AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of myopia and identify its associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Xi’an,China.METHODS:In a school-based cross-sectional design,students ranging from kindergarten to h...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of myopia and identify its associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Xi’an,China.METHODS:In a school-based cross-sectional design,students ranging from kindergarten to high school across Xi’an were enrolled.Ophthalmic examinations were performed to assess refractive status via non-cycloplegic refraction.Myopia was defined as SE≤-0.5 D,with stratification into mild(SE:≤-0.5 to>-3.0 D),moderate(SE:≤-3.0 to>-6.0 D),and high myopia(SE≤-6.0 D).Data on potential risk factors such as age,gender,and educational level were obtained through structured questionnaires.RESULTS:The study included 156416 participants,with 81389 boys(52.0%)and 75027 girls(48.0%).The prevalence rates of myopia were 65.67%for boys and 68.83%for girls.Data collection occurred over two consecutive years,2021 and 2022,with 78849 and 77567 participants,respectively.The prevalence of myopia was 67.65%in 2021 and decreased slightly to 66.71%in 2022.The high myopia rates were 3.85%and 3.43%for these years,respectively.Analysis revealed significant risk factors including gender,age,and educational level,with a distinct positive correlation between increased educational level and higher myopia prevalence.Notably,both genders exhibited a significant decrease in moderate myopia over the study period,with reductions of 1.7%and 1.2%.CONCLUSION:This comprehensive study underscores the substantial prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi’an,marking it as a significant public health concern.The correlation with higher educational levels suggests the need for targeted interventions aimed at myopia prevention and management.These findings contribute critically to the body of knowledge necessary for formulating effective public health strategies in Xi’an and potentially other similar regions.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the lifestyle and myopia among primary school students in urban areas of Fujian with the context of myopia prevention and control measures,aiming to provide scientific evidence for identifying...Objective:To investigate the lifestyle and myopia among primary school students in urban areas of Fujian with the context of myopia prevention and control measures,aiming to provide scientific evidence for identifying high-risk myopia population and formulating effective intervention strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2023,enrolling 811 fourth-grade students from three primary schools in three cities across Fujian.Personal information and lifestyle-related pattern were collected using customized questionnaire.Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments including distance visual acuity tests and refractive examinations.Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of lifestyle on the onset of myopia.Results:The prevalence of myopia among fourth-grade students in urban primary schools in Fujian was 46.4%.Only 25.8%students engaged in outdoor activities for more than 2 hours daily,while63.3%participated in outdoor activities during class breaks.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that outdoor activities during class breaks(OR=0.646(95%confidence interval(CI):0.473-0.881),P=0.006)and daily time spent outdoors(2-3 hours,OR=0.682(95%CI:0.466-0.993),P=0.047;more than 3 hours,OR=0.403(95%CI:0.192-0.796),P=0.01)were independent protective factors against myopia.Lifestyle significantly enhanced the predictive performance for myopia(P=0.01).Additionally,parental myopia(one parent with myopia,OR=2.247(95%CI:1.612-3.145),P<0.001;both parents with myopia,OR=4.824(95%CI:3.262-7.204),P<0.001)emerged as a key risk factor for myopia.Conclusions:There is considerable scope for improving the lifestyle of primary school students in urban areas of Fujian.Lifestyle is strongly associated with myopia onset,highlighting the need for schools and families to actively encourage students to engage in more outdoor activities and take breaks outdoors to prevent and control myopia.Students with parents,especially both parents,having myopia should be considered as a key target group for myopia prevention efforts.展开更多
Objective To compare the efficacy of toric implantable collamer lens(Toric-ICL)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction in patients with moderate to high myopia complicated ...Objective To compare the efficacy of toric implantable collamer lens(Toric-ICL)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction in patients with moderate to high myopia complicated with astigmatism.Methods We retrospectively collected data from 64 patients(aged 18-42 years)with moderate to high myopia complicated with astigmatism(128 eyes)undergoing either Toric-ICL(28 patients/56 eyes)or FS-LASIK(36 patients/72 eyes)at our department between January,2019 and December,2020.The changes of uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA),spherical equivalent(SE),mean astigmatism correction index(CI),corneal endothelial cell density(ECD)and intraocular pressure(IOP)following the procedures were compared between the two groups.Results In FS-LASIK group,all the eyes(72/72)achieved an UCVA≥1.0,similar to the rate in Toric-ICL group(55/56 eyes;P=0.2374).The postoperative SE was also comparable between FS-LASIK and Toric-ICL groups[0.43±0.06 D(range:-1.0 to 1.50 D)vs 0.38±0.05 D(range:-0.75 to 1.00 D);P=0.56].The mean astigmatism CI was significantly higher in FS-LASIK group than in Toric-ICL group(0.8561 vs 0.7176;P<0.0001),and 88.89%of the eyes in FS-LASIK group and 69.64%in Toric-ICL group had postoperative astigmatism≤0.50 D.No significant changes were observed in postoperative corneal ECD in FS-LASIK group,whereas ECD decreased significantly after the procedure in Toric-ICL group(P=0.0057).The patients undergoing Toric-ICL exhibited no significant changes of postoperative IOP,but the patients receiving FS-LASIK had significantly reduced IOP after the procedure(P<0.001).Conclusion Although the patients included in Toric-ICL group had higher myopia and astigmatism,Toric-ICL still showed better predictability and efficacy for astigmatic correction in Toric-ICL group.Toric-ICL is an effective and safe equivalent of FS-LASIK for correcting moderate myopia but can be more advantageous for correcting high myopia with astigmatism.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effects of microlens design of peripheral defocus modifying spectacle lenses(PDMSLs)and non-microlens design of PDMSLs on controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents.METHODS:A system...AIM:To evaluate the effects of microlens design of peripheral defocus modifying spectacle lenses(PDMSLs)and non-microlens design of PDMSLs on controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents.METHODS:A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,and Web of Science databases.The search targeted randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies(CTs)that explored the effects of PDMSLs on myopia control among children and adolescents.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were employed to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies.The published biases of the included studies were evaluated using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Nine studies(7 RCTs,2 CTs)were included,involving 4332 participants in the PDMSLs group and 7317 participants in the single vision lenses(SVLs)group.Metaanalysis showed that PDMSLs with microlens design had lower change in spherical equivalent refraction(SER)than SVLs at 6,12,18,and 24mo after wearing glasses,with reductions of 0.19 D(95%CI:0.14 to 0.24,P<0.00001),0.36 D(95%CI:0.25 to 0.46,P<0.00001),0.43 D(95%CI:0.32 to 0.55,P<0.00001),and 0.51 D(95%CI:0.33 to 0.69,P<0.00001),respectively.The changes in axial length(AL)were also lower in PDMSLs compared to SVLs,with reductions of-0.09 mm(95%CI:-0.13 to-0.04,P=0.0002),-0.15 mm(95%CI:-0.21 to-0.08,P<0.00001),-0.27 mm(95%CI:-0.34 to-0.20,P<0.00001),and-0.29 mm(95%CI:-0.38 to-0.20,P<0.00001),respectively.There was no significant difference between the non-microlens group and SVLs in controlling the changes of SER and AL in myopia(both P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The synthesized evidence indicates superior myopia management outcomes with microlens design of PDMSLs compared to both SVLs and nonmicrolens design of PDMSLs in children and adolescents.展开更多
AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were an...AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were analyzed,including corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism(CA),horizontal corneal diameter(white-to-white,WTW),corneal volume(CV),pupil diameter(PD),anterior chamber angle(ACA),anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV)and axial length(AL).RESULTS:In total,2932 participants were included in the final analysis,comprising 2310 Han and 622 Uyghur adults.Adults in the high myopia(HM)group had steeper K2,larger CA,smaller WTW and longer AL in both the Uyghur and Han adults(all P<0.05).The moderate myopia(MM)and HM group had deeper ACV,ACD and wider ACA than the low myopia(all P<0.05)in Han adults,however there were no differences in anterior chamber indices with Uyghur adults.In the Uyghur adults,we noticed that CV,WTW,and ACD were smaller,ACA was narrower,PD was larger,and AL was shorter(all P<0.05).We also noticed sex differences:males had flatter corneas,deeper ACD and ACV,and larger WTW than females(all P<0.05).In the correlation analysis,WTW was positively correlated with ACD and ACV but negatively correlated with K1,K2 and CV(all P<0.05).Narrower ACA was associated with larger PD(rU=-0.25,rH=-0.16,all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The Han population have different biometric parameters in eyes with HM compared to the Uyghur population,and the Uyghur population may anatomically more susceptible to primary angle closure glaucoma than the Han population.展开更多
Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of incr...Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of increasing the time of outdoor activities on the incidence of myopia and physical well-being in children has been widely recognized.However,in countries with highly competitive education systems,such as China,parents and school administrators may be reluctant to increase their children's time for extracurricular outdoor activities for fear of affecting their academic performance.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately assess the role of after-school outdoor activities in preventing and controlling myopia,as well as in promoting the physical and mental development of adolescents.Schools and families should be encouraged to collaboratively support children’s engagement in outdoor activities to foster their healthy growth.Given the dual benefits of outdoor activities-improving visual health and promoting overall physical and mental well-being-it is essential to encourage schools and families to work together to support children's engagement in such activities.By doing so,it is hoped that a balanced environment can be created,one that values both academic achievement and healthy development.Policymakers,educators,and parents must recognize the long-term advantages of integrating outdoor activities into children's daily lives,as this approach can help alleviate the burden of myopia,enhance physical fitness,and support emotional and cognitive development.Ultimately,fostering a culture that views outdoor activities as an essential component of education and health will be key to ensuring the well-rounded development of future generations.展开更多
AIM:To compare the effects of different types of negative pressure suction on the macular and optic disc retinal vessel density(VD)in myopic patients with different axial lengths(ALs)undergoing femtosecond laser-assis...AIM:To compare the effects of different types of negative pressure suction on the macular and optic disc retinal vessel density(VD)in myopic patients with different axial lengths(ALs)undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A prospective,nonrandomized,controlled study.Participants underwent FS-LASIK surgery were divided into the short AL group(SAL,22≤AL<26 mm)and the long AL group(LAL,26≤AL<28 mm)according to the different ALs.Further,the two groups were divided into subgroups according to the corneal flap using VisuMax or WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser(FS)platform.All patients underwent OCTA before the surgery and 1-day/1-week/1-month after the surgery.ANOVA statistically analyzed data with two-factor repeated measurement in SPSS.RESULTS:Totally 108 participants(108 eyes,18–35y)were divided into SAL group[22 patients(4 males and 18 females)were treated with VisuMax,and 24(3 males and 21 females)were treated with WaveLight FS200]and LAL group[34 patients(4 males and 30 females)were treated with VisuMax,and 28 patients(6 males and 22 females)were treated with WaveLight FS200].In the LAL group,there was no significant difference in macular superficial capillary plexuses vessel density(SCP-VD)in the fovea and perifovea region,but compared with the VisuMax subgroup,SCP-VD in the parafoveal region(t=2.647,P=0.010)and the whole area(t=2.030,P=0.047)in WaveLight FS200 subgroup decreased at one day after the operation and increased to a preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month after operation.There was no significant difference between SCP-VD in the two SAL subgroups,neither of deep capillary plexuses vessel density(DCP-VD)and optic nerve head vessel density(ONH-VD)in the SAL and LAL groups.CONCLUSION:With the increase of AL and suction intensity,a transient decrease of SCP-VD in the macular region is observed at 1d postoperatively during FS-LASIK,and it increases to preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month postoperatively.However,the AL and suction intensity do not affect the macular DCP-VD and ONH-VD.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 childr...AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.展开更多
Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating th...Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating this condition.Nevertheless,considering the vast amount of research that is currently being conducted,focusing on the utilization of TCM in the management of myopia,there is an urgent requirement for a thorough and comprehensive review.The review would serve to clarify the practical applications of TCM within this specific field,and it would also aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that are at play,providing a deeper understanding of how TCM principles can be effectively integrated into modern medical practices.Here,some modern medical pathogenesis of myopia and appropriate TCM techniques studies are summarized in the prevention and treatment of myopia.Further,we discussed the potential mechanisms and the future research directions of TCM against myopia.Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for understanding how TCM can be effectively utilized in this context.The combination of various TCM methods or the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia in the future.展开更多
AIM:To investigate short-term changes in choroidal thickness in response to peripheral myopic defocus induced by two designs of multifocal corneal gas permeable contact lenses(MFGPCL)in young adults.METHODS:Seventeen ...AIM:To investigate short-term changes in choroidal thickness in response to peripheral myopic defocus induced by two designs of multifocal corneal gas permeable contact lenses(MFGPCL)in young adults.METHODS:Seventeen participants,with a mean age of 24.5±4y,underwent choroidal thickness and vascularity index measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI OCT)at baseline,one day,and one week following MFGPCL wear.Two center-distance MFGPCL designs with similar center zone diameters of 3.0 mm but different peripheral add powers(low add:+1.5 D and high add:+3.0 D)were tested.Each participant was randomly assigned to wear one of the two MFGPCL designs.Measurements of total,luminal,and stromal choroid thickness were obtained in five eccentric regions(6 mm towards the periphery)in all quadrants.RESULTS:Significant thickening in total choroidal thickness were observed after one week of wearing both high add(+10±6µm)and low add(+7±5µm)MFGPCLs,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.42).Choroidal thickening was consistent across eccentric regions and quadrants,with no significant differences based on eccentricity or quadrant(all P>0.05).Both lens designs induced choroidal thickening,with no significant difference between them in total choroidal thickness(P=0.18 for quadrants,P=0.51 for eccentric regions).CONCLUSION:Peripheral myopic defocus induced by MFGPCLs lead to significant choroidal thickening,including total,luminal,and stromal components.This study highlights the need for future research to explore the dose-response relationship between peripheral myopic defocus and choroidal thickening,utilizing choroidal response as a potential biomarker.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of different monochromatic lights on the refractive status and the secretion levels of neurotransmitters in the progressive myopic model of guinea pigs.METHODS:Guinea pigs(n=90)underwent dif...AIM:To evaluate the effect of different monochromatic lights on the refractive status and the secretion levels of neurotransmitters in the progressive myopic model of guinea pigs.METHODS:Guinea pigs(n=90)underwent different monochromatic lights irradiation for two weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups:white light(control),ultraviolet(UV),blue,green,red,and simulative sunlight(simSUN).The refractive status and axial length(AL)were measured.Transmission electron microscopy,Masson’s trichrome staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to observe the structural changes of retina and sclera.