125)ND Basic Research Funds of China(No.G2022WD)Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Program(No.2023-CX-TD-47).
文摘Based on α→α2+γ phase transition and crystallographic orientation relationship,as well as the the-ory of grain-preferred growth under high magnetic fields,this study proposes a novel method to adjust the alignment ofα2/γlamellae for TiAl alloys through two-step treatment.The first step involved the pretreatment at 1350℃(αsingle-phase region),followed by high magnetic field heat treatment at the same temperature.Results show that the fraction of α2/γ lamellar orientation with an angle<30°re-specting the magnetic field direction increases significantly to 72.74%for pretreated Ti-42.91Al-0.69Fe alloy after holding for 30 min at 1350℃ with the 10 T magnetic field,compared with the reference sample.The preferred distribution of α2/γ lamellae is attributed to the magnetic driving force generated atαgrain boundaries,which predominantly dominates the preferential growth behavior ofαgrains by influencing the grain boundary migration during the short isothermal time under the 10 T magnetic field.After holding for 5 h at 1350℃,the average grain size of Ti-42.91Al-0.69Fe alloy increases,and the grain boundaries become flatter.Consequently,the curvature driving force generated at theαgrain boundaries is mostly lower than the magnetic driving force.The direction of grain boundary migration is thus pri-marily determined by the direction of magnetic driving forces during the holding time at 1350℃ under the 10 T magnetic field.Specifically,the grain boundaries ofαgrain move towards adjacentαgrains and are swallowed up to grow as the<0001>orientation ofαgrains is normal to the magnetic field direction.Due to the unique habitus plane ofγandαphases,the α2/γ lamellar orientation is approximately par-allel to the magnetic field direction in the subsequent cooling progress.These results indicate that high magnetic field heat treatment atαsingle-phase region can adjust the alignment of α2/γ lamellae.
文摘The behavior of buoyancy-driven magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)nanofluid flows with temperature-sensitive viscosity plays a pivotal role in high-performance thermal systems such as electronics cooling,nuclear reactors,and metallurgical processes.This study focuses on the boundary layer flow of a Casson-based sodium alginate Fe3O4 nanofluid influenced by magnetic field-dependent viscosity and thermal radiation,as it interacts with a vertically stretching sheet under dissipative conditions.To manage the inherent nonlinearities,Lie group transformations are applied to reformulate the governing boundary layer equations into similarity forms.These reduced equations are then solved via the Spectral Quasi-Linearization Method(SQLM),ensuring high accuracy and computational efficiency.The analysis comprehensively explores the impact of key parameters-including mixed convection intensity,magnetic field strength,Casson fluid properties,temperature-dependent viscosity,thermal radiation,and viscous dissipation(Eckert number)-on flow characteristics and heat transfer rates.Findings reveal that increasing magnetic field-dependent viscosity diminishes both skin friction and thermal transport,while buoyancy effects enhance heat transfer but lower shear stress on the surface.This work provides critical insights into controlling heat and momentum transfer in Casson nanofluids,advancing the design of thermal management systems involving complex fluids under magnetic and buoyant forces.
