Ecological floating bed is an important biological remediation method for water pollution control.During the removal of excess nutrients and pollutants,changes in environmental factors affect the characteristics of mi...Ecological floating bed is an important biological remediation method for water pollution control.During the removal of excess nutrients and pollutants,changes in environmental factors affect the characteristics of microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.To understand the influences of ecological floating beds on size-fractionated microorganisms,we investigated the community assembly and nitrogen metabolic characteristics of three size-fractionated microorganism groups in the ecological floating bed area,using 18S rDNA,16S rDNA metabarcoding,and metagenomic sequencing techniques.Firstly,we discovered substantial differences between size-fractionated groups in the diversity and compositions of both microeukaryotic and bacterial communities,as well as the influences of floating beds on specific groups.The floating beds appeared to provide more habitats for heterotrophs and symbiotes while potentially inhibiting the growth of certain phytoplankton(cyanobacteria).Secondly,we observed that microeukaryotic and bacterial communities were predominantly influenced by stochastic and deterministic processes,respectively,and they both exhibited distinct patterns across different size-fractionated groups.Notably,microeukaryotic community assembly demonstrated a greater sensitivity to ecological floating beds,as indicated by an increase in dispersal limitation processes.Finally,the nitrogen metabolism functional genes revealed that microbes associated with large-sized particles played a crucial role in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)and denitrification processes within the floating bed area,thereby facilitating the removal of excess nitrogen nutrients from the water.In contrast,freeliving microorganisms from small-sized groups were linked mainly to the genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(ANRA)processes.These findings help understand the impact of ecological floating beds on the diversity and functional characteristics of microorganism communities in different size-fractionated groups.展开更多
With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pes...With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields.However,their continuous and excessive use has caused significant harm to non-target organisms,including humans,while also leading to a severe decline in soil health due to their indiscriminate and unbalanced application.Hence,serious efforts are needed to control this mounting problem of soil and environmental pollution.One effective strategy involves using microorganisms capable of solubilizing nutrients and breaking down pesticides.These microorganisms improve crop nutrient absorption by solubilizing essential nutrients and simultaneously degrade pesticide residues in soil.Utilizing this ability of microorganisms to degrade agrochemicals,microbial remediation offers a dependable and economical method for reducing the effects of such unwarranted contaminants.This review presents an extensive overview of pesticide use as well as microorganisms in soil as pesticide degraders,nutrient mobilizers(phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P),potassium(K),and zinc(Zn)),and plant growth promoters for preventing the unsustainable exploitation of natural reserves.This review aims to highlight the diverse benefits these microorganisms offer across various domains while presenting an exciting opportunity to advance sustainable agriculture and firstly establishes a connection between nutrient solubilization and pesticide degradation mediated by microorganisms.It also offers a comprehensive bibliographic review of the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for solubilizing nutrients,such as P,K,and Zn,and degrading pesticides as well.展开更多
Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia c...Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and some pathogens.Nevertheless,microbial sRNAs from extreme environments such as the polar regions and deep sea have recently been discovered and analyzed for their unique roles in stress response,metabolic regulation and adaptation to extreme environments.These sRNAs fine-tune gene expression during oxidative and radiation stress,and modulate temperature and osmotic pressure responses.Representative sRNAs and their functions in thermophilic,psychrophilic,halophilic and radiation-tolerant bacteria are summarized in this review.Despite challenges in sample collection,RNA isolation,and functional annotation,the study of sRNAs in extreme environments provides opportunities for discovering novel regulatory mechanisms,applying them to biotechnology,and advancing our understanding of evolutionary adaptations.Looking ahead,high-throughput sequencing,synthetic biology,and multi-omics integration will bring new breakthroughs in discovering novel sRNAs and their functions and regulatory mechanisms.Such advancements are poised to enable comprehensive characterization of sRNA-mediated regulatory networks in extremophiles and unlock their biotechnological potential through mechanism-driven applications.展开更多
The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic fi...The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.展开更多
In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,emphasized the crucial role of rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment outcomes.Laboratory-on-a-chip(LOC)technology has...In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,emphasized the crucial role of rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment outcomes.Laboratory-on-a-chip(LOC)technology has emerged as a transformative tool in health care,offering rapid,sensitive,and specific identification of microorganisms.This editorial provides a comprehensive overview of LOC technology,highlighting its principles,advantages,applications,challenges,and future directions.Success studies from the field have demonstrated the practical benefits of LOC devices in clinical diagnostics,epidemiology,and food safety.Comparative studies have underscored the superiority of LOC technology over traditional methods,showcasing improvements in speed,accuracy,and portability.The future integration of LOC with biosensors,artificial intelligence,and data analytics promises further innovation and expansion.This call to action emphasizes the importance of continued research,investment,and adoption to realize the full potential of LOC technology in improving healthcare outcomes worldwide.展开更多