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure neurotransmitters and their receptors.RESULTS:Myopia models were established successfully.When compared the degrees of change in myopic eyes of control group,the UV group showed a minor decrease in AL and refraction,along with a significant increase in scleral thickness.In contrast,the red and green groups revealed a net increase in AL and refraction,coupled with a net decrease in scleral thickness(all,P<0.01).The dopamine concentration increased in the UV group,while concentrations of serotonin and melatonin significantly decreased(all,P<0.01).The groups that were exposed to UV,blue and simSUN,the expression of dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)increased,and the expression of hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A(HTR2A)and melatonin receptor type 2(MT2)decreased significantly when compared to the control group(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Exposure to short-wavelength light could slow the development of myopia by promoting the production of dopamine and suppressing the serotonin and melatonin concentration.The neurotransmitter receptors MT2,DRD2,and HTR2A in the sclera appear to play different roles by different color lights in myopic guinea pigs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of 0.01%low-concentration atropine(LA)on quantitative contrast sensitivity function(qCSF)in children with myopia.METHODS:This paired case-control study included 90 eyes of 58 children who...AIM:To investigate the effect of 0.01%low-concentration atropine(LA)on quantitative contrast sensitivity function(qCSF)in children with myopia.METHODS:This paired case-control study included 90 eyes of 58 children who were sex-,age-,and refractionmatched and equally divided into two groups:the 0.01%LA group had undergone 6mo use of daily 0.01%atropine and control group was naïve to LA.Routine ophthalmic examinations and qCSF test without refractive correction were performed.Two groups were compared in monocular and binocular qCSF parameters,including the area under logCSF,CSF acuity,and contrast sensitivity(CS)at 1.0-18.0 cycle per degree(cpd).RESULTS:In the monocular comparison,the CSF acuity of the LA group was significantly higher than that of the control group(7.58±5.51 vs 6.37±4.22 cpd,P<0.05).The subgroup analysis showed that in the 6-9y group,CSF acuity was significantly higher in the LA group than the control group(8.76±6.19 vs 6.54±4.25 cpd,P<0.05),and in the Female group,low refraction sphere group,and high refraction cylinder group,the CS at high spatial frequencies(12.0 and 18.0 cpd)were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(all P<0.05).In the binocular test,CSF acuity and CS at 12.0 cpd were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(10.95±7.00 vs 8.65±5.12 cpd;0.17±0.33 vs 0.06±0.16,respectively;both P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Use of LA may result in improved CS in children with early onset myopia.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.M...AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 50 eyes from 49 patients diagnosed with ERM,who were highly myopic and underwent PPV were retrospectively analyzed.The patients with ERM were classified into five groups based on the characteristics associated with different levels of myopic traction maculopathy.Group 1:Simple ERM without complex vertical and tangential direction traction on retina on optical coherence tomography(OCT)image;Group 2:ERM with obvious macular foveal schisis,without macular hole(MH);Group 3:ERM with inner lamellar MH,with or without macular foveal schisis;Group 4:ERM with outer lamellar MH,with or without foveal retinal detachment(RD);Group 5:ERM with full-thickness MH.Baseline characteristics,changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after surgery,and anatomical characteristics through spectral domain OCT were compared.RESULTS:The 50 eyes were followed for 6mo,with an average age of 58.66y and an average axial length(AL)of 28.69 mm.Among the five groups,postoperative logMAR BCVA improved(P<0.05).Group 1 had better mean BCVA at baseline(0.59±0.36)and at 6mo postoperatively(0.16±0.22)compared to the other groups,while Group 5 had worse mean BCVA at baseline(1.68±0.45)and at 6mo postoperatively(1.27±0.64).There were no statistically significant differences in sex,age or AL between the groups(P>0.05).OCT showed that Groups 4 and 5 exhibited poorer macular anatomy compared to the other three groups,as evidenced by lower rates of central retinal reattachment(64.3%in Group 4,86.7%in Group 5)and integrity of the inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptor junction(28.6%in Group 4,26.7%in Group 5).CONCLUSION:PPV is an effective treatment for ERM in patients with HM.All groups showed postoperative improvement in BCVA compared to preoperative levels,demonstrating the necessity of surgical intervention.Early intervention,particularly before the fourth stage of the disease,may lead to better visual outcomes.展开更多
The global prevalence of myopia is becoming increasingly severe,with epidemiological models predicting that by 2050,approximately 50%of the world’s population will be affected by myopia,and about 10%will suffer from ...The global prevalence of myopia is becoming increasingly severe,with epidemiological models predicting that by 2050,approximately 50%of the world’s population will be affected by myopia,and about 10%will suffer from high myopia.The incidence of high myopia is projected to increase fivefold,making it the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment.Myopia often leads to various complications and has been associated with other ocular diseases,including early-onset cataracts,age-related macular degeneration,and primary open angle glaucoma.As a result,the control and management of myopia have become ongoing and long-term research priorities.The pathogenesis of myopia involves complex multisystem interactions.Current mainstream theories focus primarily on choroidal hypoxia-induced scleral remodeling,with neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine playing regulatory roles.However,recent studies have increasingly suggested that changes in nutritional intake,including proteins,fats,and cholesterol,may also be related to myopia development.The role of lipid metabolism in the onset and progression of myopia has gradually attracted growing attention.Therefore,this review aims to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulatory networks in axial myopia,integrating multidimensional factors to provide a theoretical foundation for precision intervention strategies.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free threedimensional(3D)technique.METHODS:Totally 50 myopic p...AIM:To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free threedimensional(3D)technique.METHODS:Totally 50 myopic patients(39 females and 11 males)with SMILE were enrolled in this prospective study.The glasses-free 3D technique was used to evaluate the binocular visual function in these subjects including static stereopsis,dynamic stereopsis,foveal suppression,and binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio(s/n ratio).All subjects received measurements in 1d before operation,and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Both static and dynamic stereopsis showed no significant difference after SMILE.The foveal suppression improved significantly 1wk and 1mo after SMILE(P=0.005 and P=0.007 respectively).The binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio showed a significant improvement 1d,1wk and 1mo after SMILE for both eyes(P<0.001 for each eye respectively).CONCLUSION:Glasses-free 3D technique can be used to evaluate the effect of SMILE on the binocular visual function in myopic patients perceptively,and SMILE can improve both foveal suppression and binocular imbalance in these patients.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of myopia in school-aged students and effects of environmental and genetic factors on the progression of myopia.METHODS:A total of 2422 students aged between 5 and...AIM:To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of myopia in school-aged students and effects of environmental and genetic factors on the progression of myopia.METHODS:A total of 2422 students aged between 5 and 18y from nine schools in Baiyun District of Guangzhou,China were sampled using a stratified sampling method in 2020.Among them,1066 students participated in the follow-up survey the following year.Data were obtained based on ocular examinations and a questionnaire survey conducted during two visits.Factors potentially influencing the progression of myopia were analyzed.RESULTS:During the year assessed in this study,the percentage of students with myopia increased from 58.4%to 64.8%(P=0.002).Spherical equivalent(SE)progressed from-1.44±1.91 diopters(D)at baseline to-1.66±1.10 D(P=0.005).A generalized estimating equation(GEE)model revealed that age[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.298,P<0.001],residential students(aOR=2.428,P=0.018),parental myopia(one myopic parent:aOR=1.553,both parents myopic:aOR=2.609,P<0.001),frequent reading of books or viewing of screens in direct sunlight(aOR=3.502,P=0.023),using only overhead lighting for reading and writing at night(aOR=1.633,P=0.011),parental restrictions on exercise time(aOR=2.286,P=0.012),and having less than 2h of outdoor exercise per day during the past week(aOR=1.584,P=0.019)were all identified as independent risk factors for progression of myopia.CONCLUSION:Our findings in this study indicate that age,residential students,parental myopia,indoor lighting environment,and physical activity have significant effects on the progression of myopia,providing evidence for further in-depth mechanistic interpretation and efficient intervention strategies for school-age children in this area.展开更多
AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ...AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(AOSLO)systems were utilized for retinal imaging with a large sampling window of 700μm×700μm.The study cohort included 14 emmetropic[spherical equivalent(SE)ranged+0.5 to-0.5 D],15 low myopic(SE ranged-0.5 to-3 D)and 21 moderate myopic(SE ranged-3 to-6 D)healthy young adults.Photoreceptors at 3°temporal,6°superior and inferior 6°were captured.Statistical analysis was then performed to obtain PCPD and cell spacing.RESULTS:The average age of participants was 22.54±2.86(ranged 20–30y)with no difference among 3 groups.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group exhibited the highest PCPD of 15186.16±2050.54 cells/mm^(2),while the low and moderate myopic groups had PCPD of 14009.15±1073.01 and 13466.92±1121.71 cells/mm2,respectively.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group also had the smallest cell spacing at 6.66±0.26 mm,compared to 6.85±0.26 and 6.91±0.28 mm for the low and moderate myopic groups,respectively.Compared to the emmetropic group,at 3°temporal,the myopic groups showed significantly reduced PCPD(low myopia:P=0.032;moderate myopia:P=0.001).At 6°inferior,the moderate myopic group exhibited a significant decrease in PCPD(P=0.013),while at 6°superior,there were no significant statistical differences in PCPD for the low and moderate myopic groups(P>0.05).In comparison to the emmetropic group,only the moderate myopic group showed significantly increased cell spacing at all three positions(temporal 3°:P=0.011,superior 6°:P=0.046,inferior 6°:P=0.013).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PCPD and axial length changes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Reduced PCPD and increased cell spacing strongly correlated with refractive error in mild to moderate myopic eyes,especially at 6°inferior to the fovea and the decreased PCPD in the macular region of myopic patients may be associated with increased axial lengthinduced retinal stretching.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To determine the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)effect by the wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin pathway in the guinea pig myopia model.METHODS:Following myopia induction and EA,guinea pig...OBJECTIVE:To determine the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)effect by the wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin pathway in the guinea pig myopia model.METHODS:Following myopia induction and EA,guinea pigs were treated with biometry to evaluate refraction and axial length.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe that the retina,choroid,and sclera had abnormal morphology.At 4,6,and 8 weeks,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)was used to identify the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-2(MMP-2)/MMP-3/tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2(TIMP-2)/TIMP-3/Wnt family member 2B(WNT2B)/WNT3A/WNT7B/beta-catenin 1(CTNNB1),and dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1(DKK-1)m RNAs in the retina,choroid,and sclera.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of WNT7B/2B/3A,CTNNB1 and DKK-1 in retina,choroid and sclera at 4 weeks.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-3/TIMP-3 in serum at 4 weeks.Moreover,a DKK-1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity,and the expression of the above molecules was detected.RESULTS:EA could reduce the optic axial length and diopter and ameliorate ocular pathology,inhibited the expression of MMP-2/MMP-3 and WNT2B/WNT3A/WNT7B/CTNNB1,while increased the expression levels of TIMP-2/TIMP-3 and DKK-1.However,the expression levels of WNT2B/WNT3A/WNT7B/CTNNB1 and MMP-2/MMP-3 were significantly increased,and the TIMP-2/TIMP-3 and DKK-1 expression levels were decreased after injected DKK-1 inhibitor.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of EA's effects on myopia may involve the downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and correct MMP-2/MMP-3/TIMP-2/TIMP-3 balance.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining posterior scleral contraction(PSC)with intravitreal perfluoropropane(C_(3)F_(8))injection in high myopia with macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).METHODS:A total ...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining posterior scleral contraction(PSC)with intravitreal perfluoropropane(C_(3)F_(8))injection in high myopia with macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).METHODS:A total of 22 participants(22 eyes)with high myopia[axial length(AL)≥26.5 mm]and MHRD who underwent PSC combined with intravitreal C_(3)F_(8)injection,with at least 6mo of follow-up were retrospectively recruited.Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),AL,optical coherence tomography(OCT)findings,and adverse events.Retinal recovery was categorized as type Ⅰ(macular hole bridging with retinal reattachment)or type Ⅱ(reattachment without hole bridging).RESULTS:The mean age of participants was 62.1±8.8y and mean follow-up duration was 9.18±4.21mo.Complete retinal reattachment was observed in 11 eyes(50%)at postoperative day 1,19 eyes(86.3%)at week 1,and all 22 eyes at month 1.Ten eyes(45.5%)achieved type Ⅰ recovery and 12 eyes(54.5%)achieved type Ⅱ.Mean BCVA improved from 1.68±0.84 logMAR before surgery to 1.21±0.65 logMAR after surgery(P<0.001),and AL was significantly reduced compared to baseline(29.07±2.05 vs 30.8±2.2 mm;P<0.001).No serious complications were reported.CONCLUSION:PSC combined with intravitreal C_(3)F_(8)injection is a safe and effective treatment for MHRD in highly myopic eyes,especially for retinal detachment limited within the vascular arcade.展开更多
This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study...This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study empirically examines the effect of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.We integrate the“1+N”policy framework under China’s dual-carbon goals of peaking emssions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,and propose a dual governance framework.The results show that managerial shortsightedness significantly contributes to urban carbon emissions,and this effect is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of carbon emissions and in first-and second-tier central cities.The mediating effect analysis indicate that managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting corporate green technological innovation.The moderating effect analysis shows that public media attention and government environmental regulation effectively mitigate the adverse impact of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.Theoretically,this study reveals the mechanism by which managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting green technology innovation and emphasizes the key roles of public media attention and government environmental regulation in mitigating this negative effect.This study provides important implications for policy rationale,especially for developing countries,for promoting green innovation and strengthening environmental governance to reduce carbon emissions.展开更多
基金Supported by Key R&D Plan of Shaanxi Province:Key Industrial Innovation Chain(Cluster)-Social Development Field(No.2022ZDLSF03-10)the 2025 Youth Training Project of the Xi’an Municipal Health Commission(No.2025qn05)+1 种基金Xi’an Medical Research-Discipline Capacity Building Project(No.23YXYJ0002)Research Incubation Fund of Xi’an People’s Hospital(Xi’an Fourth Hospital)(No.LH-13).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of myopia and identify its associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Xi’an,China.METHODS:In a school-based cross-sectional design,students ranging from kindergarten to high school across Xi’an were enrolled.Ophthalmic examinations were performed to assess refractive status via non-cycloplegic refraction.Myopia was defined as SE≤-0.5 D,with stratification into mild(SE:≤-0.5 to>-3.0 D),moderate(SE:≤-3.0 to>-6.0 D),and high myopia(SE≤-6.0 D).Data on potential risk factors such as age,gender,and educational level were obtained through structured questionnaires.RESULTS:The study included 156416 participants,with 81389 boys(52.0%)and 75027 girls(48.0%).The prevalence rates of myopia were 65.67%for boys and 68.83%for girls.Data collection occurred over two consecutive years,2021 and 2022,with 78849 and 77567 participants,respectively.The prevalence of myopia was 67.65%in 2021 and decreased slightly to 66.71%in 2022.The high myopia rates were 3.85%and 3.43%for these years,respectively.Analysis revealed significant risk factors including gender,age,and educational level,with a distinct positive correlation between increased educational level and higher myopia prevalence.Notably,both genders exhibited a significant decrease in moderate myopia over the study period,with reductions of 1.7%and 1.2%.CONCLUSION:This comprehensive study underscores the substantial prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi’an,marking it as a significant public health concern.The correlation with higher educational levels suggests the need for targeted interventions aimed at myopia prevention and management.These findings contribute critically to the body of knowledge necessary for formulating effective public health strategies in Xi’an and potentially other similar regions.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2023A1111120011)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515010801).
