The manuscript introduces an “ab initio” quantum model to deduce the Maxwell equations. After general considerations and laying out the model’s theoretical framework, these equations can be derived alongside a broa...The manuscript introduces an “ab initio” quantum model to deduce the Maxwell equations. After general considerations and laying out the model’s theoretical framework, these equations can be derived alongside a broad variety of other results. Specifically, a corollary of the present model proposes a possible mechanism underlying the formation of magnetic monopoles and allows estimating their formation energy in order of magnitude.展开更多
The Poynting vector includes time-independent contributions which, since they represent photons of zero frequency, need to be absent;this removal resolves several paradoxes that arise when they are left in place;furth...The Poynting vector includes time-independent contributions which, since they represent photons of zero frequency, need to be absent;this removal resolves several paradoxes that arise when they are left in place;furthermore, magnetic monopoles, if they existed, would be accompanied by a Lenz’s law that defies conservation of energy suggesting that magnetic charges might not be found in Nature.展开更多
Two of Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics are: and , where E, B and are electric field, magnetic field, and electric charge density respectively. A fundamental question that the physics community is perplexed wit...Two of Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics are: and , where E, B and are electric field, magnetic field, and electric charge density respectively. A fundamental question that the physics community is perplexed with since the 19C is this: Why the second of these equations is not where is the magnetic charge density? Put in a slightly different way, it is an empirical fact of nature that magnets have two poles, namely, north and south poles. Why is it that objects with a single north or south pole do not appear to exist? No one has ever observed an isolated excess of one kind of magnetic charge—an isolated north pole, for example! Further, there does not exist any theoretical explanation why magnetic charges do not exist. The only conclusion that can be drawn from the more than one hundred and fifty years of fruitless search is that ordinary matter consists of electric charges (electric monopoles) and not magnetic charges (magnetic monopoles)! In this paper, we disprove this conclusion by showing that magnetic monopoles exist even though we cannot isolate them.展开更多
Electricity and magnetism are common features of our world. The subject of electromagnetic fields in empty space populated only by point charges or smooth charge distributions in space is well understood. In that case...Electricity and magnetism are common features of our world. The subject of electromagnetic fields in empty space populated only by point charges or smooth charge distributions in space is well understood. In that case, one deals with the classical theory of electrodynamics developed by J.C. Maxwell in 1864. Electromagnetism in the presence of matter is, however, a completely different problem. Microscopic electric behavior of homogeneous substances can in general be characterized fairly simply and completely. The theory that enables us to do this is fairly well understood. Sadly the situation is quite different for magnetism in matter. The study there is phenomenological. That is, the substance is characterized by a number of parameters and the experimentally determined relations among them. We are not aware of any successful microscopic theory of magnetism in matter. The microscopic theory of magnetic substances, a topic of fundamental and technological importance, is the subject of this paper.展开更多
We show how the Koide relationships and associated triplet mass matrices can be generalized to derive the observed sum of the free neutron and proton rest masses in terms of the up and down current quark masses and th...We show how the Koide relationships and associated triplet mass matrices can be generalized to derive the observed sum of the free neutron and proton rest masses in terms of the up and down current quark masses and the Fermi vev to six parts in 10,000. This sum can then be solved for the separate neutron and proton masses using the neutron minus proton mass difference derived by the author in a recent, separate paper. The oppositely-signed charges of the up and down quarks are responsible for the appearance of a complex phase exp(iδ) and real rotation angle θ which leads on an independent basis to mass and mixing matrices similar to that of Cabibbo, Kobayashi and Maskawa (CKM). These can then be used to specify the neutron and proton mass relationships to unlimited accuracy using θ as a nucleon fitting angle deduced from empirical data. This fitting angle is then shown to be related to an invariant of the CKM mixing angles within experimental errors. Also developed is a master mass and mixing matrix which may help to interconnect all baryon and quark masses and mixing angles. The Koide generalizations developed here enable these neutron and proton mass relationships to be given a Lagrangian formulation based on neutron and proton field strength tensors that contain vacuum-amplified and current quark wavefunctions and masses. In the course of development, we also uncover new Koide relationships for the neutrinos, the up quarks, and the down quarks.展开更多
