The properties of aerosols present in the atmosphere are often influenced by the environment in which they are being disbursed. Subsequently, the variation in the environmental conditions may severely affect the aeros...The properties of aerosols present in the atmosphere are often influenced by the environment in which they are being disbursed. Subsequently, the variation in the environmental conditions may severely affect the aerosol size and distribution. Thus it is quite exciting to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of AOD that are being affected by the significant changes in the environment to a large extent. This paper presents preliminary observations of diurnal variation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over two distinct locations in Kannur, India. The AOD over a location which has strong marine influence shows the presence of coarse particles while that on a valley of Western Ghats reveals the combined influences of both land and the ocean. The correlation between AOD measured from the ground and that retrieved from MODIS is fairly good. The AODs retrieved from ground based observation is validated with that estimated from MODIS in the context of meteorological parameters observed during the period of this observation.展开更多
This study compares the aerosol optical depth (AOD) Level 2 Collection 5 products from the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) with ground-based measurements from a Microtops II sun p...This study compares the aerosol optical depth (AOD) Level 2 Collection 5 products from the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) with ground-based measurements from a Microtops II sun photometer over Sanya (18.23°N,109.52°E),a tropical coastal site in China,from July 2005 to June 2006.The results indicate that the Terra and Aqua MODIS AOD retrievals at 550 nm have good correlations with the measurements from the Microtops II sun photometer.The correlation coefficients for the linear regression fits (R2) are 0.83 for Terra and 0.78 for Aqua,and the regressed intercepts are near zero (0.005 for Terra,0.009 for Aqua).However,the Terra and Aqua MODIS are found to consistently underestimate AOD with respect to the Microtops II sun photometer,with slope values of 0.805 (Terra) and 0.767 (Aqua).The comparison of the monthly mean AOD indicates that for each month,the Terra and Aqua MODIS retrievals are matched with corresponding Microtops measurements but are systematically less than those of the Microtops.This validation study indicates that the Terra and Aqua MODIS AOD retrievals can adequately characterize the AOD distributions over the tropical coastal region of China,but further efforts to eliminate systematic errors are needed.展开更多
Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus crea...Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus creating fascinating connections between different historical and musical contexts.This paper will analyse and show the correlation between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s setting of songs Orpheus Britannicus and the input in the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61.The harmonious language of the songs and different thematic motives and their relationship will be considered.It will demonstrate that Britten’s songs were very much shaped by thematic structure,intervals like could be found in Purcell’s vocal music and they show the parallels between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s songs and the input in the original Britten’s vocal music.The article presents the results of the analysis of a song cycle using the method of musical analysis of Rudolph Réti based on his understanding of a“thematic process”in music.The paper will use the case of Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61(1958)to explain how this cycle is structured.The song cycle will be analysed from the perspective of cyclicity based on Réti’s theory of microtopicality explaining an organic cohesion between architectonics of composition and the parts of a vocalist and a pianist.It is argued that the cyclicity in the song cycle is created through the cross-links between the textual and musical dramaturgic lines and could be sayed about the realizations of Purcell’s Six Songs from Orpheus Britannicus(1943-45).First,the structure of the thematic motives(prime cells)in the setting of Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus Six Songs will be analysed and the deep connection in cyclicity will be considered.Second,the thematic motives(prime cells)in the realizations that are cross-linked with the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61 will be uncovered.Third,the correlation between the scheme of tonality and the other linkages of the setting of realizations and the vocal cycle will be considered.展开更多
文摘The properties of aerosols present in the atmosphere are often influenced by the environment in which they are being disbursed. Subsequently, the variation in the environmental conditions may severely affect the aerosol size and distribution. Thus it is quite exciting to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of AOD that are being affected by the significant changes in the environment to a large extent. This paper presents preliminary observations of diurnal variation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over two distinct locations in Kannur, India. The AOD over a location which has strong marine influence shows the presence of coarse particles while that on a valley of Western Ghats reveals the combined influences of both land and the ocean. The correlation between AOD measured from the ground and that retrieved from MODIS is fairly good. The AODs retrieved from ground based observation is validated with that estimated from MODIS in the context of meteorological parameters observed during the period of this observation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB 403702)
文摘This study compares the aerosol optical depth (AOD) Level 2 Collection 5 products from the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) with ground-based measurements from a Microtops II sun photometer over Sanya (18.23°N,109.52°E),a tropical coastal site in China,from July 2005 to June 2006.The results indicate that the Terra and Aqua MODIS AOD retrievals at 550 nm have good correlations with the measurements from the Microtops II sun photometer.The correlation coefficients for the linear regression fits (R2) are 0.83 for Terra and 0.78 for Aqua,and the regressed intercepts are near zero (0.005 for Terra,0.009 for Aqua).However,the Terra and Aqua MODIS are found to consistently underestimate AOD with respect to the Microtops II sun photometer,with slope values of 0.805 (Terra) and 0.767 (Aqua).The comparison of the monthly mean AOD indicates that for each month,the Terra and Aqua MODIS retrievals are matched with corresponding Microtops measurements but are systematically less than those of the Microtops.This validation study indicates that the Terra and Aqua MODIS AOD retrievals can adequately characterize the AOD distributions over the tropical coastal region of China,but further efforts to eliminate systematic errors are needed.
文摘Henry Purcell(1659-1695)and Benjamin Britten(1913-1976)are the main figures in English musical culture.Britten was particularly inspired by Purcell’s illustrative approach to putting together music and text,thus creating fascinating connections between different historical and musical contexts.This paper will analyse and show the correlation between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s setting of songs Orpheus Britannicus and the input in the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61.The harmonious language of the songs and different thematic motives and their relationship will be considered.It will demonstrate that Britten’s songs were very much shaped by thematic structure,intervals like could be found in Purcell’s vocal music and they show the parallels between Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s songs and the input in the original Britten’s vocal music.The article presents the results of the analysis of a song cycle using the method of musical analysis of Rudolph Réti based on his understanding of a“thematic process”in music.The paper will use the case of Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61(1958)to explain how this cycle is structured.The song cycle will be analysed from the perspective of cyclicity based on Réti’s theory of microtopicality explaining an organic cohesion between architectonics of composition and the parts of a vocalist and a pianist.It is argued that the cyclicity in the song cycle is created through the cross-links between the textual and musical dramaturgic lines and could be sayed about the realizations of Purcell’s Six Songs from Orpheus Britannicus(1943-45).First,the structure of the thematic motives(prime cells)in the setting of Britten’s realizations of Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus Six Songs will be analysed and the deep connection in cyclicity will be considered.Second,the thematic motives(prime cells)in the realizations that are cross-linked with the original Britten’s vocal cycle Sechs H?lderlin-Fragmente op.61 will be uncovered.Third,the correlation between the scheme of tonality and the other linkages of the setting of realizations and the vocal cycle will be considered.