文摘Objective:To investigate the lifestyle and myopia among primary school students in urban areas of Fujian with the context of myopia prevention and control measures,aiming to provide scientific evidence for identifying high-risk myopia population and formulating effective intervention strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2023,enrolling 811 fourth-grade students from three primary schools in three cities across Fujian.Personal information and lifestyle-related pattern were collected using customized questionnaire.Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments including distance visual acuity tests and refractive examinations.Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of lifestyle on the onset of myopia.Results:The prevalence of myopia among fourth-grade students in urban primary schools in Fujian was 46.4%.Only 25.8%students engaged in outdoor activities for more than 2 hours daily,while63.3%participated in outdoor activities during class breaks.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that outdoor activities during class breaks(OR=0.646(95%confidence interval(CI):0.473-0.881),P=0.006)and daily time spent outdoors(2-3 hours,OR=0.682(95%CI:0.466-0.993),P=0.047;more than 3 hours,OR=0.403(95%CI:0.192-0.796),P=0.01)were independent protective factors against myopia.Lifestyle significantly enhanced the predictive performance for myopia(P=0.01).Additionally,parental myopia(one parent with myopia,OR=2.247(95%CI:1.612-3.145),P<0.001;both parents with myopia,OR=4.824(95%CI:3.262-7.204),P<0.001)emerged as a key risk factor for myopia.Conclusions:There is considerable scope for improving the lifestyle of primary school students in urban areas of Fujian.Lifestyle is strongly associated with myopia onset,highlighting the need for schools and families to actively encourage students to engage in more outdoor activities and take breaks outdoors to prevent and control myopia.Students with parents,especially both parents,having myopia should be considered as a key target group for myopia prevention efforts.
文摘Objective To compare the efficacy of toric implantable collamer lens(Toric-ICL)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction in patients with moderate to high myopia complicated with astigmatism.Methods We retrospectively collected data from 64 patients(aged 18-42 years)with moderate to high myopia complicated with astigmatism(128 eyes)undergoing either Toric-ICL(28 patients/56 eyes)or FS-LASIK(36 patients/72 eyes)at our department between January,2019 and December,2020.The changes of uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA),spherical equivalent(SE),mean astigmatism correction index(CI),corneal endothelial cell density(ECD)and intraocular pressure(IOP)following the procedures were compared between the two groups.Results In FS-LASIK group,all the eyes(72/72)achieved an UCVA≥1.0,similar to the rate in Toric-ICL group(55/56 eyes;P=0.2374).The postoperative SE was also comparable between FS-LASIK and Toric-ICL groups[0.43±0.06 D(range:-1.0 to 1.50 D)vs 0.38±0.05 D(range:-0.75 to 1.00 D);P=0.56].The mean astigmatism CI was significantly higher in FS-LASIK group than in Toric-ICL group(0.8561 vs 0.7176;P<0.0001),and 88.89%of the eyes in FS-LASIK group and 69.64%in Toric-ICL group had postoperative astigmatism≤0.50 D.No significant changes were observed in postoperative corneal ECD in FS-LASIK group,whereas ECD decreased significantly after the procedure in Toric-ICL group(P=0.0057).The patients undergoing Toric-ICL exhibited no significant changes of postoperative IOP,but the patients receiving FS-LASIK had significantly reduced IOP after the procedure(P<0.001).Conclusion Although the patients included in Toric-ICL group had higher myopia and astigmatism,Toric-ICL still showed better predictability and efficacy for astigmatic correction in Toric-ICL group.Toric-ICL is an effective and safe equivalent of FS-LASIK for correcting moderate myopia but can be more advantageous for correcting high myopia with astigmatism.
基金Supported by Sichuan Province Science and Technology Plan(No.2023YFS0506)Medical Research Project of Jinniu District,Chengdu,Sichuan Province(No.JNKY2024-94)Xinglin Scholar Program at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYTS2023028).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of microlens design of peripheral defocus modifying spectacle lenses(PDMSLs)and non-microlens design of PDMSLs on controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents.METHODS:A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,and Web of Science databases.The search targeted randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies(CTs)that explored the effects of PDMSLs on myopia control among children and adolescents.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were employed to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies.The published biases of the included studies were evaluated using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Nine studies(7 RCTs,2 CTs)were included,involving 4332 participants in the PDMSLs group and 7317 participants in the single vision lenses(SVLs)group.Metaanalysis showed that PDMSLs with microlens design had lower change in spherical equivalent refraction(SER)than SVLs at 6,12,18,and 24mo after wearing glasses,with reductions of 0.19 D(95%CI:0.14 to 0.24,P<0.00001),0.36 D(95%CI:0.25 to 0.46,P<0.00001),0.43 D(95%CI:0.32 to 0.55,P<0.00001),and 0.51 D(95%CI:0.33 to 0.69,P<0.00001),respectively.The changes in axial length(AL)were also lower in PDMSLs compared to SVLs,with reductions of-0.09 mm(95%CI:-0.13 to-0.04,P=0.0002),-0.15 mm(95%CI:-0.21 to-0.08,P<0.00001),-0.27 mm(95%CI:-0.34 to-0.20,P<0.00001),and-0.29 mm(95%CI:-0.38 to-0.20,P<0.00001),respectively.There was no significant difference between the non-microlens group and SVLs in controlling the changes of SER and AL in myopia(both P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The synthesized evidence indicates superior myopia management outcomes with microlens design of PDMSLs compared to both SVLs and nonmicrolens design of PDMSLs in children and adolescents.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960181).