In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict...In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict a relationship among the electron and up and down quark masses within experimental errors and to obtain a very accurate relationship for nuclear binding energies generally and for the binding of 56Fe in particular. The free proton and neutron were understood to each contain intrinsic binding energies which confine their quarks, wherein some or most (never all) of this energy is released for binding when they are fused into composite nuclides. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this thesis by seeing whether it can explain the specific empirical binding energies of the light 1s nuclides, namely, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He, with high precision. As the method to achieve this, we show how these 1s binding energies are in fact the components of inner and outer tensor products of Yang-Mills matrices which are implicit in the expressions for these intrinsic binding energies. The result is that the binding energies for the 4He, 3He and 3H nucleons are respectively, independently, explained to less than four parts in one million, four parts in 100,000, and seven parts in one million, all in AMU. Further, we are able to exactly relate the neutron minus proton mass difference to a function of the up and down current quark masses, which in turn enables us to explain the 2H binding energy most precisely of all, to just over 8 parts in ten million. These energies have never before been theoretically explained with such accuracy, which leads to the conclusion that the underlying thesis provides the strongest theoretical explanation to date of what baryons are, and of how protons and neutrons confine their quarks and bind together into composite nuclides. As is also reviewed in Section 9, these results may lay the foundation for more easily catalyzing nuclear fusion energy release.展开更多
Based on the thesis that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles which the author has previously developed and which has been confirmed by over half a dozen empirically-accurate predic...Based on the thesis that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles which the author has previously developed and which has been confirmed by over half a dozen empirically-accurate predictions, we develop a GUT that is rooted in the SU(4) subgroups for the proton/electron and neutron/neutrino which were used as the basis for these predictions. The SU(8) GUT group so-developed leads following three stages of symmetry breaking to all known phenomenology including a neutrino that behaves differently from other fermions, lepto-quark separation, replication of fermions into exactly three generations, the Cabibbo mixing of those generations, weak interactions which are left-chiral, and all four of the gravitational, strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The next steps based on this development will be to calculate the masses and energies associated with the vacuum terms of the Lagrangian, to see if additional empirical confirmations can be achieved, especially for the proton and neutron and the fermion masses.展开更多
Based on the φ-mapping topological current theory and the decomposition of gauge potential theory, the vortex lines and the monopoles in electrically conducting plasmas are studied. It is pointed out that these two t...Based on the φ-mapping topological current theory and the decomposition of gauge potential theory, the vortex lines and the monopoles in electrically conducting plasmas are studied. It is pointed out that these two topological structures respectively inhere in two-dimensional and three-dimensional topological currents, which can be derived from the same topological term n^→·（Эin^→×Эjn^→）, and both these topological structures axe characterized by the φ-mapping topological numbers-Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees. Furthermore, the spatial bifurcation of vortex lines and the generation and annihilation of monopoles are also discussed. At last, we point out that the Hopf invaxiant is a proper topological invaxiant to describe the knotted solitons.展开更多
