Intrapancreatic fat deposition(IPFD)has garnered increasing attention in recent years.The prevalence of IPFD is relatively high and associated with factors such as obesity,age,and sex.However,the pathophysiological me...Intrapancreatic fat deposition(IPFD)has garnered increasing attention in recent years.The prevalence of IPFD is relatively high and associated with factors such as obesity,age,and sex.However,the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IPFD remain unclear,with several potential contributing factors,including oxida-tive stress,alterations in the gut microbiota,and hormonal imbalances.IPFD was found to be highly correlated with the occurrence and prognosis of exocrine pan-creatic diseases.Although imaging techniques remain the primary diagnostic approach for IPFD,an expanding array of biomarkers and clinical scoring systems have been identified for screening purposes.Currently,effective treatments for IPFD are not available;however,existing medications,such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,and new therapeutic approaches explored in animal models have shown considerable potential for managing this disease.This paper reviews the pathogenesis of IPFD,its association with exocrine pancreatic disea-ses,and recent advancements in its diagnosis and treatment,emphasizing the significant clinical relevance of IPFD.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,t...Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.展开更多
The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,whic...The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.展开更多
The layer-by-layer deposition strategy of additive manufacturing makes it ideal to fabricate dissimilar alloy components with varying functionality,which has promising application potential in a large number of indust...The layer-by-layer deposition strategy of additive manufacturing makes it ideal to fabricate dissimilar alloy components with varying functionality,which has promising application potential in a large number of industrial areas.In this study,two components composed of ERCuAl-A2 aluminum bronze(CuAl9)and Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy were fabricated with different deposition orders by wire-arc directed energy deposition.Subject to changes in heat input and thermophysical properties of the substrate,the transition region of the deposited Cu-Ni component with the bottom half of CuAl9 and the top half of Inconel 718 is narrow and serrated.This region features a laminated intermetallic compound layer due to the convection and rapid cooling in the molten pool.In contrast,the Ni-Cu component deposited in the opposite order exhibits a 2 mm gradient transition zone.Within this region,a large number of diverse precipitates were found as well as regional variations in grain size due to the multi-layer partial remelting.Both two components show strong bonds and their tensile specimens tested along the vertical direction always fracture at the softer CuAl9 side.Excellent tensile properties along the horizontal direction were obtained for Cu-Ni(Ultimate tensile strength:573 MPa,yield stress:302 MPa,elongation:22%),while those of Ni-Cu are much lower due to the existence of the solidification cracks in the transition zone.The results from this study provide a reference for the additive manufacturing of Cu/Ni dissimilar alloy components,as well as their microstructure and mechanical properties control.展开更多
The application of machine learning for pyrite discrimination establishes a robust foundation for constructing the ore-forming history of multi-stage deposits;however,published models face challenges related to limite...The application of machine learning for pyrite discrimination establishes a robust foundation for constructing the ore-forming history of multi-stage deposits;however,published models face challenges related to limited,imbalanced datasets and oversampling.In this study,the dataset was expanded to approximately 500 samples for each type,including 508 sedimentary,573 orogenic gold,548 sedimentary exhalative(SEDEX)deposits,and 364 volcanogenic massive sulfides(VMS)pyrites,utilizing random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)methodologies to enhance the reliability of the classifier models.The RF classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 99.8%,and the SVM classifier attained an overall accuracy of 100%.The model was evaluated by a five-fold cross-validation approach with 93.8%accuracy for the RF and 94.9%for the SVM classifier.These results demonstrate the strong feasibility of pyrite classification,supported by a relatively large,balanced dataset and high accuracy rates.The classifier was employed to reveal the genesis of the controversial Keketale Pb-Zn deposit in NW China,which has been inconclusive among SEDEX,VMS,or a SEDEX-VMS transition.Petrographic investigations indicated that the deposit comprises early fine-grained layered pyrite(Py1)and late recrystallized pyrite(Py2).The majority voting classified Py1 as the VMS type,with an accuracy of RF and SVM being 72.2%and 75%,respectively,and confirmed Py2 as an orogenic type with 74.3% and 77.1%accuracy,respectively.The new findings indicated that the Keketale deposit originated from a submarine VMS mineralization system,followed by late orogenic-type overprinting of metamorphism and deformation,which is consistent with the geological and geochemical observations.This study further emphasizes the advantages of Machine learning(ML)methods in accurately and directly discriminating the deposit types and reconstructing the formation history of multi-stage deposits.展开更多
