Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to th...Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
利用生物信息学方法,首次在人气管普孢子虫（Trachipleistophora hominis）基因组内鉴定到9个MITEs家族ThME1ThME9,共123个拷贝,MITEs转座子的长度均小于600bp。根据靶位点重复序列（Target site duplication,TSD）的不同,将ThME1归属于...利用生物信息学方法,首次在人气管普孢子虫（Trachipleistophora hominis）基因组内鉴定到9个MITEs家族ThME1ThME9,共123个拷贝,MITEs转座子的长度均小于600bp。根据靶位点重复序列（Target site duplication,TSD）的不同,将ThME1归属于Tc1/Mariner超家族,ThME2和ThME3归属于PIF/Harbinger超家族,ThME5和ThME6归属于CACTA超家族（超家族的名字用正体较好,下同）,其余家族归为新家族。分析发现,人气管普孢子虫中的所有MITEs家族的吉布斯自由能均小于0,表明MITEs家族具有形成二级结构的潜能,有利于该家族在基因组上转座。人气管普孢子虫MITEs家族在基因组的插入时间估计在0-800万年内,而且这种插入在基因组中是随机的,没有位置偏向性,并发现2个MITEs转座子拷贝插入到基因编码区内部。上述结果为进一步研究微孢子虫MITEs转座子的起源以及功能奠定了基础。展开更多
This paper deals with the validation and theoretical analyses of a simple method for calculating the intrinsic rate of increase, rm, of aphids and mites. This method does not require a detailed fecundity table data. T...This paper deals with the validation and theoretical analyses of a simple method for calculating the intrinsic rate of increase, rm, of aphids and mites. This method does not require a detailed fecundity table data. The value of rm can be estimated by the simple equation: rm=0.74ln (Md)/d, where d is the time from birth to first reproduction; Md is the number of female offspring produced per original female in 2d. This method was developed by Wyatt and White. We reached the following conclusions from our study: When the parameter, Md is less than 1, this equation is not appropriate for estimating rm of populations; When the parameter, Md is larger than 1 and about 70% or more of the reproductive contribution to the rm is achieved in 2d, the equation is appropriate for calculatng the rm of aphids and mites.As Md decreases, the required reproductive contribution to the rm in 2d corresponding to the constant 0.74 will increase. However, whether 70% or more of reproductive contribution to rm is achieved in 2d still is a problem for whole taxa of aphids and mites. Therefore, further siudy on reproductive distribution will be required for practical application of this method.展开更多
Objective:To examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratits leaf extract(lemongrass)and ethanolic Azadirachta indica leaf extract(neem)against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae(D.f...Objective:To examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratits leaf extract(lemongrass)and ethanolic Azadirachta indica leaf extract(neem)against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae(D.farinae)and Dermalophagoides pteronyssinus(D.pteronyssinus).Methods:Twenty-five adults mites were placed onto treated filter paper that is soaked with plant extract and been tested at different concentrations(50.00%,25.00%,12.50%,6.25%and 3.13%)and exposure times(24hrs,48hrs,72hrs and 96 hrs).All treatments were replicated 7 times,and the experiment repeated once.The topical and contact activities of the two herbs were investigated.Results:Mortalities from lemongrass extract were higher than neem for both topical and contact activities.At 50%concentration,both 24 hrs topical and contact exposures to lemongrass resulted in more than 91%mortalities for both species of inites.At the same concentration and exposure time,neem resulted in topical mortalities of 40.3%and 15.7%against D.pteronyssinus and D.farinae respectively;contact mortalities were 8.0%and 8.9%against the 2 mites,respectively.There was no difference in topical mortalities of D.pteronyssinus from exposure to concentrations oflemongrass and neem up to 12.50%;lemongrass was more effective than neem at the higher concentrations.Conclusions:Generally,topical mortalities of D.farinae due to lemongrass are higher than that due to neem.Contact mortalities of lemongrass are always higher that neem against both species of mites.展开更多
Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Shaanxi, China are described and illustrated, namely Leipothrix araliae sp. nov. infesting Aralia chinensis Linn.（Araliaceae）, Calepitrimerus akebis sp. nov. infesting Akeb...Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Shaanxi, China are described and illustrated, namely Leipothrix araliae sp. nov. infesting Aralia chinensis Linn.（Araliaceae）, Calepitrimerus akebis sp. nov. infesting Akebia trifoliata （Thunb.） Koidz.（Lardizabalaceae）, Calepitrimerus rhus sp. nov. infesting Rhus chinensis Mill.（Anacardiaceae）, respectively. All the new species described here are vagrants on the undersurfaces of leaves of the respective host plants.展开更多
A new species of Torrenticola(Acari:Hydrachnidia)is reported from China,namely T.(T.)gladiusirostrum Jia,Gu&Guo,sp.nov.And T.(Megapalpis)distans K.O.Viets,1981 is recorded in China for the first time.Both descript...A new species of Torrenticola(Acari:Hydrachnidia)is reported from China,namely T.(T.)gladiusirostrum Jia,Gu&Guo,sp.nov.And T.(Megapalpis)distans K.O.Viets,1981 is recorded in China for the first time.Both descriptions and illustrations of these species are provided.The new species is characteristic by:dorsal plate arrangement 2+1;infracapitular bay U-shaped,deep and wide,V2 almost at same level of Ap;gnathosoma ventral apodeme short and blunt,rostrum flat and sword-shaped;P-2 and P-3 ventral processes smooth and pointed,and P-2 ventral process curved upwards,P-4 with two ventral extensions.展开更多
Three new species,Phyllocoptes angustais sp.nov.infesting Sibiraea angustata(Rehd.)Hand.-Mazz.(Rosaceae),Aculops brevifolis sp.nov.infesting Caragana brevifolia Kom.(Leguminosae),and Diptacus acutifolius sp.nov.infest...Three new species,Phyllocoptes angustais sp.nov.infesting Sibiraea angustata(Rehd.)Hand.-Mazz.(Rosaceae),Aculops brevifolis sp.nov.infesting Caragana brevifolia Kom.(Leguminosae),and Diptacus acutifolius sp.nov.infesting Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz.(Rosaceae),are described and illustrated.All mites are collected from Maixiu National Forest Park,Zeku County,Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,China and are vagrant on the undersurfaces of leaves of their host plants.展开更多
The Qilian Mountain National Park,which covers a total area of 50,200 km2 and locates at the junction area of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces,is an important ecological safety barrier of Northwestern China and an importan...The Qilian Mountain National Park,which covers a total area of 50,200 km2 and locates at the junction area of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces,is an important ecological safety barrier of Northwestern China and an important water source of the Yellow River.In July 2020,a survey was conducted for eriophyid mites of Qilian Mountain National Park.Some eriophyid mites living bodies were collected by the prior author.Two news species were identified,namely:Epitrimerus fruticus sp.nov.,infesting Potentilla fruticosa L.(Rosaceae);Rhyncaphytoptus sigouensis sp.nov.,infesting Salix myrtillacea Anderss(Salicaceae).展开更多
Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial techn...Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial technology with the appropriate equipment. The main purpose of the research was to improve the technical and economic performance of equipment in the production of entomophagous insects and their hosts by optimizing equipment design and technocenosis management techniques. In laboratory experiments with using the planning of multifactor experiments, the parameters of cages for breeding were determined optimally. On this basis, sets of equipment for the trichogram, brakon, lacewort and phytoseulatus have been developed. The specific productivity of new equipment provides the necessary profitability of production.展开更多
Palynological investigation of the Denwa Formation exposed along Denwa river succession at Saptadara picnic point near village Jhirpa, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh, has revealed the presence of spore-pollen, fungal r...Palynological investigation of the Denwa Formation exposed along Denwa river succession at Saptadara picnic point near village Jhirpa, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh, has revealed the presence of spore-pollen, fungal remains and Oribatid mites. Here, the mites are on record for the first time. Presence of fungal remains strongly depicts the prevalence of a very humid climate with high temperature and rainfall in the region. Poor occurrence of spore-pollen restricts the age determination of the studied section;hence, its age assessment is relative. Thus, an over-view of spore-pollen along with dinocysts and insects reported earlier from the subsurface strata comprising Denwa Formation, from other two localities in the nearby area of village Anhoni, is dealt herein, and that had inferred an age—range from Carnian to Rhaetic for the palynoflora and fauna.展开更多
Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, Arrenurus 71.9%, Limnochares 3.1%, and Hydrachn...Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, Arrenurus 71.9%, Limnochares 3.1%, and Hydrachna 25.0%, were collected from female mosquitoes in two rural locations near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Dipterous species parasitized by water mites belonging to seven species: Anopheles (Nys.) darling, An. evansae, Aedes (Och.) scapularis, Ae. serratus, Mansonia (Man.) wilsoni, Psorophora (Jan.) ferox, Ps. varipes. The most common specimens to accommodate the water mites were Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi and Psorophora (Jan.) varipes. The prevalence of parasitism of mosquitoes by water mites found in this study was less than 5. However, few studies have addressed the ecological role of mites and their biotopes, as well as host-parasite interactions in Brazil.展开更多
Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, <i>Arrenurus</i> 71.9%, <i>Li...Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, <i>Arrenurus</i> 71.9%, <i>Limnochares</i> 3.1%, and <i>Hydrachna</i> 25.0%, were collected from female mosquitoes in two rural locations near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Dipterous species parasitized by water mites belonging to seven species: <i>Anopheles</i> (<i>Nys.</i>)<em> darling</em>, <i>An. evansae, Aedes</i> (<i>Och.</i>) <em>scapularis, Ae. serratus</em><em>, Mansonia</em> (<em>Man</em>.) <em>wilsoni, Psorophora</em> (<em>Jan.</em>) <em>ferox, Ps.</em><em> varipes</em>. The most common specimens to accommodate the water mites were <i>Anopheles </i>(<i>Nys.</i>) <em>darlingi</em> and <em>Psorophora</em> (<i>Jan.</i>) <em>varipes</em>. The prevalence of parasitism of mosquitoes by water mites found in this study was less than 5. However, few studies have addressed the ecological role of mites and their biotopes, as well as host-parasite interactions in Brazil.展开更多
文摘Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
文摘利用生物信息学方法,首次在人气管普孢子虫（Trachipleistophora hominis）基因组内鉴定到9个MITEs家族ThME1ThME9,共123个拷贝,MITEs转座子的长度均小于600bp。根据靶位点重复序列（Target site duplication,TSD）的不同,将ThME1归属于Tc1/Mariner超家族,ThME2和ThME3归属于PIF/Harbinger超家族,ThME5和ThME6归属于CACTA超家族（超家族的名字用正体较好,下同）,其余家族归为新家族。分析发现,人气管普孢子虫中的所有MITEs家族的吉布斯自由能均小于0,表明MITEs家族具有形成二级结构的潜能,有利于该家族在基因组上转座。人气管普孢子虫MITEs家族在基因组的插入时间估计在0-800万年内,而且这种插入在基因组中是随机的,没有位置偏向性,并发现2个MITEs转座子拷贝插入到基因编码区内部。上述结果为进一步研究微孢子虫MITEs转座子的起源以及功能奠定了基础。
文摘This paper deals with the validation and theoretical analyses of a simple method for calculating the intrinsic rate of increase, rm, of aphids and mites. This method does not require a detailed fecundity table data. The value of rm can be estimated by the simple equation: rm=0.74ln (Md)/d, where d is the time from birth to first reproduction; Md is the number of female offspring produced per original female in 2d. This method was developed by Wyatt and White. We reached the following conclusions from our study: When the parameter, Md is less than 1, this equation is not appropriate for estimating rm of populations; When the parameter, Md is larger than 1 and about 70% or more of the reproductive contribution to the rm is achieved in 2d, the equation is appropriate for calculatng the rm of aphids and mites.As Md decreases, the required reproductive contribution to the rm in 2d corresponding to the constant 0.74 will increase. However, whether 70% or more of reproductive contribution to rm is achieved in 2d still is a problem for whole taxa of aphids and mites. Therefore, further siudy on reproductive distribution will be required for practical application of this method.