This paper presents the design and the experimental characterization of a new multi-band antenna consisting of three folded monopoles dedicated to mobile communication systems. The originality of this paper is to get ...This paper presents the design and the experimental characterization of a new multi-band antenna consisting of three folded monopoles dedicated to mobile communication systems. The originality of this paper is to get the PMR (Professional or Private Mobile Radio) band with the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), DCS (Digital Cellular System) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) bands. The main lobe of the antenna radiates in the zenith direction with a linear polarization over all bands. It is interesting to design the proposed antenna in order to obtain better performances in terms of directive radiation pattern (especially in the PMR band) in comparison with the already existing antenna systems in the wireless market for similar purposes. The prototype was studied with the software CST-MWS (Micro wave studio 2012). The antenna has been designed and successfully measured.展开更多
The study of magnetic monopoles continues to be a prominent and captivating topic in physics, particularly within the realm of physical materials. Recently, K. C. Tan, Hariom Jani, Michael Högen, and their collab...The study of magnetic monopoles continues to be a prominent and captivating topic in physics, particularly within the realm of physical materials. Recently, K. C. Tan, Hariom Jani, Michael Högen, and their collaborators (2023) reported groundbreaking discoveries, marking significant progress in this field. However, a sense of dissatisfaction persists among researchers regarding the current state of advancement. To address this, we propose a novel theoretical framework that explores magnetic monopoles through the lens of Higgs field portals. Our findings indicate that the spin of the magnetic monopole, s = 1, is intrinsically linked to the fundamental expression governing its behavior, with the two aspects being inseparable in practical terms. This theory offers a deeper understanding of the inherent nature of magnetic monopoles and provides a foundation for further exploration.展开更多
We uncover the virtual monopoles underlying the nontrivial phases of the one-dimensional nonlinear excitations of rogue waves by extending the Dirac magnetic monopole theory to a complex plane. We find that the densit...We uncover the virtual monopoles underlying the nontrivial phases of the one-dimensional nonlinear excitations of rogue waves by extending the Dirac magnetic monopole theory to a complex plane. We find that the density zeros of the nonlinear waves on the extended complex plane constitute the virtual monopole fields with a quantized flux of elementary π. We then explain the exotic properties of rogue waves by means of a virtual monopole collision mechanism and find that the maximum amplitude amplification ratio and multiple phase steps of the high-order rogue waves are closely related to the number of their contained monopoles. These results open a new avenue for studying topological properties of nonlinear waves and provide an alternative way to understand their dynamics.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse squa...In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse square potential into the system and analyze the results.Using an analytical approach,we obtain the energy level and study the thermodynamics at finite temperature.Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic variables,except for the specific heat and entropy,are influenced by the topological parameters,the strength of the WYMM,and the inverse square potential.展开更多
Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
In a Weyl semimetal(WSM),the conduction and valence bands cross each other near the Fermi energy,and the crossing points,called Weyl points,exhibit a monopole-like distribution of the Berry curvature.The Berry curvatu...In a Weyl semimetal(WSM),the conduction and valence bands cross each other near the Fermi energy,and the crossing points,called Weyl points,exhibit a monopole-like distribution of the Berry curvature.The Berry curvature is a fictitious magnetic field in the momentum-space and induces the anomalous velocity to the real-space electron motion.Therefore,Weyl monopoles play essential roles in the charge transport,for example,the anomalous Hall effect(AHE).The anomalous Hall conductivity(AHC)is nearly proportional to the distance between the Weyl point pairs with opposite chirality.The magnetic order and spin structure sensitively modify Weyl point positions and energies.展开更多
