针对电压不平衡条件下VSC-MVDC系统的控制,提出了基于比例积分微分（proportional-integral-derivative,PID）加谐振（proportional-integral-derivative plus resonant,PIDR）的滑模直接功率控制（sliding mode control direct power c...针对电压不平衡条件下VSC-MVDC系统的控制,提出了基于比例积分微分（proportional-integral-derivative,PID）加谐振（proportional-integral-derivative plus resonant,PIDR）的滑模直接功率控制（sliding mode control direct power control,SMC DPC）策略。推导出一种在保证网侧电流无畸变的条件下对有功和无功纹波幅值之比连续调节的方法。为消除无功纹波对有功输出的影响,提出一种逆向有功纹波注入的策略。应用滑模控制方法设计了包含比例、积分、微分和谐振等控制律的跟踪控制器。其中,谐振控制用于消除有功和无功动态之间耦合对控制性能的影响,有功和无功参考的微分通过简单的代数运算得到。有功和无功纹波控制目标实质相同,对有功采用PIDR而无功采用PID即可实现精确的功率控制。基于SIMULINK/MATLAB平台对一个两端VSC-MVDC系统进行仿真实验,验证了该PIDRSMC DPC策略的有效性。展开更多
In contrast to the conventional direct current railway electrification system(DC-RES),the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)-RES is considered promising for long-distance high-speed corridors.In the MVDC-RES,traction...In contrast to the conventional direct current railway electrification system(DC-RES),the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)-RES is considered promising for long-distance high-speed corridors.In the MVDC-RES,traction substations(TSSs)are placed much farther and train loads are much heavier than in the conventional DC-RES.Hence,the MVDC-RES brings a drastic change in catenary voltage,TSS spacing,and train loading,which affects rail potential and stray current.In this connection,this work performs some significant quantitative analysis of rail potential and stray current in the MVDC-RES environment.An MVDC simulation model is proposed and different grounding schemes are analyzed for a single-train and two TSSs scenario as well as for a multi-train multi-TSS scenario.According to the simulation and analysis,the maximum values of rail potential and stray current at MVDC-RES distances and the maximum safe distance between adjacent TSSs are determined.展开更多
This paper,the kinetic equation,traction force,and braking force for railway trains are reviewed.In addition,the driving characteristics are interpreted as to how the power of the electric vehicle relates to the weigh...This paper,the kinetic equation,traction force,and braking force for railway trains are reviewed.In addition,the driving characteristics are interpreted as to how the power of the electric vehicle relates to the weight,speed,track curve,and track gradient of the electric vehicle.The driving characteristics of these trains are analyzed through PSCAD/EMTDC(power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC)modeling.展开更多
The emerging medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution networks are becoming more attractive due to their flexible power flow control and lower losses compared to traditional AC networks.This will significantly ...The emerging medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution networks are becoming more attractive due to their flexible power flow control and lower losses compared to traditional AC networks.This will significantly increase the wide uptake of renewable energy sources.The optimum utilization of the existing assets is an important aspect in grid upgrading and planning.One feasible option is to convert existing MVAC lines into MVDC operation.One of the practical demonstrations is the“ANGLE-DC”project which is also the first MVDC link in the UK.This paper highlights the innovative approach,challenges and key benefits delivered by the ANGLE-DC project.展开更多
背靠背直流输电可以实现不同供区的柔性互联,基于模块化多电平换流器的电池储能系统(modular multi-level converter based battery energy storage system,MMC-BESS)的换流站还可以起到配合新能源接入、对交直流功率进行平抑及缓冲的...背靠背直流输电可以实现不同供区的柔性互联,基于模块化多电平换流器的电池储能系统(modular multi-level converter based battery energy storage system,MMC-BESS)的换流站还可以起到配合新能源接入、对交直流功率进行平抑及缓冲的作用。以厦门同吉开关站新型配电网示范工程为背景,其两端换流站采用MMC-BESS和基于模块化多电平换流器的中压柔性直流输电(MMC based medium voltage direct current,MMC-MVDC),背靠背实现了2条10 kV交流线路的柔性互联。针对该工程运行控制策略进行了分析和仿真研究,验证了控制策略的有效性,以及关键部件的状态在合理的范围内,对实际工程的设计和运行具有一定的指导意义。展开更多
介绍了基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的中压直流配电网采用无联结变压器接入的技术方案,针对单相故障零序电压导致直流波动和非故障站电压畸变,分析了单相接地故障零序电压产生及传导机理,并设计了相应的...介绍了基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的中压直流配电网采用无联结变压器接入的技术方案,针对单相故障零序电压导致直流波动和非故障站电压畸变,分析了单相接地故障零序电压产生及传导机理,并设计了相应的零序电压抑制控制器(zero sequence voltage suppressing controller,ZSVSC),抑制直流正负极电压中含有的零序电压,实现了非故障站交流电压对称稳定运行。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了含ZSVSC的两端基于模块化多电平换流器的中压直流(modular multilevel converters medium voltage direct current,MMC-MVDC)配电网仿真模型,仿真结果表明所设计控制器在不影响已有正负序控制策略的基础上,有效抑制了零序电压。展开更多
