Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and...Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and rural planning.展开更多
The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.T...The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.This application guarantees the preservation of civil works through the effective management of local conditions and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils.Therefore,the objective of this research was to determine whether geotechnics were related to the preservation of the Llaqta of Machu Picchu.For this purpose,three geotechnical factors were evaluated:1)local site conditions,2)physical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation soils,and 3)bearing capacity.These factors were observed in the natural context of the Machu Picchu buildings via in situ and laboratory tests with standardized,noninvasive,and nondestructive equipment and procedures.The results revealed that the foundation soils are composed of two strata:1)Inca Controlled Fill(ICF),made up of gravel,and 2)a granodioritic igneous rock massif,which has a strength of 320 kg/cm^(2) in situ and 771 kg/cm^(2) in the laboratory.The strata exhibit friction angles of 31°and 38°and densities of 1.94 and 2.34 Tn/m^(3),respectively.These geotechnical parameters yield a bearing capacity of 9.6 kg/cm^(2) under a vertical stress of 1,156 kg/cm^(2).Therefore,it is concluded that the Incas,possibly on the basis of ancestral wisdom and trial and error,empirically employed geotechnical principles,providing suitable conditions for the preservation of the buildings at Machu Picchu.展开更多
文摘Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and rural planning.
文摘The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.This application guarantees the preservation of civil works through the effective management of local conditions and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils.Therefore,the objective of this research was to determine whether geotechnics were related to the preservation of the Llaqta of Machu Picchu.For this purpose,three geotechnical factors were evaluated:1)local site conditions,2)physical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation soils,and 3)bearing capacity.These factors were observed in the natural context of the Machu Picchu buildings via in situ and laboratory tests with standardized,noninvasive,and nondestructive equipment and procedures.The results revealed that the foundation soils are composed of two strata:1)Inca Controlled Fill(ICF),made up of gravel,and 2)a granodioritic igneous rock massif,which has a strength of 320 kg/cm^(2) in situ and 771 kg/cm^(2) in the laboratory.The strata exhibit friction angles of 31°and 38°and densities of 1.94 and 2.34 Tn/m^(3),respectively.These geotechnical parameters yield a bearing capacity of 9.6 kg/cm^(2) under a vertical stress of 1,156 kg/cm^(2).Therefore,it is concluded that the Incas,possibly on the basis of ancestral wisdom and trial and error,empirically employed geotechnical principles,providing suitable conditions for the preservation of the buildings at Machu Picchu.