Solution and aging treatment were conducted on the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)-prepared carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-reinforced WE43(CNTs/WE43)layers to optimize their microstructure and surface properties in thi...Solution and aging treatment were conducted on the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)-prepared carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-reinforced WE43(CNTs/WE43)layers to optimize their microstructure and surface properties in this study.The microstructure of the WE43 and CNTs/WE43 layers was systematically compared.The dissolution of divorced eutectics at the grain boundaries was retarded by CNTs during solution treatment.The spot segregation composed of Mg_(24)Y_(5),CNTs,and Zr cores in the solution treated CNTs/WE43 layer presented a slight decreasing in Y content.The grain growth of both types of layers underwent three stages:slow,rapid,and steady-state.The significant inhibitory effect of CNTs on the grain growth of the LDED WE43 matrix was more pronounced than the promoting effect of temperature,resulting in a 47%increase at 510℃ and a 35%increase at 540℃ in the grain growth exponent compared to the WE43 layers at 510℃.During the subsequent aging treatment at 225℃,the precipitation sequences from plate-shaped β″to plate-shaped and globular β′ were observed in both types of layers.CNTs can facilitate an increase in the nucleation rate of precipitates,but without accelerating precipitation hardening rate.The long and short diameters of the precipitates in peak-aged state were decreased by 48.5%and 43.1%by addition of CNTs,respectively.The wear resistance of both the WE43 and CNTs/WE43 layers can be significantly enhanced through solution and aging treatment.The enhancement in wear resistance for the CNTs/WE43 layers is considerably greater than that of the WE43 layers.展开更多
Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing po...Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.展开更多
Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous Si...Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous SiO_(2) refractive index gradient anti-reflective film prepared by atomic layer deposition(ALD).A porous SiO_(2) film with gradual porosity was obtained by phosphoric acid etching of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) multilayers with gradient Al2O3 ratios,achieving a gradual decrease in refractive index from the substrate to the surface.The film exhibited an average transmittance as high as 97.8%within the wavelength range from 320 nm to 1200 nm.The environmental adaptability was further enhanced by surface modification using rare earth oxide(REO)La_(2)O_(3),resulting in formation of a lotus leaf-like structure and achieving a water contact angle of 100.0°.These data proved that the modification significantly improved hydrophobic self-cleaning capability while maintaining exceptional transparency of the film.The surface structure of the modified film remained undamaged even after undergoing wipe testing,demonstrating its excellent surface durability.展开更多
The crack initiation and early propagation are of great significance to the overall fatigue life of material.In order to investigate the anisotropic fracture behavior of laser metal deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy(LMD Ti64)...The crack initiation and early propagation are of great significance to the overall fatigue life of material.In order to investigate the anisotropic fracture behavior of laser metal deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy(LMD Ti64)during the early stage,the fourpoint bending fatigue test was carried out on specimens of three different directions,as well as the forged specimens.The results indicate the anisotropic crack initiation and early propagation of LMD Ti64.The direction perpendicular to the deposition direction exhibits a better fatigue resistance than the other two.The crack initiation position and propagation path are dominated by the microstructure in the vicinity of U-notch.LMD Ti64 has a typical small crack effect,and the early crack propagation velocities in three directions are similar.Affected by the slip system of LMD Ti64,secondary cracks frequently occur,which are often found to have an angle of 60°to the main crack.The electron backscatter diffraction analysis indicates that LMD Ti64 has preferred orientations,i.e.,strong 0001//Z texture and 001//Z texture.Their crystallographic orientation will change as the direction of columnarβgrains turns over,resulting in the fatigue anisotropy of LMD Ti64 in crack initiation and early crack propagation process.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aq...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.展开更多
The giant Upper Yangtze Pb-Zn metallogenic province,also known as the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)Pb-Zn province hosting>500 carbonate-hosted epigenetic Pb-Zn deposits that contain>20 Mt Pb+Zn base metal reserves...The giant Upper Yangtze Pb-Zn metallogenic province,also known as the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)Pb-Zn province hosting>500 carbonate-hosted epigenetic Pb-Zn deposits that contain>20 Mt Pb+Zn base metal reserves.The giant Maoping Pb-Zn deposit is the second largest deposit in this province and owns>5 Mt Pb+Zn metal reserves with ore grades of 12 wt.%-30 wt.%Pb+Zn.Such large tonnages and high grades make it among the top 100 similar mineral deposits in the world.The ore bodies are predominantly located within the strata of the Upper Devonian(Zaige Formation)and Lower(Baizuo Formation)-Upper(Weining Formation)Carboniferous.The principal ore minerals consist of galena(Gn),sphalerite(Sp),and pyrite(Py),while the primary gangue minerals include dolomite(Dol),calcite(Cal),and quartz(Qtz).Three mineralization stages of carbonate minerals have been identified:(1)pre-sulfide stage 1,(2)syn-sulfide stage 2,and(3)post-sulfide stage 3.Trace elements and C-O-Sr isotopes of three stages’carbonate minerals,together with S-Pb isotopes of sulfides,revealing that the metamorphic basement rocks played the role of the metal source during the early stage of Pb-Zn mineralization,whereas the metal contribution of the sedimentary wall rocks found to be more prominent during the late stage of Pb-Zn mineralization.In addition,the dissolution of marine carbonate rocks and CO_(2)degassing may have also played an important role in the formation of the Maoping deposit.Furthermore,syn-sulfide stage 2 calcite has a U-Pb age of 214±20 Ma obtained by LA-ICPMS in-situ analyses,suggesting that the hydrothermal mineralization occurred during the Triassic.Our study proposes a new coupled metallogenic model of fluid-structure-lithology assemblage and provides new insights about the formation and evolution of the Maoping deposit with significant implication for understanding and exploration of similar Pb-Zn deposits worldwide.展开更多
