The minimal unsatisfiability-preserving sub-TBoxes（MUPS）of an unsatisfiable class C identified by two equivalent transformations,axiom splitting and ontology reduction,and three discrimination rules comprise minimal...The minimal unsatisfiability-preserving sub-TBoxes（MUPS）of an unsatisfiable class C identified by two equivalent transformations,axiom splitting and ontology reduction,and three discrimination rules comprise minimal sets of axioms which support the unsatisfiability.Discrimination rules classify all MUPS into three types based on the transitivity of unsatisfiability,fully dependent on C（MUPSf）,transitively dependent on C（MUPSt）and uncertainly dependent on C（MUPSu）.The results show that the number of MUPSt is frequently a large fraction of the total number of all MUPS,but only MUPSf catches the root error of C.Modelers and domain experts conduct iterative repair work effectively,considering only MUPSf in each iteration.The classification shows the significance for the evaluation of the quality of ontologies from the perspective of maintenance and for repair work.展开更多
Metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate is the common combination among diabetic drugs.Available dosage forms cannot avoid the dose dumping which leads to the complication such as lactic acidosis,gastrointes...Metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate is the common combination among diabetic drugs.Available dosage forms cannot avoid the dose dumping which leads to the complication such as lactic acidosis,gastrointestinal complication,and severe hypoglycemia.Metformin hydrochloride has a very short half-life,i.e.4 hrs,and thus fails to give action for the long period.This leads to the increase number of dosings per day.Single-unit formulations contain the active ingredient within the single tablet or capsule,whereasmultiple-unit dosage forms comprise a number of discrete particles that are combined into one dosage unit.展开更多
Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms are commonly coated to modify the release of drugs. Due to the disadvantages of coated single-unit dosage forms, such as occurrences of dose dumping and local irritation, coated multi...Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms are commonly coated to modify the release of drugs. Due to the disadvantages of coated single-unit dosage forms, such as occurrences of dose dumping and local irritation, coated multi-particulates are preferred.Coated multi-particulates can eventually be filled into capsules or compressed into tablets.展开更多
Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitativ...Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study. Methods Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential(MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition. Results Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low. Conclusion There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.展开更多
基金The Science and Technology Development Program of Tianjin(No.06YFGZGX05900)
文摘The minimal unsatisfiability-preserving sub-TBoxes（MUPS）of an unsatisfiable class C identified by two equivalent transformations,axiom splitting and ontology reduction,and three discrimination rules comprise minimal sets of axioms which support the unsatisfiability.Discrimination rules classify all MUPS into three types based on the transitivity of unsatisfiability,fully dependent on C（MUPSf）,transitively dependent on C（MUPSt）and uncertainly dependent on C（MUPSu）.The results show that the number of MUPSt is frequently a large fraction of the total number of all MUPS,but only MUPSf catches the root error of C.Modelers and domain experts conduct iterative repair work effectively,considering only MUPSf in each iteration.The classification shows the significance for the evaluation of the quality of ontologies from the perspective of maintenance and for repair work.
文摘Metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate is the common combination among diabetic drugs.Available dosage forms cannot avoid the dose dumping which leads to the complication such as lactic acidosis,gastrointestinal complication,and severe hypoglycemia.Metformin hydrochloride has a very short half-life,i.e.4 hrs,and thus fails to give action for the long period.This leads to the increase number of dosings per day.Single-unit formulations contain the active ingredient within the single tablet or capsule,whereasmultiple-unit dosage forms comprise a number of discrete particles that are combined into one dosage unit.
文摘Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms are commonly coated to modify the release of drugs. Due to the disadvantages of coated single-unit dosage forms, such as occurrences of dose dumping and local irritation, coated multi-particulates are preferred.Coated multi-particulates can eventually be filled into capsules or compressed into tablets.
文摘Objective To study the objectivity and reliability of needle electromyography and nerve conduction for detection of musculus extensor digitorum brevis strength, which may provide a basis for establishing a quantitative detection of muscle strength in forensic clinical study. Methods Forty-four healthy people were enrolled as the subjects, and during toe dorsiflexion, the following items including needle electromyography indexes, motor unit potential(MUP) amplitude, MUP count, recruitment reaction type, and nerve conduction detection indexes, compound muscle action potential(CMAP) amplitude, CMAP latent period and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV), were simultaneously detected under the cooperation and disguise condition. Results Under the cooperation condition, regardless of the same operator or different operators, there were good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, while there were normal test-retest reliabilities in MUP count and recruitment reaction type and the repeatability of the same operator was slightly better than the repeatability between different operators. Under the disguise condition, test-retest reliabilities of MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV were relatively high, while test-retest reliabilities of MUP count and recruitment reaction type were relatively low. Conclusion There are good test-retest reliabilities in MUP amplitude, CMAP amplitude, CMAP latent period and MNCV, which can be conducive to comparison between different operators and results at various times; MUP count and recruitment reaction type, which can be easily affected by subjectivity of operators and examinees, can be used to differentiate whether an examinee disguises or not. The indexes used to objectively judge muscle strength remain to be further investigated.
