Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatogra...Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season.展开更多
B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因相关启动子(Bcl-X_L/Bcl-2 associated death promoter,Bad)是麝鼠(Ondatra zibethicus)香腺miRNA测序筛选出的显著差异miRNA靶基因之一。为了解麝鼠Bad基因的基因结构和生物学功能,探讨其在麝鼠香腺发育和泌香中的作...B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因相关启动子(Bcl-X_L/Bcl-2 associated death promoter,Bad)是麝鼠(Ondatra zibethicus)香腺miRNA测序筛选出的显著差异miRNA靶基因之一。为了解麝鼠Bad基因的基因结构和生物学功能,探讨其在麝鼠香腺发育和泌香中的作用,通过比对麝鼠的全基因组获得麝鼠Bad基因的CDS区序列,并利用多种在线预测软件进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:麝鼠Bad基因的CDS区全长为615 bp,编码204个氨基酸;编码的蛋白相对分子质量为22087.40,等电点为9.63,不稳定系数为72.03,平均亲水系数为-0.885,是不稳定的亲水蛋白;无跨膜结构,无信号肽,有26个潜在的磷酸化结合位点。亚细胞定位结果显示,该蛋白主要定位于线粒体。二级结构主要由α-螺旋(32.84%)、无规则卷曲(56.86%)、β-转角(4.90%)和延伸链(5.39%)构成。构建系统发育进化树结果显示,麝鼠与仓鼠科(Cricetidae)亲缘关系最近,说明Bad基因在进化过程中相对保守。蛋白质互作预测结果显示,Bad蛋白与Bcl-2、Akt、Ywhaq、Ywhaz和Ywhab等蛋白相互作用,提示Bad蛋白与这些蛋白间的相互作用可能促进麝鼠香腺萎缩;与Mapk8等互作提示在香腺发育时具有抑制凋亡的作用。研究结果为进一步探究麝鼠Bad基因在香腺周期性发育中的功能提供参考。展开更多
基金This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.5202016)Fundamental research funds for the central universities(Grant No.2019YC18).
文摘Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season.
