In the domain of gas adsorption and separation,microporous materials have garnered considerable attention due to their elevated specific surface area and pore structure[1].And the dissolution of gases in liquids is li...In the domain of gas adsorption and separation,microporous materials have garnered considerable attention due to their elevated specific surface area and pore structure[1].And the dissolution of gases in liquids is limited by unstable liquid-phase pores and weak gas-liquid interactions,which leads to low solubility.However,conventional microporous materials are predominantly solid-state,which complicates their direct adsorption and separation application in liquid environments.展开更多
Rationale: Endotoxin contamination in conventionally purified water poses serious risks to hemodialysis patients, leading to complications such as inflammation and sepsis. Addressing these risks is essential for enhan...Rationale: Endotoxin contamination in conventionally purified water poses serious risks to hemodialysis patients, leading to complications such as inflammation and sepsis. Addressing these risks is essential for enhancing patient safety and meeting global dialysis water quality standards. Advanced filtration technologies, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-based nanoparticle filters, offer a promising approach to improve water purification processes in renal care. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a TiO₂-based nanoparticle microporous filtration system for hemodialysis water purification. The objectives included analyzing the system’s performance in reducing chemical contaminants (calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and lead) and microbiological contaminants (total viable count [TVC] and endotoxin units [EU]) across multiple renal centers. Methods: Water samples from three renal centers (RC1, RC2, and RC3) were analyzed pre- and post-filtration. TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The microporous filter, fabricated with TiO₂ nanoparticles, silicon dioxide, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), was tested for its ability to remove contaminants. Analytical techniques included spectroscopy for chemical analysis and microbiological assays for contaminant quantification. Results: Post-treatment analysis revealed significant reductions in chemical contaminants, with removal efficiencies averaging 78% for calcium, 80% for magnesium, 81% for aluminum, and 76.6% for lead across all centers. Microbiological contamination was also substantially reduced, with 78–80% removal of TVC and 76–84.6% reduction in EU levels. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups critical for adsorption, while SEM/EDX characterization revealed a crystalline structure with a particle size of 1.45 nm, pore size of 4.11 μm, filter height of 2.56 mm, and bulk density of 0.58 g/cm³. Conclusion: The TiO₂-based nanoparticle filtration system demonstrated high efficacy in removing chemical and microbiological contaminants, significantly improving water quality for hemodialysis. These results highlight its potential as a practical solution for renal centers, especially in resource-constrained settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term performance and feasibility for widespread adoption. Recommendation: Renal centers should consider adopting TiO2-based nanoparticle filters to address persistent water quality challenges. Pilot implementations across diverse settings can provide insights into operational feasibility. Additional research should explore scalability, maintenance requirements, and cost-effectiveness to optimize integration into healthcare systems. Significance Statement: This study introduces a practical and innovative solution to improve hemodialysis water purification. By effectively reducing both chemical and microbiological contaminants, the TiO2-based filtration system has the potential to enhance patient safety and outcomes, particularly in settings where maintaining high water quality standards remains challenging.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting provides a rapid and efficient method for fabricating customized bioprinted tissues that replicate the complex architecture of native tissues.However,in 3D bioprinting,the need for den...Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting provides a rapid and efficient method for fabricating customized bioprinted tissues that replicate the complex architecture of native tissues.However,in 3D bioprinting,the need for dense biomaterial networks to ensure mechanical strength and structural fidelity often restricts the spreading,migration,and proliferation of encapsulated cells,as well as the transport of materials.This review summarizes effective strategies for manufacturing microporous bioprinted tissues via 3D bioprinting.The term“microporous”refers to interconnected,micrometer-sized pore-like structures within the internal materials of bioprinted tissues,including the microstructure of a single extruded fiber in extrusion printing.This differs from the macroscopic pore structure formed between fibers composed of print tracks or computer-aided design presets.These micropores play a crucial role in advancing biomanufacturing and 3D bioprinting by providing space for cell adhesion and proliferation while facilitating the timely transport of nutrients and metabolic waste essential for cell growth.Additionally,microporous bioprinted tissues offer the mechanical support needed for cell seeding and serve as sites for extracellular matrix deposition.As microporous 3D bioprinting continues to advance,it has the potential to address unresolved challenges in fields such as organ transplantation,tissue regeneration,and tissue replacement.展开更多
The construction of monodisperse microporous organic microspheres is deemed a challenging issue,primarily due to the difficulty in achieving both high microporosity and uniformity within the microspheres.In this study...The construction of monodisperse microporous organic microspheres is deemed a challenging issue,primarily due to the difficulty in achieving both high microporosity and uniformity within the microspheres.In this study,a series of fluorinated monodisperse microporous microspheres are fabricated by solvothermal precipitation polymerization.The resulting fluorous methacrylate-based microspheres achieved higher than 400 m^(2)/g surface area,along with a yield of over 90%for the microspheres.Through comprehensive characterization and simulation methods,we discovered that the introduction of fluorous methacrylate monomers at high loading levels is the key factor contributing to the formation of the microporosity within the microspheres.The controlled temperature profile was found to be advantageous for achieving a high yield of microspheres and increased uniformity.Two-dimensional assemblies of these fluorinated microsphere arrays exhibited superhydrophobicity,superolephilicity,and water sliding angles below 10°.Furthermore,a three-dimensional assembly of the fluorinated microporous microsphere in a chromatographic column demonstrated significant improvement in the separation of Engelhardt agent compared to commercial columns.Our work offers a novel approach to constructing fluorinated monodisperse microporous microspheres for advanced applications.展开更多