文摘AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were analyzed,including corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism(CA),horizontal corneal diameter(white-to-white,WTW),corneal volume(CV),pupil diameter(PD),anterior chamber angle(ACA),anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV)and axial length(AL).RESULTS:In total,2932 participants were included in the final analysis,comprising 2310 Han and 622 Uyghur adults.Adults in the high myopia(HM)group had steeper K2,larger CA,smaller WTW and longer AL in both the Uyghur and Han adults(all P<0.05).The moderate myopia(MM)and HM group had deeper ACV,ACD and wider ACA than the low myopia(all P<0.05)in Han adults,however there were no differences in anterior chamber indices with Uyghur adults.In the Uyghur adults,we noticed that CV,WTW,and ACD were smaller,ACA was narrower,PD was larger,and AL was shorter(all P<0.05).We also noticed sex differences:males had flatter corneas,deeper ACD and ACV,and larger WTW than females(all P<0.05).In the correlation analysis,WTW was positively correlated with ACD and ACV but negatively correlated with K1,K2 and CV(all P<0.05).Narrower ACA was associated with larger PD(rU=-0.25,rH=-0.16,all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The Han population have different biometric parameters in eyes with HM compared to the Uyghur population,and the Uyghur population may anatomically more susceptible to primary angle closure glaucoma than the Han population.
文摘Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of increasing the time of outdoor activities on the incidence of myopia and physical well-being in children has been widely recognized.However,in countries with highly competitive education systems,such as China,parents and school administrators may be reluctant to increase their children's time for extracurricular outdoor activities for fear of affecting their academic performance.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately assess the role of after-school outdoor activities in preventing and controlling myopia,as well as in promoting the physical and mental development of adolescents.Schools and families should be encouraged to collaboratively support children’s engagement in outdoor activities to foster their healthy growth.Given the dual benefits of outdoor activities-improving visual health and promoting overall physical and mental well-being-it is essential to encourage schools and families to work together to support children's engagement in such activities.By doing so,it is hoped that a balanced environment can be created,one that values both academic achievement and healthy development.Policymakers,educators,and parents must recognize the long-term advantages of integrating outdoor activities into children's daily lives,as this approach can help alleviate the burden of myopia,enhance physical fitness,and support emotional and cognitive development.Ultimately,fostering a culture that views outdoor activities as an essential component of education and health will be key to ensuring the well-rounded development of future generations.
基金Supported by Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2021-4-15).
文摘AIM:To compare the effects of different types of negative pressure suction on the macular and optic disc retinal vessel density(VD)in myopic patients with different axial lengths(ALs)undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A prospective,nonrandomized,controlled study.Participants underwent FS-LASIK surgery were divided into the short AL group(SAL,22≤AL<26 mm)and the long AL group(LAL,26≤AL<28 mm)according to the different ALs.Further,the two groups were divided into subgroups according to the corneal flap using VisuMax or WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser(FS)platform.All patients underwent OCTA before the surgery and 1-day/1-week/1-month after the surgery.ANOVA statistically analyzed data with two-factor repeated measurement in SPSS.RESULTS:Totally 108 participants(108 eyes,18–35y)were divided into SAL group[22 patients(4 males and 18 females)were treated with VisuMax,and 24(3 males and 21 females)were treated with WaveLight FS200]and LAL group[34 patients(4 males and 30 females)were treated with VisuMax,and 28 patients(6 males and 22 females)were treated with WaveLight FS200].In the LAL group,there was no significant difference in macular superficial capillary plexuses vessel density(SCP-VD)in the fovea and perifovea region,but compared with the VisuMax subgroup,SCP-VD in the parafoveal region(t=2.647,P=0.010)and the whole area(t=2.030,P=0.047)in WaveLight FS200 subgroup decreased at one day after the operation and increased to a preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month after operation.There was no significant difference between SCP-VD in the two SAL subgroups,neither of deep capillary plexuses vessel density(DCP-VD)and optic nerve head vessel density(ONH-VD)in the SAL and LAL groups.CONCLUSION:With the increase of AL and suction intensity,a transient decrease of SCP-VD in the macular region is observed at 1d postoperatively during FS-LASIK,and it increases to preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month postoperatively.However,the AL and suction intensity do not affect the macular DCP-VD and ONH-VD.
基金Supported by the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2020KY191).
文摘AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.
基金supported by Healthy China initiative of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.889042).
文摘Currently,the number of patients with myopia is increasing rapidly across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its long history and rich experience,has shown promise in effectively managing and treating this condition.Nevertheless,considering the vast amount of research that is currently being conducted,focusing on the utilization of TCM in the management of myopia,there is an urgent requirement for a thorough and comprehensive review.The review would serve to clarify the practical applications of TCM within this specific field,and it would also aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that are at play,providing a deeper understanding of how TCM principles can be effectively integrated into modern medical practices.Here,some modern medical pathogenesis of myopia and appropriate TCM techniques studies are summarized in the prevention and treatment of myopia.Further,we discussed the potential mechanisms and the future research directions of TCM against myopia.Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for understanding how TCM can be effectively utilized in this context.The combination of various TCM methods or the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is of great significance for the prevention and control of myopia in the future.