文摘Objective:To examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratits leaf extract(lemongrass)and ethanolic Azadirachta indica leaf extract(neem)against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae(D.farinae)and Dermalophagoides pteronyssinus(D.pteronyssinus).Methods:Twenty-five adults mites were placed onto treated filter paper that is soaked with plant extract and been tested at different concentrations(50.00%,25.00%,12.50%,6.25%and 3.13%)and exposure times(24hrs,48hrs,72hrs and 96 hrs).All treatments were replicated 7 times,and the experiment repeated once.The topical and contact activities of the two herbs were investigated.Results:Mortalities from lemongrass extract were higher than neem for both topical and contact activities.At 50%concentration,both 24 hrs topical and contact exposures to lemongrass resulted in more than 91%mortalities for both species of inites.At the same concentration and exposure time,neem resulted in topical mortalities of 40.3%and 15.7%against D.pteronyssinus and D.farinae respectively;contact mortalities were 8.0%and 8.9%against the 2 mites,respectively.There was no difference in topical mortalities of D.pteronyssinus from exposure to concentrations oflemongrass and neem up to 12.50%;lemongrass was more effective than neem at the higher concentrations.Conclusions:Generally,topical mortalities of D.farinae due to lemongrass are higher than that due to neem.Contact mortalities of lemongrass are always higher that neem against both species of mites.
基金supported by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government Foundation(12JK0844)Ankang University Foundation(AYQDZR201213)
文摘Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Shaanxi, China are described and illustrated, namely Leipothrix araliae sp. nov. infesting Aralia chinensis Linn.（Araliaceae）, Calepitrimerus akebis sp. nov. infesting Akebia trifoliata （Thunb.） Koidz.（Lardizabalaceae）, Calepitrimerus rhus sp. nov. infesting Rhus chinensis Mill.（Anacardiaceae）, respectively. All the new species described here are vagrants on the undersurfaces of leaves of the respective host plants.
基金supported by SRT program of Guizhou University((2019)337)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772421)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Qiankehe Pingtai Rencai-GCC[2022]029-1)。
文摘A new species of Torrenticola(Acari:Hydrachnidia)is reported from China,namely T.(T.)gladiusirostrum Jia,Gu&Guo,sp.nov.And T.(Megapalpis)distans K.O.Viets,1981 is recorded in China for the first time.Both descriptions and illustrations of these species are provided.The new species is characteristic by:dorsal plate arrangement 2+1;infracapitular bay U-shaped,deep and wide,V2 almost at same level of Ap;gnathosoma ventral apodeme short and blunt,rostrum flat and sword-shaped;P-2 and P-3 ventral processes smooth and pointed,and P-2 ventral process curved upwards,P-4 with two ventral extensions.
基金This work is supported by Biodiversity Background Survey in Maixiu National Forest Park,Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,China.
文摘Three new species,Phyllocoptes angustais sp.nov.infesting Sibiraea angustata(Rehd.)Hand.-Mazz.(Rosaceae),Aculops brevifolis sp.nov.infesting Caragana brevifolia Kom.(Leguminosae),and Diptacus acutifolius sp.nov.infesting Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz.(Rosaceae),are described and illustrated.All mites are collected from Maixiu National Forest Park,Zeku County,Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,China and are vagrant on the undersurfaces of leaves of their host plants.