Exploration of efficient and stable photocatalysts to mimic natural leaves for the conversion of atmospheric CO_(2)into hydrocarbons utilizing solar light is very important but remains a major challenge.Herein,we repo...Exploration of efficient and stable photocatalysts to mimic natural leaves for the conversion of atmospheric CO_(2)into hydrocarbons utilizing solar light is very important but remains a major challenge.Herein,we report the design of four novel metal-salen-incorporated conjugated microporous polymers as robust artificial leaves for photoreduction of atmospheric CO_(2)with gaseous water.Owing to the rich nitrogen and oxygen moieties in the polymeric frameworks,they show a maximum CO_(2)adsorption capacity of 46.1 cm3 g^(−1)and adsorption selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2)of up to 82 at 273 K.Under air atmosphere and simulated solar light(100mWcm^(−2)),TEPT-Zn shows an excellent CO yield of 304.96μmol h^(−1)g^(−1)with a selectivity of approximately 100%,which represents one of the best results in terms of organic photocatalysts for gas-phase CO_(2)photoreduction so far.Furthermore,only small degradation in the CO yield is observed even after 120-h continuous illumination.More importantly,a good CO yield of 152.52μmol g^(−1)was achieved by directly exposing the photocatalytic reaction of TEPT-Zn in an outdoor environment for 3 h(25-28℃,52.3±7.9mWcm^(−2)).This work provides an avenue for the continued development of advanced polymers toward gas-phase photoconversion of CO_(2)from air.展开更多
Homogeneous films with tailored microporous structures are crucial for several applications;however,fabricating such films presents significant challenges.This is primarily because most microporous materials have crys...Homogeneous films with tailored microporous structures are crucial for several applications;however,fabricating such films presents significant challenges.This is primarily because most microporous materials have crystal sizes in the nanoand micrometer ranges,which inevitably generates intergranular spaces in the films,thereby complicating the fabrication of these thin films.In this study,functionalized metal–organic polyhedra(MOPs)are used as discrete microporous units and assembled into homogenous microporous films.The generation of intergranular spaces is avoided while controlling packing parameters and film thicknesses.Initially,the MOP units,influenced by van der Waals forces between carbon chains of functionalized adipic acids,display an affinity to form spindle-shaped blocks and islands.As the MOP concentration increases,these structures self-assembled into a hexagonally packed structure with an in-plane orientation and a maximum stacking of two layers of MOPs.By contrast,un-functionalized MOPs form a disordered film structure owing to random agglomeration.Evidently,functionalized adipic acid influences the orientation of the MOP network films with uniformly distributed micropores,effectively preventing the formation of intergranular spaces.Additionally,formaldehyde adsorption and desorption experiments revealed that the MOP network films possess superior adsorption and desorption capacities.The proposed approach signifies a breakthrough in the fabrication of homogenous microporous films.展开更多
Microporous organic networks(MONs)are attractive adsorbents for use in sample pretreatment owning to their unique structure and properties.However,methods for constructing functional MONs are still limited because the...Microporous organic networks(MONs)are attractive adsorbents for use in sample pretreatment owning to their unique structure and properties.However,methods for constructing functional MONs are still limited because the lack of monomers via direct synthesis and their complex procedures via postmodification.To address this issue,a facile one-pot in situ doping strategy was proposed herein for synthesis a novel phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic cyclodextrin-based microporous organic network([PBA]_(3/4)-MCD-MON-0.04).[PBA]_(3/4)MCD-MON-0.04 was used for the selective and efficient extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides(SUHs)from complex food and environmental water samples via the synergistic hydrogen bonding,host-vip,hydrophobic andπ-πinteractions and the specific B-N coordination.[PBA]_(3/4)-MCD-MON-0.04 had a large surface area,high saturation magnetism,good reusability,and remarkable stability.A rapid,sensitive,and selective method was proposed for monitoring SUHs from diverse matrices.This study provides a new strategy for synthesizing novel and multifunctional magnetic CD-MONs-based adsorbents and reveals the considerable potential of CD-MONs in sample pretreatment.展开更多
Flexible microporous metal rubber(FMP-MR)is widely used in national defense applications,yet its mechanical behavior under high-speed impact conditions remains insufficiently explored.In this study,dynamic and static ...Flexible microporous metal rubber(FMP-MR)is widely used in national defense applications,yet its mechanical behavior under high-speed impact conditions remains insufficiently explored.In this study,dynamic and static experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the mechanical response of metal-wrapped microporous materials under impact loading that spanned 10~6 orders of magnitude.By combining a high-precision numerical model with a spatial contact point search algorithm,the spatio–temporal contact characteristics of the complex network structure in FMP-MR were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the mapping mechanism from turn topology and mesoscopic friction behavior to macroscopic mechanical properties was comprehensively explored.The results showed that compared with quasi-static loading,FMP-MR under high-speed impact exhibited higher energy absorption efficiency due to high-strain-rate inertia effect.Therefore,the peak stress increased by 141%,and the maximum energy dissipation increased by 300%.Consequently,the theory of dynamic friction locking effect was innovatively proposed.The theory explains that the close synergistic effect of sliding friction and plastic dissipation promoted by the stable interturn-locked embedded structure is the essential reason for the excellent dynamic mechanical properties of FMP-MR under dynamic loading conditions.Briefly,based on the in-depth investigation of the mechanical response and energy dissipation mechanism of FMP-MR under impact loads,this study provides a solid theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of FMP-MR and optimizing its performance.展开更多
Traditional magnesia-based refractories face challenges such as high thermal conductivity and poor slag penetration resistance,which contradict the energy efficiency requirements of modern metallurgy.In this study,mic...Traditional magnesia-based refractories face challenges such as high thermal conductivity and poor slag penetration resistance,which contradict the energy efficiency requirements of modern metallurgy.In this study,microporous magnesia was prepared using low-grade magnesite via the one-step sintering method.The microstructure and properties of microporous magnesia prepared by high-silicon and high-calcium magnesites calcined at various temperatures were compared.The pore structure and phase evolution were analyzed,the effect of which on the properties of lightweight magnesia-based dry vibration mix was discussed.The results indicated that within high-silicon magnesite,SiO_(2) initially reacted with Mgo to form Mg_(2)Si0_(4),which gradually reacted with Cao impurities as the temperature increased transforming into a Mgo-Cao-SiO_(2) ternary liquid phase and uniformly permeated along the grain boundaries.Due to the bridging effect of strip-like Cao in high-calcium magnesite,the reorganization and sintering of Mgo grains at high temperatures were inhibited,resulting in the presence of a significant number of elongated pores within the magnesia after calcination at various temperatures,which was detrimental to the mechanical properties and slag resistance.The microporous Mg0 prepared by high-silicon magnesite at 1700°C exhibited the superior physical properties.The microporous Mgo aggregates had a stronger interlocking force with the matrix,resulting in a greater bonding strength.Moreover,the micropores not only effectively reduced the thermal conductivity but also facilitated the supersaturated precipitation of molten slag,hindering further penetration.Compared to the dry vibration mix prepared by fused Mgo,the lightweight magnesia-based dry vibration mix prepared with the high-silicon magnesite exhibited higher mechanical strength(~40%increase)and thermal insulation performance(0.870 W·(m·K)at 1000 C),and improved slag resistance.展开更多