Coupled dissolution-precipitation is one of the critical processes influencing the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of pegmatites.This mechanism involves the simultaneous dissolution of primary mineral phases a...Coupled dissolution-precipitation is one of the critical processes influencing the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of pegmatites.This mechanism involves the simultaneous dissolution of primary mineral phases and the precipitation of secondary phases,driven by changes in the chemical environment,often mediated by hydrothermal fluids.The Bailongshan Li deposit,located in the West Kunlun region of northwest China,is a significant geological formation known for its rich lithium content and associated rare metals such as tantalum,niobium,and tin.This study investigates the coupled dissolution-precipitation processes that have played a crucial role in the mineralization of this deposit,focusing on key minerals,including cassiterite(Cst),columbite-group minerals(CGM),and elbaite(Elb).Using a combination of petrographic analysis,back-scattered electron(BSE)imaging,cathodoluminescence(CL)imaging,and micro X-ray fluorescence(XRF)mapping,we examined the textural and chemical characteristics of these minerals.Our findings reveal intricate patchy zoning patterns and element distributions(indicated by the Nb,Ta,W,Mn,Fe,Hf,Ti for CGM;Hf,Ti Rb,W,Nb,Ta for Cst;Ti,Zn,Fe,W,Hf,Mn,K for Elb)that indicate multiple stages of mineral alteration driven by fluid-mediated processes.The coupled dissolution-precipitation mechanisms observed in the Bailongshan deposit have resulted in significant redistribution and enrichment of economically valuable elements.The study highlights the importance of hydrothermal fluids in altering primary mineral phases and precipitating secondary phases with distinct compositions.These processes not only modified the mineralogical makeup of the pegmatite but also enhanced its economic potential by concentrating rare metals.Signatures of coupled dissolutionprecipitation processes can serve as an essential tool for mineral exploration,guiding the search for high-grade zones within similar pegmatitic formations.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are widely studied for energy storage because of their high safety,low cost and high energy/power density.However,the practical application of AZIBs is limited by dendrite...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are widely studied for energy storage because of their high safety,low cost and high energy/power density.However,the practical application of AZIBs is limited by dendrite formation at the zinc anode under high-depth deposition,which results in reduced cycle life and overall performance.Herein,we propose an effective and scalable stepwise deposition approach that integrates uniform nucleation and dense growth through the construction of ultrathin ZnO nanofiber arrays(ZONAs)on the zinc anode surface,along with the introduction of an anionic surfactant(AS)into the electrolyte.This approach yields a uniform,dense and dendrite-free Zn anode during cycling,maintaining stable cycling for 2100 h under a high deposition depth of 10 mAh cm^(-2)at an extremely high current density of 10 m A cm^(-2).Additionally,full cells using MnO_(2)cathodes exhibit stable cycling for 6000cycles at 5 A g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 75%.Furthermore,the pouch-type cell with an area of90 cm2delivers a capacity of 60 m Ah and maintains stable cycling for 540 cycles at 200 mA,highlighting its strong potential for scalability.展开更多
Suppressing the coffee ring effect(CRE)of an aqueous suspension through manipulation without affecting the remaining deposit is highly desirable for practical applications;however,this is extremely challenging.Here,we...Suppressing the coffee ring effect(CRE)of an aqueous suspension through manipulation without affecting the remaining deposit is highly desirable for practical applications;however,this is extremely challenging.Here,we demonstrate CRE suppression with undetectable disturbance of the deposit on carbon-based surfaces.This was achieved by adding ammonium bicarbonate(NH4HCO_(3)),which benefits from the dissociation of NH_(4)HCO_(3) to produce NH_(4)^(+),as well as its decomposition into NH_(3) and CO_(2) molecules.Surprisingly,NH_(4)^(+) can also function as Na^(+)/K^(+)to suppress the CRE through cation interactions,although its hydrate state is only partially positively charged.Moreover,we successfully applied this approach to enhance the morphology,resistance,and color uniformity of deposits of graphene oxide quantum dots,conductive inks,and organic dyes,respectively.This study provides a practical strategy for improving the performance of fabricated devices and paves the way for the development of high-accuracy manufacturing techniques in diverse industries.展开更多
Quartz vein-type tungsten deposits are a common W deposit type.Their ore vein distribution was previously considered to be controlled by regional horizontal tectonic stress.In this paper,14 tungsten deposits with fan-...Quartz vein-type tungsten deposits are a common W deposit type.Their ore vein distribution was previously considered to be controlled by regional horizontal tectonic stress.In this paper,14 tungsten deposits with fan-shaped mineralization in SE China are summarized,and the relations between their ore veins and granite and the ore-forming structural stress field are analyzed.These deposits have a post-magmatic hydrothermal genesis and involve the formation of two sets of veins with similar strike and opposite dips at the top of the ore-causative granite bodies,forming a vertical fan-shaped profile.Their ore veins were coeval with the underlying granite bodies,and generally extend along the long axis of the granite.In such fan-shaped ore formation,the stress is highly focused at the top of the granite and gradually weakens outward.The maximum principal stress(σ1)is perpendicular to the granite contact surface,and radiates outward from the pluton.Meanwhile,the minimum principal stress(σ3)forms an arc-shaped band parallel to the contact surface.Our findings,together with published numerical modeling indicate that the emplacement dynamics of granitic magma(rather than regional horizontal tectonic stress)are essential controls on the distribution of ore veins in quartz vein-type tungsten deposits.展开更多
