Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)depositi...Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human airways.Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device.IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH analysis.Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)modeling.Mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)respectively.PM1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements.PAH like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region.ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue.Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies.MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male.These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.展开更多
Objective:To more rapidly and accurately obtain minimal erythema dose(MED)and minimal persistent pigment dose(MPPD)values in sun protection testing,we conducted a retrospective exploration of previous test data.Method...Objective:To more rapidly and accurately obtain minimal erythema dose(MED)and minimal persistent pigment dose(MPPD)values in sun protection testing,we conducted a retrospective exploration of previous test data.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed sunscreen test data collected from January 1,2021,to September 1,2024,among long-term East Asian residents in Shenzhen,China.We investigated correlations between skin color characteristics,age,seasonal variations,and UV sensitivity indicators(MED and MPPD).Results:The results indicate that in the population tested,there is a significant negative correlation between ITA°and the unprotected MED of participants(P<0.05),but no statistical correlation with the unprotected MPPD(P>0.05).There was a minimal correlation between participant age and both unprotected MED and MPPD.When compared to the other seasons,participants in winter exhibited significantly higher unprotected MED(P<0.05),and the unprotected MPPD was significantly higher in the autumn and winter than in spring and summer(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,defining proprietary predictive MED and MPPD values based on laboratory test population data in sunscreen efficacy testing enhances the probability of actual values conforming to preset gradients,thereby improving test success rates and overall efficiency.Moreover,while the impact of age is relatively minor,differences in skin color,population,and season do affect the results of MED and MPPD,which in turn influence the outcomes of sun protection product testing.Therefore,it may be necessary to conduct customized sun protection capability tests tailored to the product's target demographic and environmental context.展开更多
文摘Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human airways.Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device.IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH analysis.Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)modeling.Mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)respectively.PM1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements.PAH like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region.ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue.Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies.MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male.These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.
文摘Objective:To more rapidly and accurately obtain minimal erythema dose(MED)and minimal persistent pigment dose(MPPD)values in sun protection testing,we conducted a retrospective exploration of previous test data.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed sunscreen test data collected from January 1,2021,to September 1,2024,among long-term East Asian residents in Shenzhen,China.We investigated correlations between skin color characteristics,age,seasonal variations,and UV sensitivity indicators(MED and MPPD).Results:The results indicate that in the population tested,there is a significant negative correlation between ITA°and the unprotected MED of participants(P<0.05),but no statistical correlation with the unprotected MPPD(P>0.05).There was a minimal correlation between participant age and both unprotected MED and MPPD.When compared to the other seasons,participants in winter exhibited significantly higher unprotected MED(P<0.05),and the unprotected MPPD was significantly higher in the autumn and winter than in spring and summer(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,defining proprietary predictive MED and MPPD values based on laboratory test population data in sunscreen efficacy testing enhances the probability of actual values conforming to preset gradients,thereby improving test success rates and overall efficiency.Moreover,while the impact of age is relatively minor,differences in skin color,population,and season do affect the results of MED and MPPD,which in turn influence the outcomes of sun protection product testing.Therefore,it may be necessary to conduct customized sun protection capability tests tailored to the product's target demographic and environmental context.
