In this study the MTP1 gene, encoding a type III integral transmembrane protein, was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mtp 1 protein is 520 amino acids long and is comparable to the Ytp 1 pro...In this study the MTP1 gene, encoding a type III integral transmembrane protein, was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mtp 1 protein is 520 amino acids long and is comparable to the Ytp 1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 46% sequence similarity. Prediction programs and MTP1-GFP （green fluorescent protein） fusion expression results indicate that Mtp 1 is a protein located at several membranes in the cytoplasm. The functions of the MTP1 gene in the growth and development of the fungus were studied using an MTP1 gene knockout mutant. The MTP1 gene was primarily expressed at the hyphal and conidial stages and is necessary for conidiation and conidial germination, but is not required for pathogenicity. The Amtpl mutant grew more efficiently than the wild type strain on non-fermentable carbon sources, implying that the MTP1 gene has a unique role in respiratory growth and carbon source use.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Little is known about the rate and reasons for revision after prim...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Little is known about the rate and reasons for revision after primary Metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) arthrodesis with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest implants. While it is commonly assumed that nonunion accounts for most reoperations, we hypothesized that malposition is the leading cause of revision. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and reasons for revision after MTP1 arthrodesis using cup- and cone-reamers and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest locking plate technology. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Between 2015 and 2017, 120 consecutive MTP1 fusions in 114 patients were performed with a low profile, pre</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contoured titanium dorsal locking plate and a plantar metatarsophalangeal screw. The rate and reasons for revision within a minimum one</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year follow-up period (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">average </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16 months</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> [12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">26]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) after index procedure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">documented </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and analyzed. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">revision was defined as any reoperation following the index procedure excluding hardware removal.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Seventeen of 120 feet (14%) underwent revision. Four patients developed a nonunion (3.3%) and needed revision, and 11 feet (9%) required revision for painful malposition;insufficient extension and excessive valgus accounted for the majority. Two patients required medial sesamoidectomy. No infection or wound healing problems occurred. Twelve patients </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">requested hardware removal.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nonunion revision rate after</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> MTP1 fusion with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest locking plate technology is low. The leading cause of revision is malposition followed by nonunion. Excessive valgus and insufficient extension account for most symptomatic malposition. A recommendation of 0</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10 degrees of valgus in the horizontal plane may contribute to diminishing revision rates;no conclusions could be drawn regarding an optimal position in the sagittal plane.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30671351 and 30470064)the Natural Science Foun-dation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. Y304211)
文摘In this study the MTP1 gene, encoding a type III integral transmembrane protein, was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mtp 1 protein is 520 amino acids long and is comparable to the Ytp 1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 46% sequence similarity. Prediction programs and MTP1-GFP （green fluorescent protein） fusion expression results indicate that Mtp 1 is a protein located at several membranes in the cytoplasm. The functions of the MTP1 gene in the growth and development of the fungus were studied using an MTP1 gene knockout mutant. The MTP1 gene was primarily expressed at the hyphal and conidial stages and is necessary for conidiation and conidial germination, but is not required for pathogenicity. The Amtpl mutant grew more efficiently than the wild type strain on non-fermentable carbon sources, implying that the MTP1 gene has a unique role in respiratory growth and carbon source use.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Little is known about the rate and reasons for revision after primary Metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) arthrodesis with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest implants. While it is commonly assumed that nonunion accounts for most reoperations, we hypothesized that malposition is the leading cause of revision. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and reasons for revision after MTP1 arthrodesis using cup- and cone-reamers and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest locking plate technology. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Between 2015 and 2017, 120 consecutive MTP1 fusions in 114 patients were performed with a low profile, pre</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contoured titanium dorsal locking plate and a plantar metatarsophalangeal screw. The rate and reasons for revision within a minimum one</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year follow-up period (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">average </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16 months</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> [12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">26]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) after index procedure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">documented </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and analyzed. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">revision was defined as any reoperation following the index procedure excluding hardware removal.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Seventeen of 120 feet (14%) underwent revision. Four patients developed a nonunion (3.3%) and needed revision, and 11 feet (9%) required revision for painful malposition;insufficient extension and excessive valgus accounted for the majority. Two patients required medial sesamoidectomy. No infection or wound healing problems occurred. Twelve patients </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">requested hardware removal.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nonunion revision rate after</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> MTP1 fusion with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">latest locking plate technology is low. The leading cause of revision is malposition followed by nonunion. Excessive valgus and insufficient extension account for most symptomatic malposition. A recommendation of 0</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10 degrees of valgus in the horizontal plane may contribute to diminishing revision rates;no conclusions could be drawn regarding an optimal position in the sagittal plane.