Lake ecosystems are extremely sensitive to nitrogen growth,which leads to water quality degradation and ecosystem health decline.Nitrogen depositions,as one of the main sources of nitrogen in water,are expected to cha...Lake ecosystems are extremely sensitive to nitrogen growth,which leads to water quality degradation and ecosystem health decline.Nitrogen depositions,as one of the main sources of nitrogen in water,are expected to change under future climate change scenarios.However,it remains not clear how nitrogen deposition to lakes respond to future meteorological conditions.In this study,a source-oriented version of Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ)Model was used to estimate nitrogen deposition to 263 lakes in 2013 and under three RCP scenarios(4.5,6.0 and 8.5)in 2046.Annual total deposition of 58.2 Gg nitrogen was predicted for all lakes,with 23.3 Gg N by wet deposition and 34.9 Gg N by dry deposition.Nitrate and ammonium in aerosol phase are the major forms of wet deposition,while NH3 and HNO_(3)in gas phase are the major forms of dry deposition.Agriculture emissions contribute to 57%of wet deposition and 44%of dry deposition.Under future meteorological conditions,wet deposition is predicted to increase by 5.5%to 16.4%,while dry deposition would decrease by 0.3%to 13.0%.Changes in wind speed,temperature,relative humidity(RH),and precipitation rates are correlated with dry and wet deposition changes.The predicted changes in deposition to lakes driven by meteorological changes can lead to significant changes in aquatic chemistry and ecosystem functions.Apart from future emission scenarios,different climate scenarios should be considered in future ecosystem health evaluation in response to nitrogen deposition.展开更多
To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets ...To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.展开更多
The effect of depositional facies and diagenesis on the reservoir potential of the Sakesar limestone has been assessed through core plug porosity and permeability data,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and petrographi...The effect of depositional facies and diagenesis on the reservoir potential of the Sakesar limestone has been assessed through core plug porosity and permeability data,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and petrographic study in three stratigraphic sections(Karuli,Badshah Pur,and Sardhai)of Central Salt Range.Field observations reveal three lithofacies:thin-bedded limestone with shale intercalation,thick-bedded nodular limestone,and highly fractured limestone.Based on a petrographic study,six microfacies have been identified:bioclastic mudstone facies(SKF-1),Lockhartia-nummulitic wackestone facies(SKF-2),Assilina-Alveolina packstone facies(SKF-3),Lockhartia-nummulitic packstone facies(SKF-4),Alveolina grainstone facies(SKF-5),and nummulitic grainstone facies(SKF-6).The Sakesar limestone shows various diagenetic changes such as compaction,dissolution,dolomitization,cementation,and fracturing,resulting in different types of pores.Two reservoir zones are identified in the Sakesar limestone:a mud-dominated reservoir in an outer ramp setting with interparticle and micropores and a bioclastic grain-dominated facies in an inner ramp setting with intraskeletal and fracture porosity.The porosity and permeability of grain-dominated facies(8%-30%and 0.8-8 mD)are higher than mud-dominated facies(4%-15%and 0.5-4 mD)due to intraskeletal/intraparticle pores and dolomitization.展开更多
The Sakay gold deposit in Vientiane,Laos,is located in the Indochina landmass of the southeastern segment of the Tethys orogenic belt,specifically within the Vientiane-Pakse micro-landmass and the Vientiane-Pakse meta...The Sakay gold deposit in Vientiane,Laos,is located in the Indochina landmass of the southeastern segment of the Tethys orogenic belt,specifically within the Vientiane-Pakse micro-landmass and the Vientiane-Pakse metallogenic belt.This area is regionally significant for the concentration of minerals such as gold,copper,and tin.The host rocks of the deposit are intermediate volcanic lavas and volcanic tuffs,occurring in near-east-west brittle shear structural fractures through hydrothermal filling and metasomatism.The ore exhibits granular texture,subhedral texture,porphyritic texture,and oriented polycrystalline texture,with structural features such as disseminated,vein-like,and cataclastic breccia.The main ore minerals are pyrite,sphalerite,galena,and chalcopyrite,while the gangue minerals are primarily quartz,calcite,and dolomite.Gold is mainly present as included gold or fissure gold within the crystal lattices and microfractures of minerals such as pyrite and sphalerite.Based on mineral assemblages and generation timing,the mineralization can be divided into three stages:arsenopyrite-pyrite-dolomite-quartz(Ⅰ),sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite-calcite(Ⅱ),and siderite(Ⅲ),with the latter stages often overlaying the former,showing evident cross-cutting and metasomatic phenomena.The surrounding rocks in the mining area are altered,mainly showing silicification,carbonatization,limonitization,sericitization,and chloritization.Preliminary studies suggest that this deposit is a low-temperature hydrothermal gold deposit within a brittle shear zone.展开更多
The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc ...The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir formation.However,whether bitumen shares the same source as the current gas reservoirs within the basin or other destroyed gas reservoirs along the basin margins remains unknown.Here,we conducted an organic geochemical analysis of bitumen in this deposit and identified the sources of hydrocarbons by comparing biomarker compounds with those of potential source rocks.The authors found that the bitumen in the Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit has good comparability with the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,suggesting that the primary sources of oil in this ancient hydrocarbon reservoir are muddy source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation.This research is important for enhancing the understanding of the genetic connection between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon formation,providing crucial insights for strategies to explore both metal ores and hydrocarbons and advancing the geological understanding of petroleum systems in the Sichuan Basin.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170651and the Research Support Fund of Hubei Microcirculation Society,No.HBWXH2024(1)-1.