[Objectives]To systematically investigate the microbial community composition of rhizosphere soil and endophytes associated with Pogostemon cablin,and to explore the relationships between endophytes and rhizosphere mi...[Objectives]To systematically investigate the microbial community composition of rhizosphere soil and endophytes associated with Pogostemon cablin,and to explore the relationships between endophytes and rhizosphere microorganisms as well as their potential applications.[Methods]Microbial isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil,root tissues,and stem tissues using the serial dilution and spread plate method.These isolates were identified through morphological characterization,physiological and biochemical assays,and molecular biological techniques.[Results]A total of 18 microbial strains were isolated,including 7 bacterial and 11 fungal strains.Among the bacterial isolates,Pseudomonas spp.and Bacillus spp.were predominant,while the fungal isolates were mainly represented by Aspergillus spp.Certain bacterial strains,notably Pseudomonas spp.,exhibited potential abilities for indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)production,nitrogen fixation,and antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms,suggesting their potential utility as biocontrol agents and promoters of plant growth.[Conclusions]This study establishes a foundational understanding of the microbial community characteristics in the rhizosphere and tissues of P.cablin,as well as their roles in plant growth and development.展开更多
In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis o...In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of male infertility or hypofertility is often made by a simple laboratory analysis of sperm to explore sperm parameters. In most African countries, such as Burkina Faso, microbiological analysis in the context of sperm analysis is still not developed, and is carried out solely based on microscopy and traditional culture, which does not allow the growth of fragile and demanding bacteria. Our study investigated the microorganisms of sperm that may be involved in male infertility, using conventional bacteriology techniques and real-time PCR. However, it did not intend to perform a multivariate statistical association analysis to estimate the association of microorganisms with abnormal semen parameters. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out on patients who visited the bacteriology laboratory of Centre MURAZ, a research Institute in Burkina Faso, for male infertility diagnosis between 2 August and 31 August 2021. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology techniques. In parallel, common pathogenic microorganisms known to be associated with male infertility were targeted and detected in the sperm using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. A total of 38 sperm samples were analyzed by bacteriological culture and bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 5.55%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) and Staphylococcus hoemalyticus (S. hoemalyticus) respectively 2.70%. Real-time PCR targeted and detected Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) at 7.89%, Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) at 21.05%, Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) at 18.42%, Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) at 15.79%, Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) at 10.53% and Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) at 2.63%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) was targeted by the real-time PCR assay and was not detected (0%) in the tested semen samples. Our study highlights critical limitations of culture performance (low sensitivity), particularly in Burkina Faso, which has a total inability to detect microorganisms (fragile and demanding microorganisms) detected by PCR-based assays. There is therefore an urgent need to at least optimize culture, procedures and algorithms for detection of microorganisms associated with male infertility in clinical laboratories of Burkina Faso. The most effective solution is the routine implementation of molecular diagnostic methods.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyi...[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.展开更多
Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifer...Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifers tend to accumulate and transport substantial quantities of bacteria,fungi,and other microorganisms present in aquatic environments.Sustainable and efficient methods for suppressing pathogenic microorganisms in B.plicatilis cultures while simultaneously improving its safety and quality as a live feed in aquaculture remain underdeveloped.To address this gap,we investigated the effects of aquatic effective microorganisms(EMs)on the population density and microbial community structure of B.plicatilis under extensive culture conditions.We monitored changes in B.plicatilis population density in response to varying concentrations of the EM inoculants.The diversity,composition,and temporal dynamics of the intestinal and surface microbiota at an optimal EM inoculant concentration and analyzed microbial community dynamics through high-throughput sequencing,which allowed for a precise evaluation of the effects on microbial diversity.Results demonstrated that treatment with a 1.0%EM inoculant for 24 h considerably increased B.plicatilis density while effectively reducing the load of harmful pathogenic microorganisms.Additionally,these results suggest that EM inoculation regulates microbial community structure by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria without introducing residual environmental contaminants.Overall,this study offers a viable approach for sustaining aquaculture practices,contributing to global food security initiatives by promoting environmentally friendly and safe fish feed production.展开更多
The extreme environment of the polar regions has driven the evolution of unique metabolic mechanisms in microorganisms,resulting in structurally diverse and highly active secondary metabolites.These metabolites are no...The extreme environment of the polar regions has driven the evolution of unique metabolic mechanisms in microorganisms,resulting in structurally diverse and highly active secondary metabolites.These metabolites are not only crucial for microbial adaptation to extreme conditions,but also exhibit significant potential for applications in medicine,agriculture(e.g.,biocontrol),and industry.This review provides a comprehensive overview of 111 secondary metabolites derived from polar microorganisms reported between 2013 and 2025,with a focus on advances in their classification,biological activities,and biosynthetic gene cluster mining techniques.Additionally,it highlights key strategies for advancing future investigations,providing a valuable reference for continued exploration in this promising field.Notably,polar microbial secondary metabolites also hold promising applications in agriculture,particularly in biocontrol,soil health enhancement,and stress-resistant crop development.展开更多
Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading re...Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The expe...[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.展开更多
Using traditional microbiological culture method,under laboratory conditions,different concentrations of Cr6＋ were selected for stress culture on Pistia stratiote,Sagittaria sagittifolia and Myriophyllum spicatum.Thr...Using traditional microbiological culture method,under laboratory conditions,different concentrations of Cr6＋ were selected for stress culture on Pistia stratiote,Sagittaria sagittifolia and Myriophyllum spicatum.Through determination of the rhizosphere microorganism and the nitrogen cycle bacteria change of three kinds of aquatic macrophytes,the tolerance of rhizosphere microorganism to Cr6＋ was studied.The results showed that the sensitivity of microorganisms could be summarized as：actinomycete bacteria fungi,it has no obvious regularity about tolerance of 3 microorganisms;while the effects demonstrated their specificity on ammonification bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,nitrosococcus bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.展开更多
The function of microorganism and dissolution reaction pathway of carrollite in the bioleaching process were investigated. The results showed that both indirect and contact mechanisms influenced the leaching process. ...The function of microorganism and dissolution reaction pathway of carrollite in the bioleaching process were investigated. The results showed that both indirect and contact mechanisms influenced the leaching process. The dissolution of carrollite was significantly accelerated when bacteria were adsorbed on the mineral surface, indicating that the contact mechanism significantly affected the dissolution of carrollite. During bioleaching, the sequence of oxidation state of the sulfur moiety of carrollite was as follows： S？2→S0→S＋4→S＋6. Elemental sulfur precipitated on the mineral surface, indicating that the dissolution of carrollite occurred via the polysulfide pathway. The surface of carrollite was selectively corroded by bacteria, and oxidation pits with different sizes were observed at various sites. Elemental sulfur, sulfate and sulfite were present on the surface of carrollite during the leaching process, and may have formed a passivation layer on mineral surface.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorgan...[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.展开更多
Recently,returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution.Meanwhile,the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next...Recently,returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution.Meanwhile,the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop.This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms(RMs)on straw decomposition,bacterial microbial community structure,soil properties,and soil enzyme activity.The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil,reaching 39.52%,which was 41.37%higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return.After 30 d,straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups.According to the soil physicochemical parameters,the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup,and increased the urease,sucrase,and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%.The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid.The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability,which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition.Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw,proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.展开更多
Oyster shell soil conditioner had significant influence on soil and rhizospheric microorganisms in their biomass,respiratory intensity and nutritional requirement. It could stimulate growth of soil and rhizospheric mi...Oyster shell soil conditioner had significant influence on soil and rhizospheric microorganisms in their biomass,respiratory intensity and nutritional requirement. It could stimulate growth of soil and rhizospheric microorganisms, especially nitrogen-fixers, and intensify soil respiration in proportion to the dose and fertilizing time of the conditioner, leading to the increase in the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the decrease in the number of bacteria with special nutrition demands.展开更多
Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important pa...Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important part of environmental risk assessment. Using transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental homologous conventional cotton Shiyuan 321 as the study objects, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in enzyme activities （urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase） of the rhizosphere soil and changes in the number of culturable microor-ganisms （bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes） at different growth stages （seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage, and bol opening stage） of sGK321 and Shiyuan 321 under the condition of 13 years field plantings. The results showed that, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete and the soil enzyme activi-ties of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase had a similar variation trend along with the cotton growing process for transgenic cotton and conventional cotton. Some occasional and inconsistent effects on soil enzyme activities and soil fungi composi-tion in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton were found at the seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage as compared with that of conventional cotton. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different during a certain stage; however, the activities of urease, catalase, alkaline phos-phatase, also with the number of fungi were significantly different, e.g. the urease activities at seedling stage, the alkaline phosphatase at seedling and budding stages, and the soil culturable fungi at flower and bol stage were less than that of conven-tional cotton, while the soil alkaline phosphatase activities at flower and bol stage were higher. Cluster analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and microbial popu-lation changed mainly along the growth processes, suffering little from the planting of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton.展开更多