Microporous MgO–MgAl_(2)O_(4)refractory aggregates were prepared using calcined MgO powder andα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder as raw materials.The influence ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder addition on the microstructures and...Microporous MgO–MgAl_(2)O_(4)refractory aggregates were prepared using calcined MgO powder andα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder as raw materials.The influence ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder addition on the microstructures and properties of the aggregates was investigated.The results indicated that the addition ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder to MgO powder not only promoted more pores in the MgO powder to being enclosed,but also caused the pores among the MgO powder to become micronano scale by the formation of continuous microporous MgAl_(2)O_(4)bonding layers,which reduced the thermal conductivity of the aggregates.Furthermore,the microporous MgAl_(2)O_(4)can induce crack deflection and generate crack branching when subjected to thermal shock,thus improving the thermal shock resistance of the microporous aggregates.The sample with 12.1 wt.%α-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder addition exhibited the best comprehensive properties,with a bulk density of 3.44 g/cm^(3),a median pore size of 120.7 nm,a high flexural strength of 82.7 MPa,a high retention rate of flexural strength of 87.7%,and a thermal conductivity of 8.4 W/(m K)at 800°C.Compared to commercial fused magnesia and sintered magnesia,the thermal conductivity decreased by 47.2%and 18.4%at 800°C,respectively.展开更多
With the pressing concern of the climate change,hydrogen will undoubtedly play an essential role in the future to accelerate the way out from fossil fuel-based economy.In this case,the role of membrane-based separatio...With the pressing concern of the climate change,hydrogen will undoubtedly play an essential role in the future to accelerate the way out from fossil fuel-based economy.In this case,the role of membrane-based separation cannot be neglected since,compared with other conventional process,membrane-based process is more effective and consumes less energy.Regarding this,metal-based membranes,particularly palladium,are usually employed for hydrogen separation because of its high selectivity.However,with the advancement of various microporous materials,the status quo of the metal-based membranes could be challenged since,compared with the metal-based membranes,they could offer better hydrogen separation performance and could also be cheaper to be produced.In this article,the advancement of membranes fabricated from five main microporous materials,namely silica-based membranes,zeolite membranes,carbon-based membranes,metal organic frameworks/covalent organic frameworks(MOF/COF)membranes and microporous polymeric membranes,for hydrogen separation from light gases are extensively discussed.Their performances are then summarized to give further insights regarding the pathway that should be taken to direct the research direction in the future.展开更多
As a novel lightweight metallic material with excellent heat and corrosion resistance,elastic disordered microporous metal rubber(EDMMR)functions as an effective damping and support element in high-temperature environ...As a novel lightweight metallic material with excellent heat and corrosion resistance,elastic disordered microporous metal rubber(EDMMR)functions as an effective damping and support element in high-temperature environments where traditional polymer rubber fails.In this paper,a multi-scale finite element model for EDMMR is constructed using virtual manufacturing technology(VMT).Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis reveals a distinct inward expansion and dissipation phenomenon in EDMMR under high-temperature conditions,distinguishing it from porous materials.This phenomenon has the potential to impact the overall dimensions of EDMMR through transmission and accumulation processes.The experimental results demonstrate a random distribution of internal micro springs in EDMMR,considering the contact composition of spring microelements and the pore structure.By incorporating material elasticity,a predictive method for the thermal expansion coefficient of EDMMR based on the Schapery model is proposed.Additionally,standardized processes are employed to manufacture multiple sets of cylindrical EDMMR samples with similar dimensions but varying porosities.Thermal expansion tests are conducted on these samples,and the accuracy of the predicted thermal expansion coefficient is quantitatively validated through residual analysis.This research indicates that EDMMR maintains good structural stability in high-temperature environments.The thermal expansion rate of the material exhibits an opposite trend to the variation of elastic modulus with temperature,as the porosity rate changes.展开更多
The use of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)RR),leveraging solar energy and water to generate carbon-based products,is attracting considerable attention.However,the amorphou...The use of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)RR),leveraging solar energy and water to generate carbon-based products,is attracting considerable attention.However,the amorphous nature of most CMPs poses challenges for effective charge carrier separation,limiting their application in CO_(2)RR.In this study,we introduce an innovative approach utilizing donorπ-skeleton engineering to enhance skeleton coplanarity,thereby achieving highly crystalline CMPs.Advanced femtosecond transient absorption and temperature-dependent photoluminescence analyses reveal efficient exciton dissociation into free charge carriers that actively engage in surface reactions.Complementary theoretical calculations demonstrate that our highly crystalline CMP(Py-TDO)not only greatly improves the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers but also introduces additional charge transport pathways via intermolecularπ-πstacking.Py-TDO exhibits outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction capabilities,achieving a remarkable CO generation rate of 223.97μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without the addition of chemical scavengers.This work lays pioneering groundwork for the development of novel highly crystalline materials,advancing the field of solar-driven energy conversion.展开更多
Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)n...Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)nanocomposites from the precursor complex of metal in microporous polythiophene(MPT),and systematically investigated their EWA properties and mechanism.The characterization results indicate that M_(x)S_(y) were determined to be Fe_(7)S_(8)/C,Co_(9)S_(8)/C and Ni_(4)S_(3)/C,respectively.It is observed that M_(x)S_(y)/C nanocomposites exhibit remarkable EWA performances,where the maximal absorption gets to-51.3 dB,and efficient absorption can be realized in 10.32-18 GHz(7.68 GHz),which is superior to most reported magnetic carbonaceous EWA composites.Beside,the efficient absorption can be tuned to cover Ku band X band,demonstrating their great potential in practical applications.Improved conductance loss,obvious polarization relaxation,and apparent eddy current loss are deemed to make the predominant contributions to the high-performance EWA.This research opens up the exploration of novel nanocomposite coupling dielectric loss and magnetic loss using MPT-metal complex precursor for EWA applications.展开更多
Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the high abundance and low cost of Na.It is well known that S doping can improve the electrochemical performance of carbon materials...Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the high abundance and low cost of Na.It is well known that S doping can improve the electrochemical performance of carbon materials for NIBs.However,the current methods for S doping in carbons normally involve toxic precursors or rigorous conditions.In this work,we report a creative and facile strategy for preparing S-doped porous carbons(SCs)via the pyrolysis of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs).Briefly,thiophene-based CMPs served as the precursors and doping sources simultaneously.Simple direct carbonization of CMPs produced S-doped carbon materials with highly porous structures.When used as an anode for NIBs,the SCs exhibited a high reversible capacity of 440 mAh g?1 at 50 mA g?1 after 100 cycles,superior rate capability,and excellent cycling stability(297 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g?1),outperforming most S-doped carbon materials reported thus far.The excellent performance of the SCs is attributed to the expanded lattice distance after S doping.Furthermore,we employed ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the SCs during sodiation-desodiation,which can highlight the role of doped S for Na-ion storage.展开更多
Aqueous sols and gels of tungstic acid were prepared from Na2WO4 with protonated cation-exchange resin. Nano-tungsten oxide of a microporous lamella was synthesized by means of washing of WO3· 2H2O with distilled...Aqueous sols and gels of tungstic acid were prepared from Na2WO4 with protonated cation-exchange resin. Nano-tungsten oxide of a microporous lamella was synthesized by means of washing of WO3· 2H2O with distilled water under ultrasonic wave agitation and centrifuging repeatedly, and the specific surface area tended to increase gradually with washing and centrifuging. The sample of centrifuged 7 h has more than 2 times highs specific surface area and more high photocatalytic activity . The mechanisms are also discussed.展开更多
To search for new cathode materials with high energy density of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is one of the most challenging issues. Vanadium pentoxide(V2 O5) with high theoretical specific capacity is believed to be a ...To search for new cathode materials with high energy density of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is one of the most challenging issues. Vanadium pentoxide(V2 O5) with high theoretical specific capacity is believed to be a promising candidate for the next generation cathode materials, yet still suffers from low lithium ion diffusion coefficient and poor electronic conductivity resulting in low cycling life and poor rate performances. Here, we report new large-scale carambola-like V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays anchored on microporous reed carbon as high performances LIBs cathode. Each individual pore space of the microporous reed carbon is like a hexagonal cylinder, and the area of each carbon wall is more than103 um2, which is favorable for the growth of V2 O5 nanostructure arrays. After hydrothermal, the largescale carambola-like V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays can directly grow on the surface of microporous carbon.Due to the novel composite structures, the V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays@microporous carbon stabilizes at273 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. When cycling at 1.0 C over 500 cycles, the capacity still maintains at 180 mAh g^(-1). The demonstrated approach in this work paves the way for the development of high rate capability and excellent cycling stability V2 O5-based cathode materials.展开更多
Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes （PPMMs）. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR/FT-IR） and field em...Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes （PPMMs）. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR/FT-IR） and field emission scanning electron microscope （FE- SEM） were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor （MBR）, filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.展开更多
Wormlike/lamellar microporous carbons were prepared by using long alkyl chain primary amine hydrochloride as the template and resorci- nol/formaldehyde as the carbon source under highly acidic conditions. The template...Wormlike/lamellar microporous carbons were prepared by using long alkyl chain primary amine hydrochloride as the template and resorci- nol/formaldehyde as the carbon source under highly acidic conditions. The template can be eliminated by high temperature treatment under an inert atmosphere. The obtained carbon materials were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, ther- mogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that dodecylamine hydrochloride surfactant can be used as the template of wormlike micropores structure while octadecylamine hydrochloride results in both lamellar and wormlike micropores. The obtained carbon materials have the similar pore size in the range of 0.5-0.59 nm, but with various morphologies such as monolith, spheres, and coralline. The microporous carbon obtained from dodecylamine hydrochloride surfactant shows good adsorption performance to remove the refractory sulfur compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds in fuel.展开更多
A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capa...A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose(BC)precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported.The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores(~2 nm)and a considerable amount of sub-micropores(<1 nm).The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area(1554 m^2 g^-1)and packing density(1.18 g cm^-3).The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport.As a result,the remarkable specific capacitances,including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances(430 F g^-1 and 507 F cm^-3 at 0.5 A g^-1),and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g^-1(327 F g^-1 and 385 F cm^-3)are realized.Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton,a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density(~0.77 mWh cm^-2),volumetric energy density(~17.8 W L^-1),and excellent cyclic stability.展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0101100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22305132,22475112,22365021)+2 种基金the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region“Grassland Talents”Project(2024098)the Basic Research Expenses Supported under 45 Years Old of Inner Mongolia(23600-5233706)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2025LHMS02016).