文摘Intrapancreatic fat deposition(IPFD)has garnered increasing attention in recent years.The prevalence of IPFD is relatively high and associated with factors such as obesity,age,and sex.However,the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IPFD remain unclear,with several potential contributing factors,including oxida-tive stress,alterations in the gut microbiota,and hormonal imbalances.IPFD was found to be highly correlated with the occurrence and prognosis of exocrine pan-creatic diseases.Although imaging techniques remain the primary diagnostic approach for IPFD,an expanding array of biomarkers and clinical scoring systems have been identified for screening purposes.Currently,effective treatments for IPFD are not available;however,existing medications,such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,and new therapeutic approaches explored in animal models have shown considerable potential for managing this disease.This paper reviews the pathogenesis of IPFD,its association with exocrine pancreatic disea-ses,and recent advancements in its diagnosis and treatment,emphasizing the significant clinical relevance of IPFD.
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(20230508109RC,20230201051GX,20220201091GX)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62035013,61275235)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2341254)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071124),the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230502)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB547).
文摘The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-YBGY361)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275374 and 52205414)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232098)as well as the Xiaomi Foundation through Xiaomi Young Scholar Program。
文摘The layer-by-layer deposition strategy of additive manufacturing makes it ideal to fabricate dissimilar alloy components with varying functionality,which has promising application potential in a large number of industrial areas.In this study,two components composed of ERCuAl-A2 aluminum bronze(CuAl9)and Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy were fabricated with different deposition orders by wire-arc directed energy deposition.Subject to changes in heat input and thermophysical properties of the substrate,the transition region of the deposited Cu-Ni component with the bottom half of CuAl9 and the top half of Inconel 718 is narrow and serrated.This region features a laminated intermetallic compound layer due to the convection and rapid cooling in the molten pool.In contrast,the Ni-Cu component deposited in the opposite order exhibits a 2 mm gradient transition zone.Within this region,a large number of diverse precipitates were found as well as regional variations in grain size due to the multi-layer partial remelting.Both two components show strong bonds and their tensile specimens tested along the vertical direction always fracture at the softer CuAl9 side.Excellent tensile properties along the horizontal direction were obtained for Cu-Ni(Ultimate tensile strength:573 MPa,yield stress:302 MPa,elongation:22%),while those of Ni-Cu are much lower due to the existence of the solidification cracks in the transition zone.The results from this study provide a reference for the additive manufacturing of Cu/Ni dissimilar alloy components,as well as their microstructure and mechanical properties control.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2900300)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515030216)+2 种基金MOST Special Fund from State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences(GPMR202437)the Guangdong Province Introduced of Innovative R&D Team(2021ZT09H399)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk1301).
文摘The application of machine learning for pyrite discrimination establishes a robust foundation for constructing the ore-forming history of multi-stage deposits;however,published models face challenges related to limited,imbalanced datasets and oversampling.In this study,the dataset was expanded to approximately 500 samples for each type,including 508 sedimentary,573 orogenic gold,548 sedimentary exhalative(SEDEX)deposits,and 364 volcanogenic massive sulfides(VMS)pyrites,utilizing random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)methodologies to enhance the reliability of the classifier models.The RF classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 99.8%,and the SVM classifier attained an overall accuracy of 100%.The model was evaluated by a five-fold cross-validation approach with 93.8%accuracy for the RF and 94.9%for the SVM classifier.These results demonstrate the strong feasibility of pyrite classification,supported by a relatively large,balanced dataset and high accuracy rates.The classifier was employed to reveal the genesis of the controversial Keketale Pb-Zn deposit in NW China,which has been inconclusive among SEDEX,VMS,or a SEDEX-VMS transition.Petrographic investigations indicated that the deposit comprises early fine-grained layered pyrite(Py1)and late recrystallized pyrite(Py2).The majority voting classified Py1 as the VMS type,with an accuracy of RF and SVM being 72.2%and 75%,respectively,and confirmed Py2 as an orogenic type with 74.3% and 77.1%accuracy,respectively.The new findings indicated that the Keketale deposit originated from a submarine VMS mineralization system,followed by late orogenic-type overprinting of metamorphism and deformation,which is consistent with the geological and geochemical observations.This study further emphasizes the advantages of Machine learning(ML)methods in accurately and directly discriminating the deposit types and reconstructing the formation history of multi-stage deposits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52005264).
