New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-...New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-assisted multiuser(MU) multiple input-multiple output(MIMO) double quadrature spatial modulation(DQSM) downlink transmission system is presented.In the transmitter,the proposed N-RIS-MU-MIMO-DQSM system uses a modified block diagonalization technique and a genetic algorithm(GA) to jointly design the precoding signals required at the base station(BS) and the optimal phase changes required at multiple RISs.A reduced detection complexity and improved bit error rate(BER) performance are achieved by incorporating spatial modulation.The proposed system is compared under the same conditions and parameters with two reference systems,considering blind and optimized RISs approaches over correlated Rayleigh fading channels.Results show that compared with a similar system that does not use RISs,the proposed system has up to30 dB gain in BER performance.Compared with a similar system based on conventional quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed system has gains of up to 2-3 dB in BER performance and up to 55.8% lower detection complexity for the analyzed cases.展开更多
Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is a promising technology for the next generation wireless communication networks.The benefits of this technology can be further enhanced through deployment in conjunction with mult...Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is a promising technology for the next generation wireless communication networks.The benefits of this technology can be further enhanced through deployment in conjunction with multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)systems.Antenna selection plays a critical role in MIMO–NOMA systems as it has the potential to significantly reduce the cost and complexity associated with radio frequency chains.This paper considers antenna selection for downlink MIMO–NOMA networks with multiple-antenna basestation(BS)and multiple-antenna user equipments(UEs).An iterative antenna selection scheme is developed for a two-user system,and to determine the initial power required for this selection scheme,a power estimation method is also proposed.The proposed algorithm is then extended to a general multiuser NOMA system.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed antenna selection algorithm achieves near-optimal performance with much lower computational complexity in both two-user and multiuser scenarios.展开更多
Integrated Sensing And Communication(ISAC)is regarded as a promising technology for facilitating the rapid advancement of Sixth-Generation(6G)due to its concurrent transmission of information and environmental sensing...Integrated Sensing And Communication(ISAC)is regarded as a promising technology for facilitating the rapid advancement of Sixth-Generation(6G)due to its concurrent transmission of information and environmental sensing capabilities.Rate-Splitting Multiple Access(RSMA),through the utilization of Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC)and Rate-Splitting(RS)at the transceiver,can fulfill the sensing requirement and supersede individual radar sequence to mitigate the interference between communication and sensing.This paper investigates the transceiver design of the RSMA-assisted ISAC in a Network-Assisted Full-Duplex(NAFD)cell-free Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(mMIMO)system.We first derive the expressions of the communication achievable data rate and radar sensing Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR).Subsequently,an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the communication achievable data rate,subject to both radar sensing constraints and fronthaul constraints,an effective algorithm based on sparse beamforming scheme and Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR)is then proposed to acquire the near-optimal transceiver.Numerical results demonstrate that the application of RSMA technology in ISAC systems can significantly enhance system performance,and reveal that Dual-Functionalities Radar-Communication(DFRC)scheme can achieve higher data rate than the traditional scheme.展开更多
Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory v...Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.展开更多
BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning ofte...BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.展开更多
受恶劣电磁环境和元器件老化等因素影响,多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达的天线阵元发生故障的概率增加,而阵元故障会严重降低目标波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能。现有的大多数基于深度学习的DOA...受恶劣电磁环境和元器件老化等因素影响,多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达的天线阵元发生故障的概率增加,而阵元故障会严重降低目标波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能。现有的大多数基于深度学习的DOA估计方法未能充分利用阵列模型的先验信息,导致其建立的映射关系极为复杂,从而使得网络拟合难度较大。为此,提出一种基于先验驱动残差注意力网络的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,利用MIMO雷达协方差矩阵的双重Toeplitz先验特性,构建了基于先验驱动的残差注意力网络,并引入残差注意力块对协方差矩阵的特征进行加权处理,旨在学习阵元故障下存在数据缺失的协方差矩阵和完整协方差矩阵生成向量之间的映射关系。然后,根据残差注意力网络输出的生成向量估计值得到完整的协方差矩阵。最后,利用RD-ESPRIT(Reduced Dimension ESPRIT)算法估计目标DOA。仿真结果表明,所提算法在阵元故障下的DOA估计性能优于现有算法,在信噪比为15 dB时,其DOA估计精度比效果最好的现有算法提高了43.26%。展开更多
针对多输入多输出正交时频空间(multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time frequency space,MIMO-OTFS)系统由最大时延、多普勒扩展、天线数量增加带来信道估计计算开销大、准确率下降的问题,提出了一种基于感知辅助和原子选择...针对多输入多输出正交时频空间(multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time frequency space,MIMO-OTFS)系统由最大时延、多普勒扩展、天线数量增加带来信道估计计算开销大、准确率下降的问题,提出了一种基于感知辅助和原子选择门限的广义正交匹配追踪(sensing aided generalized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm based on atomic threshold,SA-TGOMP)信道估计算法。该算法首先将雷达探测的用户和周围环境信息转化为OTFS信道的初始索引集,然后引入以固定值选取相关性原子进行迭代的策略和原子选择门限进行支撑集更新。实验结果表明,本文算法能够有效提高信道估计精度的同时减少导频开销。展开更多
通过压缩信道状态信息(Channel Status Information,CSI)传输码字降低大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统的CSI反馈开销,可以有效减少计算资源的使用和信息传输时间的消耗。针对如何使用轻量化模型准确估计...通过压缩信道状态信息(Channel Status Information,CSI)传输码字降低大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统的CSI反馈开销,可以有效减少计算资源的使用和信息传输时间的消耗。针对如何使用轻量化模型准确估计低压缩比条件下CSI反馈的问题,通过设计的轻量化迭代交叉网络(Iterative Cross Network,ICNet)模型,在用户端使用设计的迭代压缩模块压缩CSI反馈,基站端使用设计的迭代重建模块估计CSI反馈,以较高的准确率和较低的时间消耗估计了低压缩比条件下的CSI反馈。在COST2100模型生成的数据样本下评估了ICNet在低压缩比条件下的鲁棒性,实验表明,在较小的1/64压缩比条件下,ICNet的归一化均方误差比次优值降低了8.48%,ICNet的参数量降低了35%左右。展开更多
为解决在双可重构智能超表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)系统中获取高维信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)的挑战,提出了一种基于混合张量分解的多链路联合信道估计算法。首先,通过设计导频传输机制,将单反射...为解决在双可重构智能超表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)系统中获取高维信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)的挑战,提出了一种基于混合张量分解的多链路联合信道估计算法。首先,通过设计导频传输机制,将单反射链路和双反射链路的接收信号分别建模为平行因子模型和平行因子塔克(Tucker)张量模型,将信道估计问题转化为混合张量因子矩阵的拟合问题。然后,考虑到多条链路之间共享的CSI,采用一种基于交替最小二乘迭代算法来分解混合张量,以有效估计出因子矩阵。最后,通过对该混合张量进行唯一性分析,与传统的Khatri-Rao分解方法相比,所提方法具备更为灵活的参数设计特点。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够在训练块数小于RIS单元数的情况下有效估计反射链路CSI。展开更多
文摘New communication systems require high spectral and energy efficiencies to meet the growing demand for services in future networks.In this paper,an efficient multiple parallel reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-assisted multiuser(MU) multiple input-multiple output(MIMO) double quadrature spatial modulation(DQSM) downlink transmission system is presented.In the transmitter,the proposed N-RIS-MU-MIMO-DQSM system uses a modified block diagonalization technique and a genetic algorithm(GA) to jointly design the precoding signals required at the base station(BS) and the optimal phase changes required at multiple RISs.A reduced detection complexity and improved bit error rate(BER) performance are achieved by incorporating spatial modulation.The proposed system is compared under the same conditions and parameters with two reference systems,considering blind and optimized RISs approaches over correlated Rayleigh fading channels.Results show that compared with a similar system that does not use RISs,the proposed system has up to30 dB gain in BER performance.Compared with a similar system based on conventional quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed system has gains of up to 2-3 dB in BER performance and up to 55.8% lower detection complexity for the analyzed cases.