The share of voltage source converter(VSC)technology is increasing in conventional power systems,and it is penetrating into specific transportation systems such as electric vehicles,railways,and ships.Researchers are ...The share of voltage source converter(VSC)technology is increasing in conventional power systems,and it is penetrating into specific transportation systems such as electric vehicles,railways,and ships.Researchers are identifying feasible methods to improve the performance of railway electrification systems(RESs)by utilizing VSC-based medium-voltage direct current(MVDC)railways.The continuous motion of electric trains makes the catenary resistance a variable quantity,as compared to the traction substation(TSS),and affects the currentsharing behavior of the system.A modified droop control technique is proposed in this paper for VSC-based MVDC RES to provide more effective current-sharing while maintaining catenary voltages above the minimum allowable limit.The droop coefficient is selected through an exponential function based on the ratio between the concerned TSS current and the system average current.This enables small adjustments of droop values in less concerning marginal current deviations,and provides higher droop adjustments for large current deviations.Meanwhile,the catenary voltages are regulated by considering the voltage data at the midpoint between two TSSs,which experiences the lowest voltages owing to the larger distance from the TSSs.The proposed techniques are validated via simulations and experiments.展开更多
The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system,which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply,and support the new energy,the energy storage,the elect...The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system,which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply,and support the new energy,the energy storage,the electric vehicles,and the flexible access of AC and DC loads to grid.To realize the demonstration application of the DC distribution technology,China's first demonstration project of the medium voltage DC distribution network will be built in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province to support the construction of the city energy internet.First,this paper analyzes the demand of the DC distribution network project,and puts forward the construction content and construction target.Then,it designs and analyzes the electrical connection mode,system operation mode,and startup and shutdown mode of the DC distribution network,and proposes the overall project construction plan.Finally,it conducts the specific project design and analysis,which mainly in elude the selection of equipment such as inverters,DC transformers and DC circuit breakers,the design and analysis of the DC control and protection system,the design and analysis of the overvoltage protection and the configuration scheme of the lightning arrester,and analysis of the system transient characteristics.The design and analysis of the engineering program is a combination of China's distribution network engineering practice and technical characteristics,which lays a solid foundation for the advancement of the DC power distribution technology in China,and has reference value and demonstration effect for the design and construction of other projects.展开更多
The two main challenges of medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution network are the flexible control of power flow(PF)and fault protection.In this paper,the power flow controller(PFC)is introduced to regulate t...The two main challenges of medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution network are the flexible control of power flow(PF)and fault protection.In this paper,the power flow controller(PFC)is introduced to regulate the PF and inhibit the fault current during the DC fault.The coordination strategy of series-parallel PFC(SP-PFC)and hybrid DC circuit breaker(DCCB)is proposed.By regulating the polarity and magnitude of SP-PFC output voltage during the fault,the rising speed of fault current can be suppressed so as to reduce the breaking current of hybrid DCCB.The access mode of SP-PFC to the MVDC distribution network and its topology are analyzed,and the coordination strategy between SP-PFC and hybrid DCCB is investigated.Moreover,the emergency control and bypass control strategies of SP-PFC are developed.On this basis,the mathematical model of SP-PFC in different fault stages is derived.With the equivalent model of SP-PFC,the fault current of the MVDC distribution network can be calculated accurately.A simulation model of the MVDC distribution network containing SP-PFC is established in MATLAB/Simulink.The fault current calculation result is compared with the simulation result,and the effectiveness of the proposed coordination strategy is verified.展开更多