文摘Solution and aging treatment were conducted on the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)-prepared carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-reinforced WE43(CNTs/WE43)layers to optimize their microstructure and surface properties in this study.The microstructure of the WE43 and CNTs/WE43 layers was systematically compared.The dissolution of divorced eutectics at the grain boundaries was retarded by CNTs during solution treatment.The spot segregation composed of Mg_(24)Y_(5),CNTs,and Zr cores in the solution treated CNTs/WE43 layer presented a slight decreasing in Y content.The grain growth of both types of layers underwent three stages:slow,rapid,and steady-state.The significant inhibitory effect of CNTs on the grain growth of the LDED WE43 matrix was more pronounced than the promoting effect of temperature,resulting in a 47%increase at 510℃ and a 35%increase at 540℃ in the grain growth exponent compared to the WE43 layers at 510℃.During the subsequent aging treatment at 225℃,the precipitation sequences from plate-shaped β″to plate-shaped and globular β′ were observed in both types of layers.CNTs can facilitate an increase in the nucleation rate of precipitates,but without accelerating precipitation hardening rate.The long and short diameters of the precipitates in peak-aged state were decreased by 48.5%and 43.1%by addition of CNTs,respectively.The wear resistance of both the WE43 and CNTs/WE43 layers can be significantly enhanced through solution and aging treatment.The enhancement in wear resistance for the CNTs/WE43 layers is considerably greater than that of the WE43 layers.
文摘Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.
文摘Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous SiO_(2) refractive index gradient anti-reflective film prepared by atomic layer deposition(ALD).A porous SiO_(2) film with gradual porosity was obtained by phosphoric acid etching of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) multilayers with gradient Al2O3 ratios,achieving a gradual decrease in refractive index from the substrate to the surface.The film exhibited an average transmittance as high as 97.8%within the wavelength range from 320 nm to 1200 nm.The environmental adaptability was further enhanced by surface modification using rare earth oxide(REO)La_(2)O_(3),resulting in formation of a lotus leaf-like structure and achieving a water contact angle of 100.0°.These data proved that the modification significantly improved hydrophobic self-cleaning capability while maintaining exceptional transparency of the film.The surface structure of the modified film remained undamaged even after undergoing wipe testing,demonstrating its excellent surface durability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172292,12072287)。
文摘The crack initiation and early propagation are of great significance to the overall fatigue life of material.In order to investigate the anisotropic fracture behavior of laser metal deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy(LMD Ti64)during the early stage,the fourpoint bending fatigue test was carried out on specimens of three different directions,as well as the forged specimens.The results indicate the anisotropic crack initiation and early propagation of LMD Ti64.The direction perpendicular to the deposition direction exhibits a better fatigue resistance than the other two.The crack initiation position and propagation path are dominated by the microstructure in the vicinity of U-notch.LMD Ti64 has a typical small crack effect,and the early crack propagation velocities in three directions are similar.Affected by the slip system of LMD Ti64,secondary cracks frequently occur,which are often found to have an angle of 60°to the main crack.The electron backscatter diffraction analysis indicates that LMD Ti64 has preferred orientations,i.e.,strong 0001//Z texture and 001//Z texture.Their crystallographic orientation will change as the direction of columnarβgrains turns over,resulting in the fatigue anisotropy of LMD Ti64 in crack initiation and early crack propagation process.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872095,U1812402 and 42172082)the Research Startup Project(YJRC4201804)of Yunnan University to J.-X.Zhou.
文摘The giant Upper Yangtze Pb-Zn metallogenic province,also known as the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)Pb-Zn province hosting>500 carbonate-hosted epigenetic Pb-Zn deposits that contain>20 Mt Pb+Zn base metal reserves.The giant Maoping Pb-Zn deposit is the second largest deposit in this province and owns>5 Mt Pb+Zn metal reserves with ore grades of 12 wt.%-30 wt.%Pb+Zn.Such large tonnages and high grades make it among the top 100 similar mineral deposits in the world.The ore bodies are predominantly located within the strata of the Upper Devonian(Zaige Formation)and Lower(Baizuo Formation)-Upper(Weining Formation)Carboniferous.The principal ore minerals consist of galena(Gn),sphalerite(Sp),and pyrite(Py),while the primary gangue minerals include dolomite(Dol),calcite(Cal),and quartz(Qtz).Three mineralization stages of carbonate minerals have been identified:(1)pre-sulfide stage 1,(2)syn-sulfide stage 2,and(3)post-sulfide stage 3.Trace elements and C-O-Sr isotopes of three stages’carbonate minerals,together with S-Pb isotopes of sulfides,revealing that the metamorphic basement rocks played the role of the metal source during the early stage of Pb-Zn mineralization,whereas the metal contribution of the sedimentary wall rocks found to be more prominent during the late stage of Pb-Zn mineralization.In addition,the dissolution of marine carbonate rocks and CO_(2)degassing may have also played an important role in the formation of the Maoping deposit.Furthermore,syn-sulfide stage 2 calcite has a U-Pb age of 214±20 Ma obtained by LA-ICPMS in-situ analyses,suggesting that the hydrothermal mineralization occurred during the Triassic.Our study proposes a new coupled metallogenic model of fluid-structure-lithology assemblage and provides new insights about the formation and evolution of the Maoping deposit with significant implication for understanding and exploration of similar Pb-Zn deposits worldwide.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42250202,92162323,42272075)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.24lgqb001)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangdong Province(No.2022A1515010003)the Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative R&D Team of Big Data—Mathematical Earth Sciences and Extreme Geological Events Team(No.2021ZT09H399)。