基金Supported by Ongoing Research Funding Program(No.ORF-2025-1160),King Saud University,Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
文摘AIM:To investigate short-term changes in choroidal thickness in response to peripheral myopic defocus induced by two designs of multifocal corneal gas permeable contact lenses(MFGPCL)in young adults.METHODS:Seventeen participants,with a mean age of 24.5±4y,underwent choroidal thickness and vascularity index measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI OCT)at baseline,one day,and one week following MFGPCL wear.Two center-distance MFGPCL designs with similar center zone diameters of 3.0 mm but different peripheral add powers(low add:+1.5 D and high add:+3.0 D)were tested.Each participant was randomly assigned to wear one of the two MFGPCL designs.Measurements of total,luminal,and stromal choroid thickness were obtained in five eccentric regions(6 mm towards the periphery)in all quadrants.RESULTS:Significant thickening in total choroidal thickness were observed after one week of wearing both high add(+10±6µm)and low add(+7±5µm)MFGPCLs,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.42).Choroidal thickening was consistent across eccentric regions and quadrants,with no significant differences based on eccentricity or quadrant(all P>0.05).Both lens designs induced choroidal thickening,with no significant difference between them in total choroidal thickness(P=0.18 for quadrants,P=0.51 for eccentric regions).CONCLUSION:Peripheral myopic defocus induced by MFGPCLs lead to significant choroidal thickening,including total,luminal,and stromal components.This study highlights the need for future research to explore the dose-response relationship between peripheral myopic defocus and choroidal thickening,utilizing choroidal response as a potential biomarker.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan(No.2023ZL241)Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Plan(No.2025KY648).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of different monochromatic lights on the refractive status and the secretion levels of neurotransmitters in the progressive myopic model of guinea pigs.METHODS:Guinea pigs(n=90)underwent different monochromatic lights irradiation for two weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups:white light(control),ultraviolet(UV),blue,green,red,and simulative sunlight(simSUN).The refractive status and axial length(AL)were measured.Transmission electron microscopy,Masson’s trichrome staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to observe the structural changes of retina and sclera.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure neurotransmitters and their receptors.RESULTS:Myopia models were established successfully.When compared the degrees of change in myopic eyes of control group,the UV group showed a minor decrease in AL and refraction,along with a significant increase in scleral thickness.In contrast,the red and green groups revealed a net increase in AL and refraction,coupled with a net decrease in scleral thickness(all,P<0.01).The dopamine concentration increased in the UV group,while concentrations of serotonin and melatonin significantly decreased(all,P<0.01).The groups that were exposed to UV,blue and simSUN,the expression of dopamine receptor D2(DRD2)increased,and the expression of hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A(HTR2A)and melatonin receptor type 2(MT2)decreased significantly when compared to the control group(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Exposure to short-wavelength light could slow the development of myopia by promoting the production of dopamine and suppressing the serotonin and melatonin concentration.The neurotransmitter receptors MT2,DRD2,and HTR2A in the sclera appear to play different roles by different color lights in myopic guinea pigs.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFA0915000)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of 0.01%low-concentration atropine(LA)on quantitative contrast sensitivity function(qCSF)in children with myopia.METHODS:This paired case-control study included 90 eyes of 58 children who were sex-,age-,and refractionmatched and equally divided into two groups:the 0.01%LA group had undergone 6mo use of daily 0.01%atropine and control group was naïve to LA.Routine ophthalmic examinations and qCSF test without refractive correction were performed.Two groups were compared in monocular and binocular qCSF parameters,including the area under logCSF,CSF acuity,and contrast sensitivity(CS)at 1.0-18.0 cycle per degree(cpd).RESULTS:In the monocular comparison,the CSF acuity of the LA group was significantly higher than that of the control group(7.58±5.51 vs 6.37±4.22 cpd,P<0.05).The subgroup analysis showed that in the 6-9y group,CSF acuity was significantly higher in the LA group than the control group(8.76±6.19 vs 6.54±4.25 cpd,P<0.05),and in the Female group,low refraction sphere group,and high refraction cylinder group,the CS at high spatial frequencies(12.0 and 18.0 cpd)were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(all P<0.05).In the binocular test,CSF acuity and CS at 12.0 cpd were significantly higher in the LA group than in the control group(10.95±7.00 vs 8.65±5.12 cpd;0.17±0.33 vs 0.06±0.16,respectively;both P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Use of LA may result in improved CS in children with early onset myopia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371084).
文摘AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 50 eyes from 49 patients diagnosed with ERM,who were highly myopic and underwent PPV were retrospectively analyzed.The patients with ERM were classified into five groups based on the characteristics associated with different levels of myopic traction maculopathy.Group 1:Simple ERM without complex vertical and tangential direction traction on retina on optical coherence tomography(OCT)image;Group 2:ERM with obvious macular foveal schisis,without macular hole(MH);Group 3:ERM with inner lamellar MH,with or without macular foveal schisis;Group 4:ERM with outer lamellar MH,with or without foveal retinal detachment(RD);Group 5:ERM with full-thickness MH.Baseline characteristics,changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after surgery,and anatomical characteristics through spectral domain OCT were compared.RESULTS:The 50 eyes were followed for 6mo,with an average age of 58.66y and an average axial length(AL)of 28.69 mm.Among the five groups,postoperative logMAR BCVA improved(P<0.05).Group 1 had better mean BCVA at baseline(0.59±0.36)and at 6mo postoperatively(0.16±0.22)compared to the other groups,while Group 5 had worse mean BCVA at baseline(1.68±0.45)and at 6mo postoperatively(1.27±0.64).There were no statistically significant differences in sex,age or AL between the groups(P>0.05).OCT showed that Groups 4 and 5 exhibited poorer macular anatomy compared to the other three groups,as evidenced by lower rates of central retinal reattachment(64.3%in Group 4,86.7%in Group 5)and integrity of the inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptor junction(28.6%in Group 4,26.7%in Group 5).CONCLUSION:PPV is an effective treatment for ERM in patients with HM.All groups showed postoperative improvement in BCVA compared to preoperative levels,demonstrating the necessity of surgical intervention.Early intervention,particularly before the fourth stage of the disease,may lead to better visual outcomes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000922,No.81870647).
文摘The global prevalence of myopia is becoming increasingly severe,with epidemiological models predicting that by 2050,approximately 50%of the world’s population will be affected by myopia,and about 10%will suffer from high myopia.The incidence of high myopia is projected to increase fivefold,making it the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment.Myopia often leads to various complications and has been associated with other ocular diseases,including early-onset cataracts,age-related macular degeneration,and primary open angle glaucoma.As a result,the control and management of myopia have become ongoing and long-term research priorities.The pathogenesis of myopia involves complex multisystem interactions.Current mainstream theories focus primarily on choroidal hypoxia-induced scleral remodeling,with neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine playing regulatory roles.However,recent studies have increasingly suggested that changes in nutritional intake,including proteins,fats,and cholesterol,may also be related to myopia development.The role of lipid metabolism in the onset and progression of myopia has gradually attracted growing attention.Therefore,this review aims to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulatory networks in axial myopia,integrating multidimensional factors to provide a theoretical foundation for precision intervention strategies.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.23NSFSC0856).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the binocular visual function in myopic patients with glasses-free threedimensional(3D)technique.METHODS:Totally 50 myopic patients(39 females and 11 males)with SMILE were enrolled in this prospective study.The glasses-free 3D technique was used to evaluate the binocular visual function in these subjects including static stereopsis,dynamic stereopsis,foveal suppression,and binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio(s/n ratio).All subjects received measurements in 1d before operation,and 1d,1wk,and 1mo postoperatively.RESULTS:Both static and dynamic stereopsis showed no significant difference after SMILE.The foveal suppression improved significantly 1wk and 1mo after SMILE(P=0.005 and P=0.007 respectively).The binocular balance point of signal to noise ratio showed a significant improvement 1d,1wk and 1mo after SMILE for both eyes(P<0.001 for each eye respectively).CONCLUSION:Glasses-free 3D technique can be used to evaluate the effect of SMILE on the binocular visual function in myopic patients perceptively,and SMILE can improve both foveal suppression and binocular imbalance in these patients.
基金Supported by the Guangzhou Health Science and Technology Project(No.20221A010077)the Guangdong Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(No.A2020146).
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of myopia in school-aged students and effects of environmental and genetic factors on the progression of myopia.METHODS:A total of 2422 students aged between 5 and 18y from nine schools in Baiyun District of Guangzhou,China were sampled using a stratified sampling method in 2020.Among them,1066 students participated in the follow-up survey the following year.Data were obtained based on ocular examinations and a questionnaire survey conducted during two visits.Factors potentially influencing the progression of myopia were analyzed.RESULTS:During the year assessed in this study,the percentage of students with myopia increased from 58.4%to 64.8%(P=0.002).Spherical equivalent(SE)progressed from-1.44±1.91 diopters(D)at baseline to-1.66±1.10 D(P=0.005).A generalized estimating equation(GEE)model revealed that age[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.298,P<0.001],residential students(aOR=2.428,P=0.018),parental myopia(one myopic parent:aOR=1.553,both parents myopic:aOR=2.609,P<0.001),frequent reading of books or viewing of screens in direct sunlight(aOR=3.502,P=0.023),using only overhead lighting for reading and writing at night(aOR=1.633,P=0.011),parental restrictions on exercise time(aOR=2.286,P=0.012),and having less than 2h of outdoor exercise per day during the past week(aOR=1.584,P=0.019)were all identified as independent risk factors for progression of myopia.CONCLUSION:Our findings in this study indicate that age,residential students,parental myopia,indoor lighting environment,and physical activity have significant effects on the progression of myopia,providing evidence for further in-depth mechanistic interpretation and efficient intervention strategies for school-age children in this area.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271107).