Innovative advancement in power electronics is reshaping the conventional high-voltage transmission systems and has also opened a new paradigm for researchers to consider its benefits in the railway electrification sy...Innovative advancement in power electronics is reshaping the conventional high-voltage transmission systems and has also opened a new paradigm for researchers to consider its benefits in the railway electrification system(RES).In this regard,the medium-voltage direct current RES(MVDC-RES)is a key area of interest nowadays.In this paper,a secondary energy source(SES)consisting of renewable energies(REs)and energy storage systems(ESSs)is proposed to solve the issues of catenary voltage regulation,rail potential,and stray current in the MVDC-RES.Some of the major integration topologies of the SES are analyzed for MVDC-RES and the most effective one is proposed and implemented.The voltage at the point of connection(PoC)of the SES is used as a reference for controlling different operation modes of REs and ESSs.Moreover,feedforward control is used at the ESS converter to attain the quick response from the batteries for the desired operation.The proposed scheme improves the catenary voltage,and reduces the rail potential and stray current.Besides,the scheme provides higher energy density and reduces line losses.Simulation results are provided to validate the operation modes and advantages of the proposed scheme.展开更多
在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,为解决功率为36 MW的发电机电压的整流问题,建立适用于船舶MVDC电力系统的模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模型。在空间矢量控制方法的基础上,加...在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,为解决功率为36 MW的发电机电压的整流问题,建立适用于船舶MVDC电力系统的模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模型。在空间矢量控制方法的基础上,加入桥臂电压控制。在直流电压为5kV及负载不同的情况下,应用MATLAB/Simulink对该模型进行仿真,验证模型和控制方法的有效性。基于此,研究该模型在不同直流电压(5~30 kV)等级下的性能表现。仿真结果表明:在36MW/5 kV的额定工况下MMC存在效率低的问题;直流电压等级对MMC输出直流电压的纹波影响不大,但对MMC的效率有明显的影响。展开更多
在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,并联式模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)因可以承担较大的桥臂电流逐渐受到关注,但MMC并联存在环流问题,会导致功率损耗和系统成本增加。为减少并...在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,并联式模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)因可以承担较大的桥臂电流逐渐受到关注,但MMC并联存在环流问题,会导致功率损耗和系统成本增加。为减少并联MMC的环流,首先对并联结构中子模块数对输出电压、交流侧总谐波畸变率(total harmonic distortion,THD)、传输效率的影响进行研究,找到最优子模块数,然后在分析MMC环流产生机理的基础上设计一种基于内模控制(internal model control,IMC)的并联协调控制策略,以此建立并联MMC-MVDC电力整流系统模型。MATLAB/Simulink的仿真结果表明,采用基于IMC的协调控制策略可有效减少并联MMC的环流,并提高桥臂承担电流的能力。展开更多
文摘针对电压不平衡条件下VSC-MVDC系统的控制,提出了基于比例积分微分（proportional-integral-derivative,PID）加谐振（proportional-integral-derivative plus resonant,PIDR）的滑模直接功率控制（sliding mode control direct power control,SMC DPC）策略。推导出一种在保证网侧电流无畸变的条件下对有功和无功纹波幅值之比连续调节的方法。为消除无功纹波对有功输出的影响,提出一种逆向有功纹波注入的策略。应用滑模控制方法设计了包含比例、积分、微分和谐振等控制律的跟踪控制器。其中,谐振控制用于消除有功和无功动态之间耦合对控制性能的影响,有功和无功参考的微分通过简单的代数运算得到。有功和无功纹波控制目标实质相同,对有功采用PIDR而无功采用PID即可实现精确的功率控制。基于SIMULINK/MATLAB平台对一个两端VSC-MVDC系统进行仿真实验,验证了该PIDRSMC DPC策略的有效性。
文摘In contrast to the conventional direct current railway electrification system(DC-RES),the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)-RES is considered promising for long-distance high-speed corridors.In the MVDC-RES,traction substations(TSSs)are placed much farther and train loads are much heavier than in the conventional DC-RES.Hence,the MVDC-RES brings a drastic change in catenary voltage,TSS spacing,and train loading,which affects rail potential and stray current.In this connection,this work performs some significant quantitative analysis of rail potential and stray current in the MVDC-RES environment.An MVDC simulation model is proposed and different grounding schemes are analyzed for a single-train and two TSSs scenario as well as for a multi-train multi-TSS scenario.According to the simulation and analysis,the maximum values of rail potential and stray current at MVDC-RES distances and the maximum safe distance between adjacent TSSs are determined.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20225500000110).