文摘Coupled dissolution-precipitation is one of the critical processes influencing the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of pegmatites.This mechanism involves the simultaneous dissolution of primary mineral phases and the precipitation of secondary phases,driven by changes in the chemical environment,often mediated by hydrothermal fluids.The Bailongshan Li deposit,located in the West Kunlun region of northwest China,is a significant geological formation known for its rich lithium content and associated rare metals such as tantalum,niobium,and tin.This study investigates the coupled dissolution-precipitation processes that have played a crucial role in the mineralization of this deposit,focusing on key minerals,including cassiterite(Cst),columbite-group minerals(CGM),and elbaite(Elb).Using a combination of petrographic analysis,back-scattered electron(BSE)imaging,cathodoluminescence(CL)imaging,and micro X-ray fluorescence(XRF)mapping,we examined the textural and chemical characteristics of these minerals.Our findings reveal intricate patchy zoning patterns and element distributions(indicated by the Nb,Ta,W,Mn,Fe,Hf,Ti for CGM;Hf,Ti Rb,W,Nb,Ta for Cst;Ti,Zn,Fe,W,Hf,Mn,K for Elb)that indicate multiple stages of mineral alteration driven by fluid-mediated processes.The coupled dissolution-precipitation mechanisms observed in the Bailongshan deposit have resulted in significant redistribution and enrichment of economically valuable elements.The study highlights the importance of hydrothermal fluids in altering primary mineral phases and precipitating secondary phases with distinct compositions.These processes not only modified the mineralogical makeup of the pegmatite but also enhanced its economic potential by concentrating rare metals.Signatures of coupled dissolutionprecipitation processes can serve as an essential tool for mineral exploration,guiding the search for high-grade zones within similar pegmatitic formations.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 22090060/22090063)Liaoning Province(2023-MS-014)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are widely studied for energy storage because of their high safety,low cost and high energy/power density.However,the practical application of AZIBs is limited by dendrite formation at the zinc anode under high-depth deposition,which results in reduced cycle life and overall performance.Herein,we propose an effective and scalable stepwise deposition approach that integrates uniform nucleation and dense growth through the construction of ultrathin ZnO nanofiber arrays(ZONAs)on the zinc anode surface,along with the introduction of an anionic surfactant(AS)into the electrolyte.This approach yields a uniform,dense and dendrite-free Zn anode during cycling,maintaining stable cycling for 2100 h under a high deposition depth of 10 mAh cm^(-2)at an extremely high current density of 10 m A cm^(-2).Additionally,full cells using MnO_(2)cathodes exhibit stable cycling for 6000cycles at 5 A g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 75%.Furthermore,the pouch-type cell with an area of90 cm2delivers a capacity of 60 m Ah and maintains stable cycling for 540 cycles at 200 mA,highlighting its strong potential for scalability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12005062(SS).National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11974366(HF).National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1632135(HY)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(HF)。
文摘Suppressing the coffee ring effect(CRE)of an aqueous suspension through manipulation without affecting the remaining deposit is highly desirable for practical applications;however,this is extremely challenging.Here,we demonstrate CRE suppression with undetectable disturbance of the deposit on carbon-based surfaces.This was achieved by adding ammonium bicarbonate(NH4HCO_(3)),which benefits from the dissociation of NH_(4)HCO_(3) to produce NH_(4)^(+),as well as its decomposition into NH_(3) and CO_(2) molecules.Surprisingly,NH_(4)^(+) can also function as Na^(+)/K^(+)to suppress the CRE through cation interactions,although its hydrate state is only partially positively charged.Moreover,we successfully applied this approach to enhance the morphology,resistance,and color uniformity of deposits of graphene oxide quantum dots,conductive inks,and organic dyes,respectively.This study provides a practical strategy for improving the performance of fabricated devices and paves the way for the development of high-accuracy manufacturing techniques in diverse industries.
基金funded by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2900100)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2022GXNSFFA035025)+3 种基金the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(No.42372099)the China Geological Survey(No.DD20190379)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(No.2022FY101800)the Major Talent Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(No.YCSW2023345)。
文摘Quartz vein-type tungsten deposits are a common W deposit type.Their ore vein distribution was previously considered to be controlled by regional horizontal tectonic stress.In this paper,14 tungsten deposits with fan-shaped mineralization in SE China are summarized,and the relations between their ore veins and granite and the ore-forming structural stress field are analyzed.These deposits have a post-magmatic hydrothermal genesis and involve the formation of two sets of veins with similar strike and opposite dips at the top of the ore-causative granite bodies,forming a vertical fan-shaped profile.Their ore veins were coeval with the underlying granite bodies,and generally extend along the long axis of the granite.In such fan-shaped ore formation,the stress is highly focused at the top of the granite and gradually weakens outward.The maximum principal stress(σ1)is perpendicular to the granite contact surface,and radiates outward from the pluton.Meanwhile,the minimum principal stress(σ3)forms an arc-shaped band parallel to the contact surface.Our findings,together with published numerical modeling indicate that the emplacement dynamics of granitic magma(rather than regional horizontal tectonic stress)are essential controls on the distribution of ore veins in quartz vein-type tungsten deposits.