As a result of the Aral Sea shrinkage, the unique freshwater body has given place to a huge bitter-saline lake with an area 3.5 times less, volume 6 times less and water salinity 10 times larger than in 1960, and the ...As a result of the Aral Sea shrinkage, the unique freshwater body has given place to a huge bitter-saline lake with an area 3.5 times less, volume 6 times less and water salinity 10 times larger than in 1960, and the saline desert at the interface between three sand deserts with an area of more than 5 million ha, being unstable ecological zone. The exposed ground is illustrative of arid salt-accumulation, where was created specific type of soil-costal solonchak. The origination of life in the soil of the dried bed starts long before the occurrence of external characteristics. This process can be traced only by studying the microbiological composition of soil. Research in this direction, was conducted in order to determine the microbiological composition of soil for horizons of one typical profile of solonchak. The research objective was to determine microorganism species in the soil on the dried seabed, identify changes in the microorganism community along the soil profile and dependence on duration of the drying process. Additionally, we paid attention to a vegetation effect on the composition of microorganisms. Soil samples were taken along a transect from the sea to the mainland, selected from the different depth of soil profiles taken under or near plant (saxaul). The method Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry was used. Bacteria of the community of microorganisms in different parts of the soil cover on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea and on the mainland belong to five bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Firmicutes Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus. In general, 59 bacterial species of 43 genera were reconstructed. The total population varied from 105 cells/g to 108 cells/g of the soil. The association Aeromonas hydrophila-Arthrobacter sp. played the key role at the first stages of the soil formation process on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea. This association is followed by salt-resistant Agrobacterium sp. and humus-accumulating Propionibacterium freudenreichii, activity of which is also very important for the formation of the soil cover. The studying properties of the dried seabed cover of both salt composition and microbiological composition made it possible to trace the formation of primary soil on marine sediments with the subsequent formation of desert-type soil.展开更多
The method to analyze both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms without preliminary microbial information of sample seemed to be useful not only for research and investigation of microorganisms but also for indus...The method to analyze both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms without preliminary microbial information of sample seemed to be useful not only for research and investigation of microorganisms but also for industry using microorganisms. In the present manuscript, preparation of a new DNA primers, new reference database for 18S rDNA for our newly developed method [1]- [3], and analyses of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in fermentation products were presented. In komekouji, Aspergillus spp., was enumerated to be 46.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>, and Penicillium spp., was enumerated to be 1.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>. In dry yeast, Saccharomyces group, were enumerated to be 8600 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>. In komekouji-miso, no eukaryotic microorganism was detected, while the other Bacillus spp., was numerically dominant (21.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>) as prokaryotic microorganisms, followed by B. subtilis group (4.65 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), and the other Firmicutes (3.7 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>). The komekouji-miso included lower number of Actinobacteria (0.15 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), Burkhokderia sp. (1.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), and the other α,β,γ-proteobacteria (0.12 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>). In sake-kasu, both prokaryote and eukaryote were not detected by the method. Present results indicated that using both universal primers for eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, each groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were enumerated without any preliminary information nor setting up standard curve, which were required for real time PCR.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42141003,42176147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0802204)the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration(USER)(Nos.USER2021-1,USER2021-5)。
文摘Ecological floating bed is an important biological remediation method for water pollution control.During the removal of excess nutrients and pollutants,changes in environmental factors affect the characteristics of microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.To understand the influences of ecological floating beds on size-fractionated microorganisms,we investigated the community assembly and nitrogen metabolic characteristics of three size-fractionated microorganism groups in the ecological floating bed area,using 18S rDNA,16S rDNA metabarcoding,and metagenomic sequencing techniques.Firstly,we discovered substantial differences between size-fractionated groups in the diversity and compositions of both microeukaryotic and bacterial communities,as well as the influences of floating beds on specific groups.The floating beds appeared to provide more habitats for heterotrophs and symbiotes while potentially inhibiting the growth of certain phytoplankton(cyanobacteria).Secondly,we observed that microeukaryotic and bacterial communities were predominantly influenced by stochastic and deterministic processes,respectively,and they both exhibited distinct patterns across different size-fractionated groups.Notably,microeukaryotic community assembly demonstrated a greater sensitivity to ecological floating beds,as indicated by an increase in dispersal limitation processes.Finally,the nitrogen metabolism functional genes revealed that microbes associated with large-sized particles played a crucial role in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)and denitrification processes within the floating bed area,thereby facilitating the removal of excess nitrogen nutrients from the water.In contrast,freeliving microorganisms from small-sized groups were linked mainly to the genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(ANRA)processes.These findings help understand the impact of ecological floating beds on the diversity and functional characteristics of microorganism communities in different size-fractionated groups.