Feasible and accurate acoustic modeling of external and internal aircraft environments is essential for designing low-noise multi-propeller aircraft.This work proposes a novel sound source equivalent approach using Li...Feasible and accurate acoustic modeling of external and internal aircraft environments is essential for designing low-noise multi-propeller aircraft.This work proposes a novel sound source equivalent approach using Lighthill's sound sources(monopole and dipole point sources)for simulating propeller noise.It establishes data transmission interfaces between aerodynamic acoustics and acoustic-solid coupling.Equations are expanded from acoustic pressure to monopole amplitude and dipole moment vector.The basic assumption is that the propeller noise has similar spatial radiation directivity as the sound point source.The radiation relationships are explicitly built between harmonic propeller noise and dipole sources at cabin cross-sections,and between harmonic propeller noise and monopole sources along cabin longitudinal sections.External acoustic pressure distributions of cabin noise are calculated using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)approach.Interior noise is calculated using frequency domain acoustic-solid coupling.Sound source equivalent approach is used to calculate the equivalent intensity of monopole or dipole point sources for external excitation.To assess accuracy of the proposed approach,both external and interior noise of a turboprop aircraft with four sixbladed propellers are calculated and compared against flight trial results of a C-130J-30 Hercules.The turboprop aircraft adopts the same size parameters as the C-130J-30 Hercules.The present frequency domain acoustic approach is accurate for interior cabin noise.It is beneficial for enhancing the design of the low-noise turboprop aircraft.展开更多
A thin compact broadband coplanarfed rectangular-ring monopole antenna parasiticallyloaded by three nested concentric rectangle rings and aπ-shaped stub is proposed suitable for modern communication needs.It has an o...A thin compact broadband coplanarfed rectangular-ring monopole antenna parasiticallyloaded by three nested concentric rectangle rings and aπ-shaped stub is proposed suitable for modern communication needs.It has an overall area of only 25 mm×6 mm(0.29λ_(0)×0.07λ_(0)at 3.5 GHz),which can be the base radiating element of the MIMO array,being easily integrated into any wireless device.Its measured(simulated)fractional bandwidth is 24.6%(31.6%)ranging from 3.25(3.09)to 4.16(4.25)GHz,being applicable to the 5G N48,N77,and N78 bands.Practical guidelines are also provided to make the proposed design operate on some other additional 5G bands(e.g.,N41 or N46)without compromising its overall size.As far as the radiation properties are concerned,the antenna with such small dimensions radiates nearly bidirectionally and omnidirectionally in the E-and H-plane,respectively,and has an average measured(simulated)peak realized gain of-0.1(1.8)dBi over the band of interest.The proposed antenna is wideband,physically small and relatively easy to manufacture,making it straightforward to integrate with the RF electronics in IoT sensors.展开更多
By regarding the Newton constant GNand cosmological constantΛas variables,in this paper we study the thermodynamics and phase transition of the Reissner-Nordstr o m anti-de Sitter(RN-Ad S)black hole with a global mon...By regarding the Newton constant GNand cosmological constantΛas variables,in this paper we study the thermodynamics and phase transition of the Reissner-Nordstr o m anti-de Sitter(RN-Ad S)black hole with a global monopole within the framework of Ad S/CFT correspondence.We find interesting critical phenomena and phase behavior in the(grand)canonical ensembles of fixed(Q,V,C),(Φ,V,C)and(Q,V,μ).When the other parameters are fixed,the free energy decreases with the global monopole increases.In the(Q,V,C)ensemble,the range of the unstable region decreases with the increase of the global monopole.In the(Φ,V,C)ensemble,whenΦ<Φc,the free energy appears as two branches,where the upper and lower branches correspond to low and high entropy,respectively.When(Q,V,μ)is fixed,a new zero-order phase transition occurs in the high-entropy phase and the low-entropy phase at certainμ-dependent temperatures.Whenμincreases to a certain value,this zero-order phase transition disappears.This certain value is negatively related to the magnitude of the global monopole.Finally,we find that p-V criticality does not appear with the change of global monopole.Therefore,it is important to note that the CFT states of charged black holes with global monopoles do not correspond to van der Waals fluids.Finally,we find that charged black holes with global monopoles can better reflect thermodynamic phase transitions and critical phenomena under the Ad S/CFT correspondence.By adjusting the change of the global monopole,the thermodynamic phase transition will also change.展开更多
It is generally accepted nowadays that the evolution of the universe is well described by the inflationary universe scenario.Inflation occurs during the evolution of the early universe when the ambient temperature dro...It is generally accepted nowadays that the evolution of the universe is well described by the inflationary universe scenario.Inflation occurs during the evolution of the early universe when the ambient temperature drops below the critical grand-unified-theories （GUT）temperature (T<sub>GUT</sub>～10<sup>16</sup> Gev).The universe then be-展开更多