基金supported by the project of Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.51TGC202209)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan(Nos.KJYY20180206180737010 and 6020320003K)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701105).
文摘Lake ecosystems are extremely sensitive to nitrogen growth,which leads to water quality degradation and ecosystem health decline.Nitrogen depositions,as one of the main sources of nitrogen in water,are expected to change under future climate change scenarios.However,it remains not clear how nitrogen deposition to lakes respond to future meteorological conditions.In this study,a source-oriented version of Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ)Model was used to estimate nitrogen deposition to 263 lakes in 2013 and under three RCP scenarios(4.5,6.0 and 8.5)in 2046.Annual total deposition of 58.2 Gg nitrogen was predicted for all lakes,with 23.3 Gg N by wet deposition and 34.9 Gg N by dry deposition.Nitrate and ammonium in aerosol phase are the major forms of wet deposition,while NH3 and HNO_(3)in gas phase are the major forms of dry deposition.Agriculture emissions contribute to 57%of wet deposition and 44%of dry deposition.Under future meteorological conditions,wet deposition is predicted to increase by 5.5%to 16.4%,while dry deposition would decrease by 0.3%to 13.0%.Changes in wind speed,temperature,relative humidity(RH),and precipitation rates are correlated with dry and wet deposition changes.The predicted changes in deposition to lakes driven by meteorological changes can lead to significant changes in aquatic chemistry and ecosystem functions.Apart from future emission scenarios,different climate scenarios should be considered in future ecosystem health evaluation in response to nitrogen deposition.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2022YFF0801201,2021YFC2900300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872245,U1911202)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010666)。
文摘To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFF0801202,2022YFF0801200)。
文摘The effect of depositional facies and diagenesis on the reservoir potential of the Sakesar limestone has been assessed through core plug porosity and permeability data,scanning electron microscope(SEM),and petrographic study in three stratigraphic sections(Karuli,Badshah Pur,and Sardhai)of Central Salt Range.Field observations reveal three lithofacies:thin-bedded limestone with shale intercalation,thick-bedded nodular limestone,and highly fractured limestone.Based on a petrographic study,six microfacies have been identified:bioclastic mudstone facies(SKF-1),Lockhartia-nummulitic wackestone facies(SKF-2),Assilina-Alveolina packstone facies(SKF-3),Lockhartia-nummulitic packstone facies(SKF-4),Alveolina grainstone facies(SKF-5),and nummulitic grainstone facies(SKF-6).The Sakesar limestone shows various diagenetic changes such as compaction,dissolution,dolomitization,cementation,and fracturing,resulting in different types of pores.Two reservoir zones are identified in the Sakesar limestone:a mud-dominated reservoir in an outer ramp setting with interparticle and micropores and a bioclastic grain-dominated facies in an inner ramp setting with intraskeletal and fracture porosity.The porosity and permeability of grain-dominated facies(8%-30%and 0.8-8 mD)are higher than mud-dominated facies(4%-15%and 0.5-4 mD)due to intraskeletal/intraparticle pores and dolomitization.
文摘The Sakay gold deposit in Vientiane,Laos,is located in the Indochina landmass of the southeastern segment of the Tethys orogenic belt,specifically within the Vientiane-Pakse micro-landmass and the Vientiane-Pakse metallogenic belt.This area is regionally significant for the concentration of minerals such as gold,copper,and tin.The host rocks of the deposit are intermediate volcanic lavas and volcanic tuffs,occurring in near-east-west brittle shear structural fractures through hydrothermal filling and metasomatism.The ore exhibits granular texture,subhedral texture,porphyritic texture,and oriented polycrystalline texture,with structural features such as disseminated,vein-like,and cataclastic breccia.The main ore minerals are pyrite,sphalerite,galena,and chalcopyrite,while the gangue minerals are primarily quartz,calcite,and dolomite.Gold is mainly present as included gold or fissure gold within the crystal lattices and microfractures of minerals such as pyrite and sphalerite.Based on mineral assemblages and generation timing,the mineralization can be divided into three stages:arsenopyrite-pyrite-dolomite-quartz(Ⅰ),sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite-calcite(Ⅱ),and siderite(Ⅲ),with the latter stages often overlaying the former,showing evident cross-cutting and metasomatic phenomena.The surrounding rocks in the mining area are altered,mainly showing silicification,carbonatization,limonitization,sericitization,and chloritization.Preliminary studies suggest that this deposit is a low-temperature hydrothermal gold deposit within a brittle shear zone.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42373075).
文摘The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir formation.However,whether bitumen shares the same source as the current gas reservoirs within the basin or other destroyed gas reservoirs along the basin margins remains unknown.Here,we conducted an organic geochemical analysis of bitumen in this deposit and identified the sources of hydrocarbons by comparing biomarker compounds with those of potential source rocks.The authors found that the bitumen in the Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit has good comparability with the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,suggesting that the primary sources of oil in this ancient hydrocarbon reservoir are muddy source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation.This research is important for enhancing the understanding of the genetic connection between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon formation,providing crucial insights for strategies to explore both metal ores and hydrocarbons and advancing the geological understanding of petroleum systems in the Sichuan Basin.