文摘This paper,the kinetic equation,traction force,and braking force for railway trains are reviewed.In addition,the driving characteristics are interpreted as to how the power of the electric vehicle relates to the weight,speed,track curve,and track gradient of the electric vehicle.The driving characteristics of these trains are analyzed through PSCAD/EMTDC(power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC)modeling.
基金ANGLE-DC,The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem)of UK Government funded Network Innovation Competition(NIC)project.
文摘The emerging medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution networks are becoming more attractive due to their flexible power flow control and lower losses compared to traditional AC networks.This will significantly increase the wide uptake of renewable energy sources.The optimum utilization of the existing assets is an important aspect in grid upgrading and planning.One feasible option is to convert existing MVAC lines into MVDC operation.One of the practical demonstrations is the“ANGLE-DC”project which is also the first MVDC link in the UK.This paper highlights the innovative approach,challenges and key benefits delivered by the ANGLE-DC project.
文摘背靠背直流输电可以实现不同供区的柔性互联,基于模块化多电平换流器的电池储能系统(modular multi-level converter based battery energy storage system,MMC-BESS)的换流站还可以起到配合新能源接入、对交直流功率进行平抑及缓冲的作用。以厦门同吉开关站新型配电网示范工程为背景,其两端换流站采用MMC-BESS和基于模块化多电平换流器的中压柔性直流输电(MMC based medium voltage direct current,MMC-MVDC),背靠背实现了2条10 kV交流线路的柔性互联。针对该工程运行控制策略进行了分析和仿真研究,验证了控制策略的有效性,以及关键部件的状态在合理的范围内,对实际工程的设计和运行具有一定的指导意义。
文摘介绍了基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的中压直流配电网采用无联结变压器接入的技术方案,针对单相故障零序电压导致直流波动和非故障站电压畸变,分析了单相接地故障零序电压产生及传导机理,并设计了相应的零序电压抑制控制器(zero sequence voltage suppressing controller,ZSVSC),抑制直流正负极电压中含有的零序电压,实现了非故障站交流电压对称稳定运行。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了含ZSVSC的两端基于模块化多电平换流器的中压直流(modular multilevel converters medium voltage direct current,MMC-MVDC)配电网仿真模型,仿真结果表明所设计控制器在不影响已有正负序控制策略的基础上,有效抑制了零序电压。
基金partly supported by‘‘the Open Project of National Rail Transit Electrification and Automation Engineering Technique Research Center’’(No.NEEC-2017-A03)partly supported by‘‘the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities’’(No.2682017CX041).
文摘The share of voltage source converter(VSC)technology is increasing in conventional power systems,and it is penetrating into specific transportation systems such as electric vehicles,railways,and ships.Researchers are identifying feasible methods to improve the performance of railway electrification systems(RESs)by utilizing VSC-based medium-voltage direct current(MVDC)railways.The continuous motion of electric trains makes the catenary resistance a variable quantity,as compared to the traction substation(TSS),and affects the currentsharing behavior of the system.A modified droop control technique is proposed in this paper for VSC-based MVDC RES to provide more effective current-sharing while maintaining catenary voltages above the minimum allowable limit.The droop coefficient is selected through an exponential function based on the ratio between the concerned TSS current and the system average current.This enables small adjustments of droop values in less concerning marginal current deviations,and provides higher droop adjustments for large current deviations.Meanwhile,the catenary voltages are regulated by considering the voltage data at the midpoint between two TSSs,which experiences the lowest voltages owing to the larger distance from the TSSs.The proposed techniques are validated via simulations and experiments.