Two magnetic monopole models (i.e., model (I, II)) are presented to discuss the energy resources problem based on magnetic monopole catalytic nuclear decay in massive white dwarfs. We find that the luminosities for mo...Two magnetic monopole models (i.e., model (I, II)) are presented to discuss the energy resources problem based on magnetic monopole catalytic nuclear decay in massive white dwarfs. We find that the luminosities for most of massive white dwarfs increase as the temperature increases. The luminosities of model (II) are agreed well with those of the observations at relativistic high temperature (e.g., T6=1,10), However, the luminosities of the observations can be five orders of magnitude larger than those of model (I).展开更多
Acoustic reflection imaging logging technology can detect and evaluate the development of reflection anomalies,such as fractures,caves and faults,within a range of tens of meters from the wellbore,greatly expanding th...Acoustic reflection imaging logging technology can detect and evaluate the development of reflection anomalies,such as fractures,caves and faults,within a range of tens of meters from the wellbore,greatly expanding the application scope of well logging technology.This article reviews the development history of the technology and focuses on introducing key methods,software,and on-site applications of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.Based on the analyses of major challenges faced by existing technologies,and in conjunction with the practical production requirements of oilfields,the further development directions of acoustic reflection imaging logging are proposed.Following the current approach that utilizes the reflection coefficients,derived from the computation of acoustic slowness and density,to perform seismic inversion constrained by well logging,the next frontier is to directly establish the forward and inverse relationships between the downhole measured reflection waves and the surface seismic reflection waves.It is essential to advance research in imaging of fractures within shale reservoirs,the assessment of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness,the study of geosteering while drilling,and the innovation in instruments of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.展开更多
文摘The manuscript introduces an “ab initio” quantum model to deduce the Maxwell equations. After general considerations and laying out the model’s theoretical framework, these equations can be derived alongside a broad variety of other results. Specifically, a corollary of the present model proposes a possible mechanism underlying the formation of magnetic monopoles and allows estimating their formation energy in order of magnitude.
文摘The Poynting vector includes time-independent contributions which, since they represent photons of zero frequency, need to be absent;this removal resolves several paradoxes that arise when they are left in place;furthermore, magnetic monopoles, if they existed, would be accompanied by a Lenz’s law that defies conservation of energy suggesting that magnetic charges might not be found in Nature.
文摘Two of Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics are: and , where E, B and are electric field, magnetic field, and electric charge density respectively. A fundamental question that the physics community is perplexed with since the 19C is this: Why the second of these equations is not where is the magnetic charge density? Put in a slightly different way, it is an empirical fact of nature that magnets have two poles, namely, north and south poles. Why is it that objects with a single north or south pole do not appear to exist? No one has ever observed an isolated excess of one kind of magnetic charge—an isolated north pole, for example! Further, there does not exist any theoretical explanation why magnetic charges do not exist. The only conclusion that can be drawn from the more than one hundred and fifty years of fruitless search is that ordinary matter consists of electric charges (electric monopoles) and not magnetic charges (magnetic monopoles)! In this paper, we disprove this conclusion by showing that magnetic monopoles exist even though we cannot isolate them.
文摘Electricity and magnetism are common features of our world. The subject of electromagnetic fields in empty space populated only by point charges or smooth charge distributions in space is well understood. In that case, one deals with the classical theory of electrodynamics developed by J.C. Maxwell in 1864. Electromagnetism in the presence of matter is, however, a completely different problem. Microscopic electric behavior of homogeneous substances can in general be characterized fairly simply and completely. The theory that enables us to do this is fairly well understood. Sadly the situation is quite different for magnetism in matter. The study there is phenomenological. That is, the substance is characterized by a number of parameters and the experimentally determined relations among them. We are not aware of any successful microscopic theory of magnetism in matter. The microscopic theory of magnetic substances, a topic of fundamental and technological importance, is the subject of this paper.
