Monoamine oxidases(MAOs)are a class of flavin enzymes that are mainly present in the outer membrane of mitochondria and play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters in the central ...Monoamine oxidases(MAOs)are a class of flavin enzymes that are mainly present in the outer membrane of mitochondria and play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.Furthermore,expression of MAOs is associated with the functions of peripheral organs.Dysfunction of MAOs is relevant in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases,heart failure,metabolic disor-ders,and cancers.Monoamine oxidases have two isoenzymes,namely,monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)and monoamine oxidase B(MAO-B).Therefore,the development of reliable and specific methods to detect these two isoenzymes is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of their functions in biological systems,and for further promoting the clinical diag-nosis and treatment of MAO-related diseases.This review mainly focuses on the advances in small molecular probes for the specific imaging of MAO-A and MAO-B,including radiolabeled probes,fluorescent probes,and a 19F magnetic resonance imaging probe.In addition,applications of these probes for detecting MAO expression levels in cells,tissues,animal models,and patients are described.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of developing novel MAO imaging probes are also highlighted.展开更多
Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clini...Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the hepatic inflow, yet invasive. The phase-contrast-MRI(PC-MRI) is not invasive and potentially applicable in assessing the hepatic blood flow. In the present study, we compared the hepatic inflow rates using the PC-MRI and the TTUS probe, and evaluated their predictive value of post-hepatectomy adverse events. Methods: Eighteen large white pigs were anaesthetized for PC-MRI and approximately 75% hepatic resection was performed under a unified protocol. The blood flow was measured in the hepatic artery(Qha), the portal vein(Qpv), and the aorta above the celiac trunk(Qca) using PC-MRI, and was compared to the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method was conducted and a partial least squares regression(PLS) model was implemented. Results: The mean Qpv measured in PC-MRI was 0.55 ± 0.12 L/min, and in the TTUS probe was 0.74 ± 0.17 L/min. Qca was 1.40 ± 0.47 L/min in the PC-MRI and 2.00 ± 0.60 L/min in the TTUS probe. Qha was 0.17 ± 0.10 L/min in the PC-MRI, and 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min in the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method revealed that the estimated bias of Qca in the PC-MRI was 32%(95% CI:-49% to 15%); Qha 17%(95% CI:-15% to 51%); and Qpv 40%(95% CI:-62% to 18%). The TTUS probe had a higher weight in predicting adverse outcomes after 75% resection compared to the PC-MRI( β= 0.35 and 0.43 vs β = 0.22 and 0.07, for tissue changes and premature death, respectively). Conclusions: There is a tendency of the PC-MRI to underestimate the flow measured by the TTUS probes. The TTUS probe measures are more predictive of relevant post-hepatectomy outcomes.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20210062National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82172054Project of Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,Soochow University,Grant/Award Number:KJS2326。
文摘Monoamine oxidases(MAOs)are a class of flavin enzymes that are mainly present in the outer membrane of mitochondria and play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.Furthermore,expression of MAOs is associated with the functions of peripheral organs.Dysfunction of MAOs is relevant in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases,heart failure,metabolic disor-ders,and cancers.Monoamine oxidases have two isoenzymes,namely,monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)and monoamine oxidase B(MAO-B).Therefore,the development of reliable and specific methods to detect these two isoenzymes is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of their functions in biological systems,and for further promoting the clinical diag-nosis and treatment of MAO-related diseases.This review mainly focuses on the advances in small molecular probes for the specific imaging of MAO-A and MAO-B,including radiolabeled probes,fluorescent probes,and a 19F magnetic resonance imaging probe.In addition,applications of these probes for detecting MAO expression levels in cells,tissues,animal models,and patients are described.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of developing novel MAO imaging probes are also highlighted.
基金supported mainly by the “Agence de la Biomedecine” through its program of Research(AOR 2009)BM,AC,BP,WM,VCI and VE acknowledged funding of project ANR-13-TECS-0006 by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche
文摘Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the hepatic inflow, yet invasive. The phase-contrast-MRI(PC-MRI) is not invasive and potentially applicable in assessing the hepatic blood flow. In the present study, we compared the hepatic inflow rates using the PC-MRI and the TTUS probe, and evaluated their predictive value of post-hepatectomy adverse events. Methods: Eighteen large white pigs were anaesthetized for PC-MRI and approximately 75% hepatic resection was performed under a unified protocol. The blood flow was measured in the hepatic artery(Qha), the portal vein(Qpv), and the aorta above the celiac trunk(Qca) using PC-MRI, and was compared to the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method was conducted and a partial least squares regression(PLS) model was implemented. Results: The mean Qpv measured in PC-MRI was 0.55 ± 0.12 L/min, and in the TTUS probe was 0.74 ± 0.17 L/min. Qca was 1.40 ± 0.47 L/min in the PC-MRI and 2.00 ± 0.60 L/min in the TTUS probe. Qha was 0.17 ± 0.10 L/min in the PC-MRI, and 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min in the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method revealed that the estimated bias of Qca in the PC-MRI was 32%(95% CI:-49% to 15%); Qha 17%(95% CI:-15% to 51%); and Qpv 40%(95% CI:-62% to 18%). The TTUS probe had a higher weight in predicting adverse outcomes after 75% resection compared to the PC-MRI( β= 0.35 and 0.43 vs β = 0.22 and 0.07, for tissue changes and premature death, respectively). Conclusions: There is a tendency of the PC-MRI to underestimate the flow measured by the TTUS probes. The TTUS probe measures are more predictive of relevant post-hepatectomy outcomes.