文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is a promising technology for the next generation wireless communication networks.The benefits of this technology can be further enhanced through deployment in conjunction with multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)systems.Antenna selection plays a critical role in MIMO–NOMA systems as it has the potential to significantly reduce the cost and complexity associated with radio frequency chains.This paper considers antenna selection for downlink MIMO–NOMA networks with multiple-antenna basestation(BS)and multiple-antenna user equipments(UEs).An iterative antenna selection scheme is developed for a two-user system,and to determine the initial power required for this selection scheme,a power estimation method is also proposed.The proposed algorithm is then extended to a general multiuser NOMA system.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed antenna selection algorithm achieves near-optimal performance with much lower computational complexity in both two-user and multiuser scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171126.
文摘Integrated Sensing And Communication(ISAC)is regarded as a promising technology for facilitating the rapid advancement of Sixth-Generation(6G)due to its concurrent transmission of information and environmental sensing capabilities.Rate-Splitting Multiple Access(RSMA),through the utilization of Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC)and Rate-Splitting(RS)at the transceiver,can fulfill the sensing requirement and supersede individual radar sequence to mitigate the interference between communication and sensing.This paper investigates the transceiver design of the RSMA-assisted ISAC in a Network-Assisted Full-Duplex(NAFD)cell-free Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(mMIMO)system.We first derive the expressions of the communication achievable data rate and radar sensing Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR).Subsequently,an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the communication achievable data rate,subject to both radar sensing constraints and fronthaul constraints,an effective algorithm based on sparse beamforming scheme and Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR)is then proposed to acquire the near-optimal transceiver.Numerical results demonstrate that the application of RSMA technology in ISAC systems can significantly enhance system performance,and reveal that Dual-Functionalities Radar-Communication(DFRC)scheme can achieve higher data rate than the traditional scheme.
文摘Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.
基金Supported by Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),No.2023MSXM060.
文摘BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.
文摘双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达阵元故障会导致三阶观测张量中出现缺失切片数据,严重影响目标角度估计性能。为此,提出一种基于原子范数的阵元故障MIMO雷达差分共阵角度估计方法。首先,对MIMO雷达三阶观测张量进行PARAFAC分解得到收发阵列的不完整因子矩阵;然后,利用收发阵列的因子矩阵分别获得发射和接收差分共阵的导向矩阵,并利用差分共阵的冗余度对故障阵元缺失数据进行填充,从而得到等效虚拟收发阵列的虚拟因子矩阵;最后,为了填补等效虚拟阵列中的空洞,分别对等效虚拟收发阵列的虚拟因子矩阵建立原子范数约束下的低秩矩阵重构模型,并将其表述为半正定规划(Semi-definite Programming, SDP)问题,利用交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers, ADMM)求解该矩阵重构模型。仿真结果表明,所提方法可以有效重构出不完整因子矩阵中的缺失数据,从而改善MIMO雷达阵元故障下的角度估计性能。
文摘针对多输入多输出正交时频空间(multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time frequency space,MIMO-OTFS)系统由最大时延、多普勒扩展、天线数量增加带来信道估计计算开销大、准确率下降的问题,提出了一种基于感知辅助和原子选择门限的广义正交匹配追踪(sensing aided generalized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm based on atomic threshold,SA-TGOMP)信道估计算法。该算法首先将雷达探测的用户和周围环境信息转化为OTFS信道的初始索引集,然后引入以固定值选取相关性原子进行迭代的策略和原子选择门限进行支撑集更新。实验结果表明,本文算法能够有效提高信道估计精度的同时减少导频开销。
文摘为解决在双可重构智能超表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)系统中获取高维信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)的挑战,提出了一种基于混合张量分解的多链路联合信道估计算法。首先,通过设计导频传输机制,将单反射链路和双反射链路的接收信号分别建模为平行因子模型和平行因子塔克(Tucker)张量模型,将信道估计问题转化为混合张量因子矩阵的拟合问题。然后,考虑到多条链路之间共享的CSI,采用一种基于交替最小二乘迭代算法来分解混合张量,以有效估计出因子矩阵。最后,通过对该混合张量进行唯一性分析,与传统的Khatri-Rao分解方法相比,所提方法具备更为灵活的参数设计特点。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够在训练块数小于RIS单元数的情况下有效估计反射链路CSI。