文摘We show how the Koide relationships and associated triplet mass matrices can be generalized to derive the observed sum of the free neutron and proton rest masses in terms of the up and down current quark masses and the Fermi vev to six parts in 10,000. This sum can then be solved for the separate neutron and proton masses using the neutron minus proton mass difference derived by the author in a recent, separate paper. The oppositely-signed charges of the up and down quarks are responsible for the appearance of a complex phase exp(iδ) and real rotation angle θ which leads on an independent basis to mass and mixing matrices similar to that of Cabibbo, Kobayashi and Maskawa (CKM). These can then be used to specify the neutron and proton mass relationships to unlimited accuracy using θ as a nucleon fitting angle deduced from empirical data. This fitting angle is then shown to be related to an invariant of the CKM mixing angles within experimental errors. Also developed is a master mass and mixing matrix which may help to interconnect all baryon and quark masses and mixing angles. The Koide generalizations developed here enable these neutron and proton mass relationships to be given a Lagrangian formulation based on neutron and proton field strength tensors that contain vacuum-amplified and current quark wavefunctions and masses. In the course of development, we also uncover new Koide relationships for the neutrinos, the up quarks, and the down quarks.
文摘In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict a relationship among the electron and up and down quark masses within experimental errors and to obtain a very accurate relationship for nuclear binding energies generally and for the binding of 56Fe in particular. The free proton and neutron were understood to each contain intrinsic binding energies which confine their quarks, wherein some or most (never all) of this energy is released for binding when they are fused into composite nuclides. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this thesis by seeing whether it can explain the specific empirical binding energies of the light 1s nuclides, namely, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He, with high precision. As the method to achieve this, we show how these 1s binding energies are in fact the components of inner and outer tensor products of Yang-Mills matrices which are implicit in the expressions for these intrinsic binding energies. The result is that the binding energies for the 4He, 3He and 3H nucleons are respectively, independently, explained to less than four parts in one million, four parts in 100,000, and seven parts in one million, all in AMU. Further, we are able to exactly relate the neutron minus proton mass difference to a function of the up and down current quark masses, which in turn enables us to explain the 2H binding energy most precisely of all, to just over 8 parts in ten million. These energies have never before been theoretically explained with such accuracy, which leads to the conclusion that the underlying thesis provides the strongest theoretical explanation to date of what baryons are, and of how protons and neutrons confine their quarks and bind together into composite nuclides. As is also reviewed in Section 9, these results may lay the foundation for more easily catalyzing nuclear fusion energy release.
文摘Based on the thesis that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles which the author has previously developed and which has been confirmed by over half a dozen empirically-accurate predictions, we develop a GUT that is rooted in the SU(4) subgroups for the proton/electron and neutron/neutrino which were used as the basis for these predictions. The SU(8) GUT group so-developed leads following three stages of symmetry breaking to all known phenomenology including a neutrino that behaves differently from other fermions, lepto-quark separation, replication of fermions into exactly three generations, the Cabibbo mixing of those generations, weak interactions which are left-chiral, and all four of the gravitational, strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The next steps based on this development will be to calculate the masses and energies associated with the vacuum terms of the Lagrangian, to see if additional empirical confirmations can be achieved, especially for the proton and neutron and the fermion masses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Cuiying Programme of Lanzhou University
文摘Based on the φ-mapping topological current theory and the decomposition of gauge potential theory, the vortex lines and the monopoles in electrically conducting plasmas are studied. It is pointed out that these two topological structures respectively inhere in two-dimensional and three-dimensional topological currents, which can be derived from the same topological term n^→·（Эin^→×Эjn^→）, and both these topological structures axe characterized by the φ-mapping topological numbers-Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees. Furthermore, the spatial bifurcation of vortex lines and the generation and annihilation of monopoles are also discussed. At last, we point out that the Hopf invaxiant is a proper topological invaxiant to describe the knotted solitons.
文摘This paper presents the design and the experimental characterization of a new multi-band antenna consisting of three folded monopoles dedicated to mobile communication systems. The originality of this paper is to get the PMR (Professional or Private Mobile Radio) band with the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), DCS (Digital Cellular System) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) bands. The main lobe of the antenna radiates in the zenith direction with a linear polarization over all bands. It is interesting to design the proposed antenna in order to obtain better performances in terms of directive radiation pattern (especially in the PMR band) in comparison with the already existing antenna systems in the wireless market for similar purposes. The prototype was studied with the software CST-MWS (Micro wave studio 2012). The antenna has been designed and successfully measured.