基金supported by a special project funding for insect survey from the Qinghai Provincial Administration of Qilian Mountain National Park(In 2019the Second Batch of Forestry Reform and Development Funds subsidies for National Nature Reserves:Qilian Mountain National Park Capacity Construction Project 2019-061).
文摘The Qilian Mountain National Park,which covers a total area of 50,200 km2 and locates at the junction area of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces,is an important ecological safety barrier of Northwestern China and an important water source of the Yellow River.In July 2020,a survey was conducted for eriophyid mites of Qilian Mountain National Park.Some eriophyid mites living bodies were collected by the prior author.Two news species were identified,namely:Epitrimerus fruticus sp.nov.,infesting Potentilla fruticosa L.(Rosaceae);Rhyncaphytoptus sigouensis sp.nov.,infesting Salix myrtillacea Anderss(Salicaceae).
文摘Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial technology with the appropriate equipment. The main purpose of the research was to improve the technical and economic performance of equipment in the production of entomophagous insects and their hosts by optimizing equipment design and technocenosis management techniques. In laboratory experiments with using the planning of multifactor experiments, the parameters of cages for breeding were determined optimally. On this basis, sets of equipment for the trichogram, brakon, lacewort and phytoseulatus have been developed. The specific productivity of new equipment provides the necessary profitability of production.
文摘Palynological investigation of the Denwa Formation exposed along Denwa river succession at Saptadara picnic point near village Jhirpa, Satpura Basin, Madhya Pradesh, has revealed the presence of spore-pollen, fungal remains and Oribatid mites. Here, the mites are on record for the first time. Presence of fungal remains strongly depicts the prevalence of a very humid climate with high temperature and rainfall in the region. Poor occurrence of spore-pollen restricts the age determination of the studied section;hence, its age assessment is relative. Thus, an over-view of spore-pollen along with dinocysts and insects reported earlier from the subsurface strata comprising Denwa Formation, from other two localities in the nearby area of village Anhoni, is dealt herein, and that had inferred an age—range from Carnian to Rhaetic for the palynoflora and fauna.
文摘Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, Arrenurus 71.9%, Limnochares 3.1%, and Hydrachna 25.0%, were collected from female mosquitoes in two rural locations near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Dipterous species parasitized by water mites belonging to seven species: Anopheles (Nys.) darling, An. evansae, Aedes (Och.) scapularis, Ae. serratus, Mansonia (Man.) wilsoni, Psorophora (Jan.) ferox, Ps. varipes. The most common specimens to accommodate the water mites were Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi and Psorophora (Jan.) varipes. The prevalence of parasitism of mosquitoes by water mites found in this study was less than 5. However, few studies have addressed the ecological role of mites and their biotopes, as well as host-parasite interactions in Brazil.
文摘Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are common external parasites of the medically important mosquitoes (Culicidae). Between April 2014 and April 2015, 64 mites from three genus, <i>Arrenurus</i> 71.9%, <i>Limnochares</i> 3.1%, and <i>Hydrachna</i> 25.0%, were collected from female mosquitoes in two rural locations near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Dipterous species parasitized by water mites belonging to seven species: <i>Anopheles</i> (<i>Nys.</i>)<em> darling</em>, <i>An. evansae, Aedes</i> (<i>Och.</i>) <em>scapularis, Ae. serratus</em><em>, Mansonia</em> (<em>Man</em>.) <em>wilsoni, Psorophora</em> (<em>Jan.</em>) <em>ferox, Ps.</em><em> varipes</em>. The most common specimens to accommodate the water mites were <i>Anopheles </i>(<i>Nys.</i>) <em>darlingi</em> and <em>Psorophora</em> (<i>Jan.</i>) <em>varipes</em>. The prevalence of parasitism of mosquitoes by water mites found in this study was less than 5. However, few studies have addressed the ecological role of mites and their biotopes, as well as host-parasite interactions in Brazil.