文摘The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system,which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply,and support the new energy,the energy storage,the electric vehicles,and the flexible access of AC and DC loads to grid.To realize the demonstration application of the DC distribution technology,China's first demonstration project of the medium voltage DC distribution network will be built in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province to support the construction of the city energy internet.First,this paper analyzes the demand of the DC distribution network project,and puts forward the construction content and construction target.Then,it designs and analyzes the electrical connection mode,system operation mode,and startup and shutdown mode of the DC distribution network,and proposes the overall project construction plan.Finally,it conducts the specific project design and analysis,which mainly in elude the selection of equipment such as inverters,DC transformers and DC circuit breakers,the design and analysis of the DC control and protection system,the design and analysis of the overvoltage protection and the configuration scheme of the lightning arrester,and analysis of the system transient characteristics.The design and analysis of the engineering program is a combination of China's distribution network engineering practice and technical characteristics,which lays a solid foundation for the advancement of the DC power distribution technology in China,and has reference value and demonstration effect for the design and construction of other projects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0904600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077017)。
文摘The two main challenges of medium voltage direct current(MVDC)distribution network are the flexible control of power flow(PF)and fault protection.In this paper,the power flow controller(PFC)is introduced to regulate the PF and inhibit the fault current during the DC fault.The coordination strategy of series-parallel PFC(SP-PFC)and hybrid DC circuit breaker(DCCB)is proposed.By regulating the polarity and magnitude of SP-PFC output voltage during the fault,the rising speed of fault current can be suppressed so as to reduce the breaking current of hybrid DCCB.The access mode of SP-PFC to the MVDC distribution network and its topology are analyzed,and the coordination strategy between SP-PFC and hybrid DCCB is investigated.Moreover,the emergency control and bypass control strategies of SP-PFC are developed.On this basis,the mathematical model of SP-PFC in different fault stages is derived.With the equivalent model of SP-PFC,the fault current of the MVDC distribution network can be calculated accurately.A simulation model of the MVDC distribution network containing SP-PFC is established in MATLAB/Simulink.The fault current calculation result is compared with the simulation result,and the effectiveness of the proposed coordination strategy is verified.
文摘Innovative advancement in power electronics is reshaping the conventional high-voltage transmission systems and has also opened a new paradigm for researchers to consider its benefits in the railway electrification system(RES).In this regard,the medium-voltage direct current RES(MVDC-RES)is a key area of interest nowadays.In this paper,a secondary energy source(SES)consisting of renewable energies(REs)and energy storage systems(ESSs)is proposed to solve the issues of catenary voltage regulation,rail potential,and stray current in the MVDC-RES.Some of the major integration topologies of the SES are analyzed for MVDC-RES and the most effective one is proposed and implemented.The voltage at the point of connection(PoC)of the SES is used as a reference for controlling different operation modes of REs and ESSs.Moreover,feedforward control is used at the ESS converter to attain the quick response from the batteries for the desired operation.The proposed scheme improves the catenary voltage,and reduces the rail potential and stray current.Besides,the scheme provides higher energy density and reduces line losses.Simulation results are provided to validate the operation modes and advantages of the proposed scheme.
文摘在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,为解决功率为36 MW的发电机电压的整流问题,建立适用于船舶MVDC电力系统的模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模型。在空间矢量控制方法的基础上,加入桥臂电压控制。在直流电压为5kV及负载不同的情况下,应用MATLAB/Simulink对该模型进行仿真,验证模型和控制方法的有效性。基于此,研究该模型在不同直流电压(5~30 kV)等级下的性能表现。仿真结果表明:在36MW/5 kV的额定工况下MMC存在效率低的问题;直流电压等级对MMC输出直流电压的纹波影响不大,但对MMC的效率有明显的影响。
文摘在船舶中压直流(medium voltage direct current,MVDC)电力系统中,并联式模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)因可以承担较大的桥臂电流逐渐受到关注,但MMC并联存在环流问题,会导致功率损耗和系统成本增加。为减少并联MMC的环流,首先对并联结构中子模块数对输出电压、交流侧总谐波畸变率(total harmonic distortion,THD)、传输效率的影响进行研究,找到最优子模块数,然后在分析MMC环流产生机理的基础上设计一种基于内模控制(internal model control,IMC)的并联协调控制策略,以此建立并联MMC-MVDC电力整流系统模型。MATLAB/Simulink的仿真结果表明,采用基于IMC的协调控制策略可有效减少并联MMC的环流,并提高桥臂承担电流的能力。
