In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at b...In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.展开更多
Over-the-air(OTA)testing is considered as the only feasible solution to evaluate radio performances of the fifth-generation(5G)wireless devices which feature two important technologies,i.e.,massive multiple-input mult...Over-the-air(OTA)testing is considered as the only feasible solution to evaluate radio performances of the fifth-generation(5G)wireless devices which feature two important technologies,i.e.,massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)and millimeter-wave(mmWave).The multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)based OTA setup is able to emulate realistic multipath propagation conditions in a controlled manner.This paper investigates an MPAC OTA setup which is capable of evaluating the performances of 5G base stations as the devices-under-test(DUTs)which are equipped with dual-polarized antennas.Both end-to-end setup and probe configuration for the considered MPAC setup will be elaborated.Furthermore,since building a practical MPAC setup is expensive,time-consuming,and error-prone,an endto-end software testbed is established for validation purpose to avoid technical risks before finalizing an MPAC setup.The architecture of the testbed is presented,which can emulate both the channel profiles perceived by the DUT and the physical-layer behaviors of the considered link conforming to 5G new radio(NR)specifications.Results show that the performances under the emulated channel agree well with those under the target channel,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the MPAC method.展开更多
随着通信技术的发展,终端多天线系统的设计中引入了更多5G天线,MIMO技术的复杂性使得多天线用户设备在性能评估与测试验证中面临更大挑战。介绍了5G移动终端FR1频段MIMO OTA测试技术,对比了与LTE MIMO OTA测试方法的关键差异,在实际多...随着通信技术的发展,终端多天线系统的设计中引入了更多5G天线,MIMO技术的复杂性使得多天线用户设备在性能评估与测试验证中面临更大挑战。介绍了5G移动终端FR1频段MIMO OTA测试技术,对比了与LTE MIMO OTA测试方法的关键差异,在实际多探头全电波暗室(MPAC)环境下采用多款5G商用终端开展了4×4及2×2 MIMO OTA性能测试。结果表明,FR1 MIMO OTA测试方案能够有效地区分不同用户设备(UE)的多天线性能差异,且现有5G终端产品在不同测试姿态、测试角度下多天线性能差异较大。文章还从实测与标准化角度解读了3GPP、CCSA、CTIA在5G终端FR1 MIMO OTA测试方面的研究进展。展开更多
Over-the-air(OTA)testing is an industry standard practice for evaluating transceiver performance in wireless devices.For the fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless systems with high integration,OTA testing is probabl...Over-the-air(OTA)testing is an industry standard practice for evaluating transceiver performance in wireless devices.For the fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless systems with high integration,OTA testing is probably the only reliable method to accurately measure the transceiver performance,suitable for certification as well as for providing feedback for design verification and optimization.Further,multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)technology is extensively applied for stable connection,high throughput rate,and low latency.In this paper,we provide an overview of the three main methods for evaluating the MIMO OTA performance,namely,the multiprobe anechoic chamber(MPAC)method,the reverberation chamber plus channel emulator(RC+CE)method,and the radiated two-stage(RTS)method,with the aim of providing a useful guideline for developing effective wireless performance testing in future 5G-and-beyond wireless systems.展开更多
Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous ef...Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia.Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment.Over-the-air(OTA)radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive,since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions.In this paper,we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions.After that,two promising candidate solutions,i.e.,wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC),are detailed.Their principles,applicability for mmWave NR,and main challenges are discussed.Furthermore,preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62090015,No.61821001)BUPT Excellent Ph.D.Students Foundation under Grant(CX2021216)。
文摘In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant.61971067.
文摘Over-the-air(OTA)testing is considered as the only feasible solution to evaluate radio performances of the fifth-generation(5G)wireless devices which feature two important technologies,i.e.,massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)and millimeter-wave(mmWave).The multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)based OTA setup is able to emulate realistic multipath propagation conditions in a controlled manner.This paper investigates an MPAC OTA setup which is capable of evaluating the performances of 5G base stations as the devices-under-test(DUTs)which are equipped with dual-polarized antennas.Both end-to-end setup and probe configuration for the considered MPAC setup will be elaborated.Furthermore,since building a practical MPAC setup is expensive,time-consuming,and error-prone,an endto-end software testbed is established for validation purpose to avoid technical risks before finalizing an MPAC setup.The architecture of the testbed is presented,which can emulate both the channel profiles perceived by the DUT and the physical-layer behaviors of the considered link conforming to 5G new radio(NR)specifications.Results show that the performances under the emulated channel agree well with those under the target channel,validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the MPAC method.
文摘随着通信技术的发展,终端多天线系统的设计中引入了更多5G天线,MIMO技术的复杂性使得多天线用户设备在性能评估与测试验证中面临更大挑战。介绍了5G移动终端FR1频段MIMO OTA测试技术,对比了与LTE MIMO OTA测试方法的关键差异,在实际多探头全电波暗室(MPAC)环境下采用多款5G商用终端开展了4×4及2×2 MIMO OTA性能测试。结果表明,FR1 MIMO OTA测试方案能够有效地区分不同用户设备(UE)的多天线性能差异,且现有5G终端产品在不同测试姿态、测试角度下多天线性能差异较大。文章还从实测与标准化角度解读了3GPP、CCSA、CTIA在5G终端FR1 MIMO OTA测试方面的研究进展。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61671203)。
文摘Over-the-air(OTA)testing is an industry standard practice for evaluating transceiver performance in wireless devices.For the fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless systems with high integration,OTA testing is probably the only reliable method to accurately measure the transceiver performance,suitable for certification as well as for providing feedback for design verification and optimization.Further,multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)technology is extensively applied for stable connection,high throughput rate,and low latency.In this paper,we provide an overview of the three main methods for evaluating the MIMO OTA performance,namely,the multiprobe anechoic chamber(MPAC)method,the reverberation chamber plus channel emulator(RC+CE)method,and the radiated two-stage(RTS)method,with the aim of providing a useful guideline for developing effective wireless performance testing in future 5G-and-beyond wireless systems.
基金Project supported by the InnoExplorer Project Funded by Innovation Fund Denmark(No.20199122-00089A)。
文摘Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia.Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment.Over-the-air(OTA)radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive,since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions.In this paper,we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions.After that,two promising candidate solutions,i.e.,wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC),are detailed.Their principles,applicability for mmWave NR,and main challenges are discussed.Furthermore,preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.