文摘In the domain of gas adsorption and separation,microporous materials have garnered considerable attention due to their elevated specific surface area and pore structure[1].And the dissolution of gases in liquids is limited by unstable liquid-phase pores and weak gas-liquid interactions,which leads to low solubility.However,conventional microporous materials are predominantly solid-state,which complicates their direct adsorption and separation application in liquid environments.
文摘Rationale: Endotoxin contamination in conventionally purified water poses serious risks to hemodialysis patients, leading to complications such as inflammation and sepsis. Addressing these risks is essential for enhancing patient safety and meeting global dialysis water quality standards. Advanced filtration technologies, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-based nanoparticle filters, offer a promising approach to improve water purification processes in renal care. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a TiO₂-based nanoparticle microporous filtration system for hemodialysis water purification. The objectives included analyzing the system’s performance in reducing chemical contaminants (calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and lead) and microbiological contaminants (total viable count [TVC] and endotoxin units [EU]) across multiple renal centers. Methods: Water samples from three renal centers (RC1, RC2, and RC3) were analyzed pre- and post-filtration. TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The microporous filter, fabricated with TiO₂ nanoparticles, silicon dioxide, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), was tested for its ability to remove contaminants. Analytical techniques included spectroscopy for chemical analysis and microbiological assays for contaminant quantification. Results: Post-treatment analysis revealed significant reductions in chemical contaminants, with removal efficiencies averaging 78% for calcium, 80% for magnesium, 81% for aluminum, and 76.6% for lead across all centers. Microbiological contamination was also substantially reduced, with 78–80% removal of TVC and 76–84.6% reduction in EU levels. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups critical for adsorption, while SEM/EDX characterization revealed a crystalline structure with a particle size of 1.45 nm, pore size of 4.11 μm, filter height of 2.56 mm, and bulk density of 0.58 g/cm³. Conclusion: The TiO₂-based nanoparticle filtration system demonstrated high efficacy in removing chemical and microbiological contaminants, significantly improving water quality for hemodialysis. These results highlight its potential as a practical solution for renal centers, especially in resource-constrained settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term performance and feasibility for widespread adoption. Recommendation: Renal centers should consider adopting TiO2-based nanoparticle filters to address persistent water quality challenges. Pilot implementations across diverse settings can provide insights into operational feasibility. Additional research should explore scalability, maintenance requirements, and cost-effectiveness to optimize integration into healthcare systems. Significance Statement: This study introduces a practical and innovative solution to improve hemodialysis water purification. By effectively reducing both chemical and microbiological contaminants, the TiO2-based filtration system has the potential to enhance patient safety and outcomes, particularly in settings where maintaining high water quality standards remains challenging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82302786 and 82172394)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20230245 and 2023M742478)+4 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFH0068)the Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows(No.BX202203)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund(No.JCXK2226)1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYGD23033)the Postdoctoral Research Fund of West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2023HXBH012).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting provides a rapid and efficient method for fabricating customized bioprinted tissues that replicate the complex architecture of native tissues.However,in 3D bioprinting,the need for dense biomaterial networks to ensure mechanical strength and structural fidelity often restricts the spreading,migration,and proliferation of encapsulated cells,as well as the transport of materials.This review summarizes effective strategies for manufacturing microporous bioprinted tissues via 3D bioprinting.The term“microporous”refers to interconnected,micrometer-sized pore-like structures within the internal materials of bioprinted tissues,including the microstructure of a single extruded fiber in extrusion printing.This differs from the macroscopic pore structure formed between fibers composed of print tracks or computer-aided design presets.These micropores play a crucial role in advancing biomanufacturing and 3D bioprinting by providing space for cell adhesion and proliferation while facilitating the timely transport of nutrients and metabolic waste essential for cell growth.Additionally,microporous bioprinted tissues offer the mechanical support needed for cell seeding and serve as sites for extracellular matrix deposition.As microporous 3D bioprinting continues to advance,it has the potential to address unresolved challenges in fields such as organ transplantation,tissue regeneration,and tissue replacement.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MB033)Science and Technology Bureau of Jinan City(No.2021GXRC105)University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2023(No.XKJC-202302)。
文摘The construction of monodisperse microporous organic microspheres is deemed a challenging issue,primarily due to the difficulty in achieving both high microporosity and uniformity within the microspheres.In this study,a series of fluorinated monodisperse microporous microspheres are fabricated by solvothermal precipitation polymerization.The resulting fluorous methacrylate-based microspheres achieved higher than 400 m^(2)/g surface area,along with a yield of over 90%for the microspheres.Through comprehensive characterization and simulation methods,we discovered that the introduction of fluorous methacrylate monomers at high loading levels is the key factor contributing to the formation of the microporosity within the microspheres.The controlled temperature profile was found to be advantageous for achieving a high yield of microspheres and increased uniformity.Two-dimensional assemblies of these fluorinated microsphere arrays exhibited superhydrophobicity,superolephilicity,and water sliding angles below 10°.Furthermore,a three-dimensional assembly of the fluorinated microporous microsphere in a chromatographic column demonstrated significant improvement in the separation of Engelhardt agent compared to commercial columns.Our work offers a novel approach to constructing fluorinated monodisperse microporous microspheres for advanced applications.
基金Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of East China University of Technology,Grant/Award Number:DHBK201927Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangxi Scientific Committee,Grant/Award Number:20232ACB213012+2 种基金National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China,Grant/Award Number:21905122National Science Foundation for Young Scientists,Grant/Award Number:21905147Jiangxi Talent Program,Grant/Award Number:DHSQT32022005.