文摘The study of magnetic monopoles continues to be a prominent and captivating topic in physics, particularly within the realm of physical materials. Recently, K. C. Tan, Hariom Jani, Michael Högen, and their collaborators (2023) reported groundbreaking discoveries, marking significant progress in this field. However, a sense of dissatisfaction persists among researchers regarding the current state of advancement. To address this, we propose a novel theoretical framework that explores magnetic monopoles through the lens of Higgs field portals. Our findings indicate that the spin of the magnetic monopole, s = 1, is intrinsically linked to the fundamental expression governing its behavior, with the two aspects being inseparable in practical terms. This theory offers a deeper understanding of the inherent nature of magnetic monopoles and provides a foundation for further exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12375005,12022513,and12235007)the National Safety Academic Fund(Grant No.U2330401)。
文摘We uncover the virtual monopoles underlying the nontrivial phases of the one-dimensional nonlinear excitations of rogue waves by extending the Dirac magnetic monopole theory to a complex plane. We find that the density zeros of the nonlinear waves on the extended complex plane constitute the virtual monopole fields with a quantized flux of elementary π. We then explain the exotic properties of rogue waves by means of a virtual monopole collision mechanism and find that the maximum amplitude amplification ratio and multiple phase steps of the high-order rogue waves are closely related to the number of their contained monopoles. These results open a new avenue for studying topological properties of nonlinear waves and provide an alternative way to understand their dynamics.
文摘In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse square potential into the system and analyze the results.Using an analytical approach,we obtain the energy level and study the thermodynamics at finite temperature.Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic variables,except for the specific heat and entropy,are influenced by the topological parameters,the strength of the WYMM,and the inverse square potential.
文摘Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
文摘In a Weyl semimetal(WSM),the conduction and valence bands cross each other near the Fermi energy,and the crossing points,called Weyl points,exhibit a monopole-like distribution of the Berry curvature.The Berry curvature is a fictitious magnetic field in the momentum-space and induces the anomalous velocity to the real-space electron motion.Therefore,Weyl monopoles play essential roles in the charge transport,for example,the anomalous Hall effect(AHE).The anomalous Hall conductivity(AHC)is nearly proportional to the distance between the Weyl point pairs with opposite chirality.The magnetic order and spin structure sensitively modify Weyl point positions and energies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51576097,51976089)the Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China(No.BCXJ24-05)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023L060052001).
文摘Feasible and accurate acoustic modeling of external and internal aircraft environments is essential for designing low-noise multi-propeller aircraft.This work proposes a novel sound source equivalent approach using Lighthill's sound sources(monopole and dipole point sources)for simulating propeller noise.It establishes data transmission interfaces between aerodynamic acoustics and acoustic-solid coupling.Equations are expanded from acoustic pressure to monopole amplitude and dipole moment vector.The basic assumption is that the propeller noise has similar spatial radiation directivity as the sound point source.The radiation relationships are explicitly built between harmonic propeller noise and dipole sources at cabin cross-sections,and between harmonic propeller noise and monopole sources along cabin longitudinal sections.External acoustic pressure distributions of cabin noise are calculated using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)approach.Interior noise is calculated using frequency domain acoustic-solid coupling.Sound source equivalent approach is used to calculate the equivalent intensity of monopole or dipole point sources for external excitation.To assess accuracy of the proposed approach,both external and interior noise of a turboprop aircraft with four sixbladed propellers are calculated and compared against flight trial results of a C-130J-30 Hercules.The turboprop aircraft adopts the same size parameters as the C-130J-30 Hercules.The present frequency domain acoustic approach is accurate for interior cabin noise.It is beneficial for enhancing the design of the low-noise turboprop aircraft.