文摘AIM:To assess the variations in photoreceptor cell packing density(PCPD)across the retina among young healthy individuals with emmetropia,low and moderate myopia.METHODS:High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(AOSLO)systems were utilized for retinal imaging with a large sampling window of 700μm×700μm.The study cohort included 14 emmetropic[spherical equivalent(SE)ranged+0.5 to-0.5 D],15 low myopic(SE ranged-0.5 to-3 D)and 21 moderate myopic(SE ranged-3 to-6 D)healthy young adults.Photoreceptors at 3°temporal,6°superior and inferior 6°were captured.Statistical analysis was then performed to obtain PCPD and cell spacing.RESULTS:The average age of participants was 22.54±2.86(ranged 20–30y)with no difference among 3 groups.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group exhibited the highest PCPD of 15186.16±2050.54 cells/mm^(2),while the low and moderate myopic groups had PCPD of 14009.15±1073.01 and 13466.92±1121.71 cells/mm2,respectively.At 3°temporal,the emmetropic group also had the smallest cell spacing at 6.66±0.26 mm,compared to 6.85±0.26 and 6.91±0.28 mm for the low and moderate myopic groups,respectively.Compared to the emmetropic group,at 3°temporal,the myopic groups showed significantly reduced PCPD(low myopia:P=0.032;moderate myopia:P=0.001).At 6°inferior,the moderate myopic group exhibited a significant decrease in PCPD(P=0.013),while at 6°superior,there were no significant statistical differences in PCPD for the low and moderate myopic groups(P>0.05).In comparison to the emmetropic group,only the moderate myopic group showed significantly increased cell spacing at all three positions(temporal 3°:P=0.011,superior 6°:P=0.046,inferior 6°:P=0.013).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PCPD and axial length changes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Reduced PCPD and increased cell spacing strongly correlated with refractive error in mild to moderate myopic eyes,especially at 6°inferior to the fovea and the decreased PCPD in the macular region of myopic patients may be associated with increased axial lengthinduced retinal stretching.
基金Supported by the National Natural Youth Science Foundation:Research on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment via the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor(mAChR1)Signaling Pathway for Myopia Intervention(82205198)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project:Research on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment via the mAChR1 Signaling Pathway for Myopia Intervention(2022M711984)+5 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Program:to Investigate the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Myopia Associated eith Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome through the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors(M-AChRs)Signaling Pathway(ZR2020MH393)Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province:Research on the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture in Treating Myopia with"Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome"through the M-AChRs/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling Pathway(202101012)China Postdoctoral Foundation General Program:to Investigate the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Myopia Associated with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome through the M-AChRs Signaling Pathway(2020M672127)National Natural Science Foundation:Research on the Influence of Acupuncture on the Accommodative Function and Visual Cortex Functional Network of Myopia and its Mechanism(82074498)National Key R&D Project:National Key Research and Development Program"Basic Research on High Myopia"(2019YFC1710200)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Research on the Relationship between Lens-Induced Myopia based on Omics Technology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types and its Molecular Mechanism(82474579)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To determine the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)effect by the wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin pathway in the guinea pig myopia model.METHODS:Following myopia induction and EA,guinea pigs were treated with biometry to evaluate refraction and axial length.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe that the retina,choroid,and sclera had abnormal morphology.At 4,6,and 8 weeks,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)was used to identify the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-2(MMP-2)/MMP-3/tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2(TIMP-2)/TIMP-3/Wnt family member 2B(WNT2B)/WNT3A/WNT7B/beta-catenin 1(CTNNB1),and dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1(DKK-1)m RNAs in the retina,choroid,and sclera.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of WNT7B/2B/3A,CTNNB1 and DKK-1 in retina,choroid and sclera at 4 weeks.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-3/TIMP-3 in serum at 4 weeks.Moreover,a DKK-1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity,and the expression of the above molecules was detected.RESULTS:EA could reduce the optic axial length and diopter and ameliorate ocular pathology,inhibited the expression of MMP-2/MMP-3 and WNT2B/WNT3A/WNT7B/CTNNB1,while increased the expression levels of TIMP-2/TIMP-3 and DKK-1.However,the expression levels of WNT2B/WNT3A/WNT7B/CTNNB1 and MMP-2/MMP-3 were significantly increased,and the TIMP-2/TIMP-3 and DKK-1 expression levels were decreased after injected DKK-1 inhibitor.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of EA's effects on myopia may involve the downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and correct MMP-2/MMP-3/TIMP-2/TIMP-3 balance.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining posterior scleral contraction(PSC)with intravitreal perfluoropropane(C_(3)F_(8))injection in high myopia with macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).METHODS:A total of 22 participants(22 eyes)with high myopia[axial length(AL)≥26.5 mm]and MHRD who underwent PSC combined with intravitreal C_(3)F_(8)injection,with at least 6mo of follow-up were retrospectively recruited.Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),AL,optical coherence tomography(OCT)findings,and adverse events.Retinal recovery was categorized as type Ⅰ(macular hole bridging with retinal reattachment)or type Ⅱ(reattachment without hole bridging).RESULTS:The mean age of participants was 62.1±8.8y and mean follow-up duration was 9.18±4.21mo.Complete retinal reattachment was observed in 11 eyes(50%)at postoperative day 1,19 eyes(86.3%)at week 1,and all 22 eyes at month 1.Ten eyes(45.5%)achieved type Ⅰ recovery and 12 eyes(54.5%)achieved type Ⅱ.Mean BCVA improved from 1.68±0.84 logMAR before surgery to 1.21±0.65 logMAR after surgery(P<0.001),and AL was significantly reduced compared to baseline(29.07±2.05 vs 30.8±2.2 mm;P<0.001).No serious complications were reported.CONCLUSION:PSC combined with intravitreal C_(3)F_(8)injection is a safe and effective treatment for MHRD in highly myopic eyes,especially for retinal detachment limited within the vascular arcade.
基金supported by the Project of the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund[Grant No.24YJC 790245].
文摘This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study empirically examines the effect of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.We integrate the“1+N”policy framework under China’s dual-carbon goals of peaking emssions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,and propose a dual governance framework.The results show that managerial shortsightedness significantly contributes to urban carbon emissions,and this effect is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of carbon emissions and in first-and second-tier central cities.The mediating effect analysis indicate that managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting corporate green technological innovation.The moderating effect analysis shows that public media attention and government environmental regulation effectively mitigate the adverse impact of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.Theoretically,this study reveals the mechanism by which managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting green technology innovation and emphasizes the key roles of public media attention and government environmental regulation in mitigating this negative effect.This study provides important implications for policy rationale,especially for developing countries,for promoting green innovation and strengthening environmental governance to reduce carbon emissions.