文摘Exploration of efficient and stable photocatalysts to mimic natural leaves for the conversion of atmospheric CO_(2)into hydrocarbons utilizing solar light is very important but remains a major challenge.Herein,we report the design of four novel metal-salen-incorporated conjugated microporous polymers as robust artificial leaves for photoreduction of atmospheric CO_(2)with gaseous water.Owing to the rich nitrogen and oxygen moieties in the polymeric frameworks,they show a maximum CO_(2)adsorption capacity of 46.1 cm3 g^(−1)and adsorption selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2)of up to 82 at 273 K.Under air atmosphere and simulated solar light(100mWcm^(−2)),TEPT-Zn shows an excellent CO yield of 304.96μmol h^(−1)g^(−1)with a selectivity of approximately 100%,which represents one of the best results in terms of organic photocatalysts for gas-phase CO_(2)photoreduction so far.Furthermore,only small degradation in the CO yield is observed even after 120-h continuous illumination.More importantly,a good CO yield of 152.52μmol g^(−1)was achieved by directly exposing the photocatalytic reaction of TEPT-Zn in an outdoor environment for 3 h(25-28℃,52.3±7.9mWcm^(−2)).This work provides an avenue for the continued development of advanced polymers toward gas-phase photoconversion of CO_(2)from air.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(Nos.NRF-2021R1C1C2012825,2022R1A2B5B01001826,2022R1A5A2021216,and No.RS-2023-00218255)。
文摘Homogeneous films with tailored microporous structures are crucial for several applications;however,fabricating such films presents significant challenges.This is primarily because most microporous materials have crystal sizes in the nanoand micrometer ranges,which inevitably generates intergranular spaces in the films,thereby complicating the fabrication of these thin films.In this study,functionalized metal–organic polyhedra(MOPs)are used as discrete microporous units and assembled into homogenous microporous films.The generation of intergranular spaces is avoided while controlling packing parameters and film thicknesses.Initially,the MOP units,influenced by van der Waals forces between carbon chains of functionalized adipic acids,display an affinity to form spindle-shaped blocks and islands.As the MOP concentration increases,these structures self-assembled into a hexagonally packed structure with an in-plane orientation and a maximum stacking of two layers of MOPs.By contrast,un-functionalized MOPs form a disordered film structure owing to random agglomeration.Evidently,functionalized adipic acid influences the orientation of the MOP network films with uniformly distributed micropores,effectively preventing the formation of intergranular spaces.Additionally,formaldehyde adsorption and desorption experiments revealed that the MOP network films possess superior adsorption and desorption capacities.The proposed approach signifies a breakthrough in the fabrication of homogenous microporous films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174071 and 22206114)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022YQ08 and ZR2022QB085)+2 种基金the Innovation Team of Shandong Higher School Youth Innovation Technology Program(No.2023KJ344)the Academic Promotion Program(No.2019LJ003)Joint Innovation Team for Clinical&Basic Research(No.202401)of Shandong First Medical University。
文摘Microporous organic networks(MONs)are attractive adsorbents for use in sample pretreatment owning to their unique structure and properties.However,methods for constructing functional MONs are still limited because the lack of monomers via direct synthesis and their complex procedures via postmodification.To address this issue,a facile one-pot in situ doping strategy was proposed herein for synthesis a novel phenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic cyclodextrin-based microporous organic network([PBA]_(3/4)-MCD-MON-0.04).[PBA]_(3/4)MCD-MON-0.04 was used for the selective and efficient extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides(SUHs)from complex food and environmental water samples via the synergistic hydrogen bonding,host-vip,hydrophobic andπ-πinteractions and the specific B-N coordination.[PBA]_(3/4)-MCD-MON-0.04 had a large surface area,high saturation magnetism,good reusability,and remarkable stability.A rapid,sensitive,and selective method was proposed for monitoring SUHs from diverse matrices.This study provides a new strategy for synthesizing novel and multifunctional magnetic CD-MONs-based adsorbents and reveals the considerable potential of CD-MONs in sample pretreatment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF(Grant No.U2330202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175162 and 51805086)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Technological Innovation Key Research and Industrialization Projects(Grant Nos.2023XQ005 and 2024XQ010)The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Platform Project of Fujian Province(2024QZFX07)。
文摘Flexible microporous metal rubber(FMP-MR)is widely used in national defense applications,yet its mechanical behavior under high-speed impact conditions remains insufficiently explored.In this study,dynamic and static experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the mechanical response of metal-wrapped microporous materials under impact loading that spanned 10~6 orders of magnitude.By combining a high-precision numerical model with a spatial contact point search algorithm,the spatio–temporal contact characteristics of the complex network structure in FMP-MR were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the mapping mechanism from turn topology and mesoscopic friction behavior to macroscopic mechanical properties was comprehensively explored.The results showed that compared with quasi-static loading,FMP-MR under high-speed impact exhibited higher energy absorption efficiency due to high-strain-rate inertia effect.Therefore,the peak stress increased by 141%,and the maximum energy dissipation increased by 300%.Consequently,the theory of dynamic friction locking effect was innovatively proposed.The theory explains that the close synergistic effect of sliding friction and plastic dissipation promoted by the stable interturn-locked embedded structure is the essential reason for the excellent dynamic mechanical properties of FMP-MR under dynamic loading conditions.Briefly,based on the in-depth investigation of the mechanical response and energy dissipation mechanism of FMP-MR under impact loads,this study provides a solid theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of FMP-MR and optimizing its performance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302027,52272022 and 52472032).