文摘A thin compact broadband coplanarfed rectangular-ring monopole antenna parasiticallyloaded by three nested concentric rectangle rings and aπ-shaped stub is proposed suitable for modern communication needs.It has an overall area of only 25 mm×6 mm(0.29λ_(0)×0.07λ_(0)at 3.5 GHz),which can be the base radiating element of the MIMO array,being easily integrated into any wireless device.Its measured(simulated)fractional bandwidth is 24.6%(31.6%)ranging from 3.25(3.09)to 4.16(4.25)GHz,being applicable to the 5G N48,N77,and N78 bands.Practical guidelines are also provided to make the proposed design operate on some other additional 5G bands(e.g.,N41 or N46)without compromising its overall size.As far as the radiation properties are concerned,the antenna with such small dimensions radiates nearly bidirectionally and omnidirectionally in the E-and H-plane,respectively,and has an average measured(simulated)peak realized gain of-0.1(1.8)dBi over the band of interest.The proposed antenna is wideband,physically small and relatively easy to manufacture,making it straightforward to integrate with the RF electronics in IoT sensors.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2022NSFSC1833)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023ZYD0023)the Science Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.R21ZYZF0001)。
文摘By regarding the Newton constant GNand cosmological constantΛas variables,in this paper we study the thermodynamics and phase transition of the Reissner-Nordstr o m anti-de Sitter(RN-Ad S)black hole with a global monopole within the framework of Ad S/CFT correspondence.We find interesting critical phenomena and phase behavior in the(grand)canonical ensembles of fixed(Q,V,C),(Φ,V,C)and(Q,V,μ).When the other parameters are fixed,the free energy decreases with the global monopole increases.In the(Q,V,C)ensemble,the range of the unstable region decreases with the increase of the global monopole.In the(Φ,V,C)ensemble,whenΦ<Φc,the free energy appears as two branches,where the upper and lower branches correspond to low and high entropy,respectively.When(Q,V,μ)is fixed,a new zero-order phase transition occurs in the high-entropy phase and the low-entropy phase at certainμ-dependent temperatures.Whenμincreases to a certain value,this zero-order phase transition disappears.This certain value is negatively related to the magnitude of the global monopole.Finally,we find that p-V criticality does not appear with the change of global monopole.Therefore,it is important to note that the CFT states of charged black holes with global monopoles do not correspond to van der Waals fluids.Finally,we find that charged black holes with global monopoles can better reflect thermodynamic phase transitions and critical phenomena under the Ad S/CFT correspondence.By adjusting the change of the global monopole,the thermodynamic phase transition will also change.
文摘It is generally accepted nowadays that the evolution of the universe is well described by the inflationary universe scenario.Inflation occurs during the evolution of the early universe when the ambient temperature drops below the critical grand-unified-theories （GUT）temperature (T<sub>GUT</sub>～10<sup>16</sup> Gev).The universe then be-
文摘Two magnetic monopole models (i.e., model (I, II)) are presented to discuss the energy resources problem based on magnetic monopole catalytic nuclear decay in massive white dwarfs. We find that the luminosities for most of massive white dwarfs increase as the temperature increases. The luminosities of model (II) are agreed well with those of the observations at relativistic high temperature (e.g., T6=1,10), However, the luminosities of the observations can be five orders of magnitude larger than those of model (I).
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2021DJ4002,2022DJ3908)。
文摘Acoustic reflection imaging logging technology can detect and evaluate the development of reflection anomalies,such as fractures,caves and faults,within a range of tens of meters from the wellbore,greatly expanding the application scope of well logging technology.This article reviews the development history of the technology and focuses on introducing key methods,software,and on-site applications of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.Based on the analyses of major challenges faced by existing technologies,and in conjunction with the practical production requirements of oilfields,the further development directions of acoustic reflection imaging logging are proposed.Following the current approach that utilizes the reflection coefficients,derived from the computation of acoustic slowness and density,to perform seismic inversion constrained by well logging,the next frontier is to directly establish the forward and inverse relationships between the downhole measured reflection waves and the surface seismic reflection waves.It is essential to advance research in imaging of fractures within shale reservoirs,the assessment of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness,the study of geosteering while drilling,and the innovation in instruments of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.
