在医疗电子信息化进程不断推进的背景下,麻省理工学院联合贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心共同开发了重症监护医疗信息(Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care,MIMIC)数据库,旨在整合重症监护病房临床数据,促进医疗研究与跨学科合作。M...在医疗电子信息化进程不断推进的背景下,麻省理工学院联合贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心共同开发了重症监护医疗信息(Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care,MIMIC)数据库,旨在整合重症监护病房临床数据,促进医疗研究与跨学科合作。MIMIC数据库已历经多个版本迭代,各版本在数据量、时间范围、来源等方面持续优化,其包含多种数据结构和类型,支持基础统计、统计推断、机器学习及多模态整合等多样化分析方法。MIMIC数据库具备真实可靠的数据来源和丰富完整的内容,但仍存在数据缺失、时间精度不一致、系统变更兼容性及潜在偏倚等问题,需谨慎对待。其全球影响力体现在医学研究、医疗改进、国际合作、信息化发展及重症医学进步等多方面。未来,数据隐私保护和质量控制仍是MIMIC数据库重要的发展方向。本文通过梳理MIMIC数据库的发展历程与版本迭代,分析其数据质量和潜在偏倚,探讨其全球影响力,为科研人员快速了解MIMIC数据库提供参考。展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical conversion of renewable energy sources into useful chemicals and fuels is of paramount importance for future sustainable technologies.Renewable energy conversion req...CONSPECTUS:Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical conversion of renewable energy sources into useful chemicals and fuels is of paramount importance for future sustainable technologies.Renewable energy conversion requires catalysts for multielectron redox reactions such as water oxidation and reduction(toward water splitting systems).Developing efficient catalysts for multielectron redox reactions is a great challenge in current science and technology.Metal oxides have been extensively researched to be applied to a large variety of photonic and electronic devices due to the wide range of electronic properties of conducting,semiconducting,and insulating and diverse catalytic properties at their surface depending on the exposing facet,as well as physical and chemical robustness under ambient conditions.We aspire to the development of an easy technique available for large-scale production of metal oxide films based on simple casting and calcination to adopt a strategy for controlling the formation and growth of metal oxide films by ligands to metal centers in precursors.We have developed an easy preparation technique of mono-and multimetallic oxide films,termed the“mixed metal-imidazole casting(MiMIC)method”,by which metal oxide films are generated tightly on various electrode substrates by casting precursor solutions or suspensions containing component metal salts in a mixed solvent of methanol/imidazole derivative as a ligand,followed by calcination.The general versatility of the MiMIC method encourages us to hunt new metal oxide films as efficient catalysts for the multielectron redox reactions,because the rigid adherability of films formed on a current collector electrode is necessary for essential evaluation of the catalytic performance of the metal oxide films.In this Account,we expound synthesis and characterization of a variety of mono-and multimetallic oxide films using the MiMIC method and its application to electro-and photoelectrocatalysis for water splitting and oxygen reduction,which are important key reactions in future sustainable technology.The adherability of these films onto the electrode surface is prominent although their morphology,crystallinity,and nanostructures depend on the metal oxide materials,which is one of the important factors to induce high performance of the metal oxide films for electro-and photoelectrocatalysis.Imidazole derivatives were found to act as a source of nitrogen for the N-doping to a metal oxide lattice,and a structure-directing agent for the anisotropic crystallization,as well as a binder among constituting nanoparticles to lead to the rigid adherability of films on the substrate.These findings surely expand material development to a great extent,by not only changing the metal compositions but also being based on band engineering due to doping of representative elements and crystal facet control of metal oxide films.展开更多
文摘在医疗电子信息化进程不断推进的背景下,麻省理工学院联合贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心共同开发了重症监护医疗信息(Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care,MIMIC)数据库,旨在整合重症监护病房临床数据,促进医疗研究与跨学科合作。MIMIC数据库已历经多个版本迭代,各版本在数据量、时间范围、来源等方面持续优化,其包含多种数据结构和类型,支持基础统计、统计推断、机器学习及多模态整合等多样化分析方法。MIMIC数据库具备真实可靠的数据来源和丰富完整的内容,但仍存在数据缺失、时间精度不一致、系统变更兼容性及潜在偏倚等问题,需谨慎对待。其全球影响力体现在医学研究、医疗改进、国际合作、信息化发展及重症医学进步等多方面。未来,数据隐私保护和质量控制仍是MIMIC数据库重要的发展方向。本文通过梳理MIMIC数据库的发展历程与版本迭代,分析其数据质量和潜在偏倚,探讨其全球影响力,为科研人员快速了解MIMIC数据库提供参考。
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21H02042,JP22K18309,and JP22K14762.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical conversion of renewable energy sources into useful chemicals and fuels is of paramount importance for future sustainable technologies.Renewable energy conversion requires catalysts for multielectron redox reactions such as water oxidation and reduction(toward water splitting systems).Developing efficient catalysts for multielectron redox reactions is a great challenge in current science and technology.Metal oxides have been extensively researched to be applied to a large variety of photonic and electronic devices due to the wide range of electronic properties of conducting,semiconducting,and insulating and diverse catalytic properties at their surface depending on the exposing facet,as well as physical and chemical robustness under ambient conditions.We aspire to the development of an easy technique available for large-scale production of metal oxide films based on simple casting and calcination to adopt a strategy for controlling the formation and growth of metal oxide films by ligands to metal centers in precursors.We have developed an easy preparation technique of mono-and multimetallic oxide films,termed the“mixed metal-imidazole casting(MiMIC)method”,by which metal oxide films are generated tightly on various electrode substrates by casting precursor solutions or suspensions containing component metal salts in a mixed solvent of methanol/imidazole derivative as a ligand,followed by calcination.The general versatility of the MiMIC method encourages us to hunt new metal oxide films as efficient catalysts for the multielectron redox reactions,because the rigid adherability of films formed on a current collector electrode is necessary for essential evaluation of the catalytic performance of the metal oxide films.In this Account,we expound synthesis and characterization of a variety of mono-and multimetallic oxide films using the MiMIC method and its application to electro-and photoelectrocatalysis for water splitting and oxygen reduction,which are important key reactions in future sustainable technology.The adherability of these films onto the electrode surface is prominent although their morphology,crystallinity,and nanostructures depend on the metal oxide materials,which is one of the important factors to induce high performance of the metal oxide films for electro-and photoelectrocatalysis.Imidazole derivatives were found to act as a source of nitrogen for the N-doping to a metal oxide lattice,and a structure-directing agent for the anisotropic crystallization,as well as a binder among constituting nanoparticles to lead to the rigid adherability of films on the substrate.These findings surely expand material development to a great extent,by not only changing the metal compositions but also being based on band engineering due to doping of representative elements and crystal facet control of metal oxide films.