文摘Traditional magnesia-based refractories face challenges such as high thermal conductivity and poor slag penetration resistance,which contradict the energy efficiency requirements of modern metallurgy.In this study,microporous magnesia was prepared using low-grade magnesite via the one-step sintering method.The microstructure and properties of microporous magnesia prepared by high-silicon and high-calcium magnesites calcined at various temperatures were compared.The pore structure and phase evolution were analyzed,the effect of which on the properties of lightweight magnesia-based dry vibration mix was discussed.The results indicated that within high-silicon magnesite,SiO_(2) initially reacted with Mgo to form Mg_(2)Si0_(4),which gradually reacted with Cao impurities as the temperature increased transforming into a Mgo-Cao-SiO_(2) ternary liquid phase and uniformly permeated along the grain boundaries.Due to the bridging effect of strip-like Cao in high-calcium magnesite,the reorganization and sintering of Mgo grains at high temperatures were inhibited,resulting in the presence of a significant number of elongated pores within the magnesia after calcination at various temperatures,which was detrimental to the mechanical properties and slag resistance.The microporous Mg0 prepared by high-silicon magnesite at 1700°C exhibited the superior physical properties.The microporous Mgo aggregates had a stronger interlocking force with the matrix,resulting in a greater bonding strength.Moreover,the micropores not only effectively reduced the thermal conductivity but also facilitated the supersaturated precipitation of molten slag,hindering further penetration.Compared to the dry vibration mix prepared by fused Mgo,the lightweight magnesia-based dry vibration mix prepared with the high-silicon magnesite exhibited higher mechanical strength(~40%increase)and thermal insulation performance(0.870 W·(m·K)at 1000 C),and improved slag resistance.
基金financially supported by the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2058)the Innovation Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2025AFA016).
文摘Microporous MgO–MgAl_(2)O_(4)refractory aggregates were prepared using calcined MgO powder andα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder as raw materials.The influence ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder addition on the microstructures and properties of the aggregates was investigated.The results indicated that the addition ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder to MgO powder not only promoted more pores in the MgO powder to being enclosed,but also caused the pores among the MgO powder to become micronano scale by the formation of continuous microporous MgAl_(2)O_(4)bonding layers,which reduced the thermal conductivity of the aggregates.Furthermore,the microporous MgAl_(2)O_(4)can induce crack deflection and generate crack branching when subjected to thermal shock,thus improving the thermal shock resistance of the microporous aggregates.The sample with 12.1 wt.%α-Al_(2)O_(3)micro-powder addition exhibited the best comprehensive properties,with a bulk density of 3.44 g/cm^(3),a median pore size of 120.7 nm,a high flexural strength of 82.7 MPa,a high retention rate of flexural strength of 87.7%,and a thermal conductivity of 8.4 W/(m K)at 800°C.Compared to commercial fused magnesia and sintered magnesia,the thermal conductivity decreased by 47.2%and 18.4%at 800°C,respectively.
基金funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship(Ref-3.3-GBR-1219268-HFST-P)。
文摘With the pressing concern of the climate change,hydrogen will undoubtedly play an essential role in the future to accelerate the way out from fossil fuel-based economy.In this case,the role of membrane-based separation cannot be neglected since,compared with other conventional process,membrane-based process is more effective and consumes less energy.Regarding this,metal-based membranes,particularly palladium,are usually employed for hydrogen separation because of its high selectivity.However,with the advancement of various microporous materials,the status quo of the metal-based membranes could be challenged since,compared with the metal-based membranes,they could offer better hydrogen separation performance and could also be cheaper to be produced.In this article,the advancement of membranes fabricated from five main microporous materials,namely silica-based membranes,zeolite membranes,carbon-based membranes,metal organic frameworks/covalent organic frameworks(MOF/COF)membranes and microporous polymeric membranes,for hydrogen separation from light gases are extensively discussed.Their performances are then summarized to give further insights regarding the pathway that should be taken to direct the research direction in the future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2330202,52175162,51805086,51975123)Fujian Provincial Technological Innovation Key Research and Industrialization Projects(Grant Nos.2023XQ005,2024XQ010)Project of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Bureau of Jiangmen City(Grant No.2023780200030009506)。
文摘As a novel lightweight metallic material with excellent heat and corrosion resistance,elastic disordered microporous metal rubber(EDMMR)functions as an effective damping and support element in high-temperature environments where traditional polymer rubber fails.In this paper,a multi-scale finite element model for EDMMR is constructed using virtual manufacturing technology(VMT).Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis reveals a distinct inward expansion and dissipation phenomenon in EDMMR under high-temperature conditions,distinguishing it from porous materials.This phenomenon has the potential to impact the overall dimensions of EDMMR through transmission and accumulation processes.The experimental results demonstrate a random distribution of internal micro springs in EDMMR,considering the contact composition of spring microelements and the pore structure.By incorporating material elasticity,a predictive method for the thermal expansion coefficient of EDMMR based on the Schapery model is proposed.Additionally,standardized processes are employed to manufacture multiple sets of cylindrical EDMMR samples with similar dimensions but varying porosities.Thermal expansion tests are conducted on these samples,and the accuracy of the predicted thermal expansion coefficient is quantitatively validated through residual analysis.This research indicates that EDMMR maintains good structural stability in high-temperature environments.The thermal expansion rate of the material exhibits an opposite trend to the variation of elastic modulus with temperature,as the porosity rate changes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22379105 and 22102112)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.20210302123110)。
文摘The use of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)RR),leveraging solar energy and water to generate carbon-based products,is attracting considerable attention.However,the amorphous nature of most CMPs poses challenges for effective charge carrier separation,limiting their application in CO_(2)RR.In this study,we introduce an innovative approach utilizing donorπ-skeleton engineering to enhance skeleton coplanarity,thereby achieving highly crystalline CMPs.Advanced femtosecond transient absorption and temperature-dependent photoluminescence analyses reveal efficient exciton dissociation into free charge carriers that actively engage in surface reactions.Complementary theoretical calculations demonstrate that our highly crystalline CMP(Py-TDO)not only greatly improves the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers but also introduces additional charge transport pathways via intermolecularπ-πstacking.Py-TDO exhibits outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction capabilities,achieving a remarkable CO generation rate of 223.97μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without the addition of chemical scavengers.This work lays pioneering groundwork for the development of novel highly crystalline materials,advancing the field of solar-driven energy conversion.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30920021107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702161)。
文摘Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)nanocomposites from the precursor complex of metal in microporous polythiophene(MPT),and systematically investigated their EWA properties and mechanism.The characterization results indicate that M_(x)S_(y) were determined to be Fe_(7)S_(8)/C,Co_(9)S_(8)/C and Ni_(4)S_(3)/C,respectively.It is observed that M_(x)S_(y)/C nanocomposites exhibit remarkable EWA performances,where the maximal absorption gets to-51.3 dB,and efficient absorption can be realized in 10.32-18 GHz(7.68 GHz),which is superior to most reported magnetic carbonaceous EWA composites.Beside,the efficient absorption can be tuned to cover Ku band X band,demonstrating their great potential in practical applications.Improved conductance loss,obvious polarization relaxation,and apparent eddy current loss are deemed to make the predominant contributions to the high-performance EWA.This research opens up the exploration of novel nanocomposite coupling dielectric loss and magnetic loss using MPT-metal complex precursor for EWA applications.
基金Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51702056 and 51772135)the Ministry of Education of China(6141A02022516)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M622902 and 2019T120790).
文摘Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the high abundance and low cost of Na.It is well known that S doping can improve the electrochemical performance of carbon materials for NIBs.However,the current methods for S doping in carbons normally involve toxic precursors or rigorous conditions.In this work,we report a creative and facile strategy for preparing S-doped porous carbons(SCs)via the pyrolysis of conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs).Briefly,thiophene-based CMPs served as the precursors and doping sources simultaneously.Simple direct carbonization of CMPs produced S-doped carbon materials with highly porous structures.When used as an anode for NIBs,the SCs exhibited a high reversible capacity of 440 mAh g?1 at 50 mA g?1 after 100 cycles,superior rate capability,and excellent cycling stability(297 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g?1),outperforming most S-doped carbon materials reported thus far.The excellent performance of the SCs is attributed to the expanded lattice distance after S doping.Furthermore,we employed ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the SCs during sodiation-desodiation,which can highlight the role of doped S for Na-ion storage.
文摘Aqueous sols and gels of tungstic acid were prepared from Na2WO4 with protonated cation-exchange resin. Nano-tungsten oxide of a microporous lamella was synthesized by means of washing of WO3· 2H2O with distilled water under ultrasonic wave agitation and centrifuging repeatedly, and the specific surface area tended to increase gradually with washing and centrifuging. The sample of centrifuged 7 h has more than 2 times highs specific surface area and more high photocatalytic activity . The mechanisms are also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51922038 and 51672078)Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Independent Research Project (No. 71675004)+1 种基金Hunan Youth Talents (2016RS3025)Hunan Natural Science Foundation (2016JJ3123)。
文摘To search for new cathode materials with high energy density of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is one of the most challenging issues. Vanadium pentoxide(V2 O5) with high theoretical specific capacity is believed to be a promising candidate for the next generation cathode materials, yet still suffers from low lithium ion diffusion coefficient and poor electronic conductivity resulting in low cycling life and poor rate performances. Here, we report new large-scale carambola-like V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays anchored on microporous reed carbon as high performances LIBs cathode. Each individual pore space of the microporous reed carbon is like a hexagonal cylinder, and the area of each carbon wall is more than103 um2, which is favorable for the growth of V2 O5 nanostructure arrays. After hydrothermal, the largescale carambola-like V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays can directly grow on the surface of microporous carbon.Due to the novel composite structures, the V2 O5 nanoflowers arrays@microporous carbon stabilizes at273 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. When cycling at 1.0 C over 500 cycles, the capacity still maintains at 180 mAh g^(-1). The demonstrated approach in this work paves the way for the development of high rate capability and excellent cycling stability V2 O5-based cathode materials.
基金Project supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program (863)of China(No.2002AA601230)the Science-Research Program of Jiaxing City,China(No.2005AY3013).
文摘Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes （PPMMs）. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR/FT-IR） and field emission scanning electron microscope （FE- SEM） were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor （MBR）, filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.
基金sponsored by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (NO.200346)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0270)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.20406005)
文摘Wormlike/lamellar microporous carbons were prepared by using long alkyl chain primary amine hydrochloride as the template and resorci- nol/formaldehyde as the carbon source under highly acidic conditions. The template can be eliminated by high temperature treatment under an inert atmosphere. The obtained carbon materials were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, ther- mogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that dodecylamine hydrochloride surfactant can be used as the template of wormlike micropores structure while octadecylamine hydrochloride results in both lamellar and wormlike micropores. The obtained carbon materials have the similar pore size in the range of 0.5-0.59 nm, but with various morphologies such as monolith, spheres, and coralline. The microporous carbon obtained from dodecylamine hydrochloride surfactant shows good adsorption performance to remove the refractory sulfur compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds in fuel.
文摘A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose(BC)precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported.The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores(~2 nm)and a considerable amount of sub-micropores(<1 nm).The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area(1554 m^2 g^-1)and packing density(1.18 g cm^-3).The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport.As a result,the remarkable specific capacitances,including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances(430 F g^-1 and 507 F cm^-3 at 0.5 A g^-1),and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g^-1(327 F g^-1 and 385 F cm^-3)are realized.Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton,a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density(~0.77 mWh cm^-2),volumetric energy density(~17.8 W L^-1),and excellent cyclic stability.