基金the University Grant Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India,for supporting this work by providing a fellowship under the scheme of National Eligibility Test for Junior Research Fellowship(NET-JRF),India(No.210510284434)Financial support from the Core Research Grant by Science and Engineering Research Board,India(No.SERB-CRG/2022/002534)is appreciated。
文摘With the changing climate and escalating population,there will be extreme pressure on agricultural food production to ensure global food security.Traditional agricultural practices have relied heavily on hazardous pesticides and chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields.However,their continuous and excessive use has caused significant harm to non-target organisms,including humans,while also leading to a severe decline in soil health due to their indiscriminate and unbalanced application.Hence,serious efforts are needed to control this mounting problem of soil and environmental pollution.One effective strategy involves using microorganisms capable of solubilizing nutrients and breaking down pesticides.These microorganisms improve crop nutrient absorption by solubilizing essential nutrients and simultaneously degrade pesticide residues in soil.Utilizing this ability of microorganisms to degrade agrochemicals,microbial remediation offers a dependable and economical method for reducing the effects of such unwarranted contaminants.This review presents an extensive overview of pesticide use as well as microorganisms in soil as pesticide degraders,nutrient mobilizers(phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P),potassium(K),and zinc(Zn)),and plant growth promoters for preventing the unsustainable exploitation of natural reserves.This review aims to highlight the diverse benefits these microorganisms offer across various domains while presenting an exciting opportunity to advance sustainable agriculture and firstly establishes a connection between nutrient solubilization and pesticide degradation mediated by microorganisms.It also offers a comprehensive bibliographic review of the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms for solubilizing nutrients,such as P,K,and Zn,and degrading pesticides as well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.42476264,41976224).
文摘Small RNAs(sRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that usually play crucial roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The sRNAs have mostly been investigated in model microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and some pathogens.Nevertheless,microbial sRNAs from extreme environments such as the polar regions and deep sea have recently been discovered and analyzed for their unique roles in stress response,metabolic regulation and adaptation to extreme environments.These sRNAs fine-tune gene expression during oxidative and radiation stress,and modulate temperature and osmotic pressure responses.Representative sRNAs and their functions in thermophilic,psychrophilic,halophilic and radiation-tolerant bacteria are summarized in this review.Despite challenges in sample collection,RNA isolation,and functional annotation,the study of sRNAs in extreme environments provides opportunities for discovering novel regulatory mechanisms,applying them to biotechnology,and advancing our understanding of evolutionary adaptations.Looking ahead,high-throughput sequencing,synthetic biology,and multi-omics integration will bring new breakthroughs in discovering novel sRNAs and their functions and regulatory mechanisms.Such advancements are poised to enable comprehensive characterization of sRNA-mediated regulatory networks in extremophiles and unlock their biotechnological potential through mechanism-driven applications.
文摘The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.
文摘In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,emphasized the crucial role of rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment outcomes.Laboratory-on-a-chip(LOC)technology has emerged as a transformative tool in health care,offering rapid,sensitive,and specific identification of microorganisms.This editorial provides a comprehensive overview of LOC technology,highlighting its principles,advantages,applications,challenges,and future directions.Success studies from the field have demonstrated the practical benefits of LOC devices in clinical diagnostics,epidemiology,and food safety.Comparative studies have underscored the superiority of LOC technology over traditional methods,showcasing improvements in speed,accuracy,and portability.The future integration of LOC with biosensors,artificial intelligence,and data analytics promises further innovation and expansion.This call to action emphasizes the importance of continued research,investment,and adoption to realize the full potential of LOC technology in improving healthcare outcomes worldwide.
基金Supported by Rural Science and Technology Commissioner Project of Guangdong Province(KTP20240806).
文摘[Objectives]To systematically investigate the microbial community composition of rhizosphere soil and endophytes associated with Pogostemon cablin,and to explore the relationships between endophytes and rhizosphere microorganisms as well as their potential applications.[Methods]Microbial isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil,root tissues,and stem tissues using the serial dilution and spread plate method.These isolates were identified through morphological characterization,physiological and biochemical assays,and molecular biological techniques.[Results]A total of 18 microbial strains were isolated,including 7 bacterial and 11 fungal strains.Among the bacterial isolates,Pseudomonas spp.and Bacillus spp.were predominant,while the fungal isolates were mainly represented by Aspergillus spp.Certain bacterial strains,notably Pseudomonas spp.,exhibited potential abilities for indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)production,nitrogen fixation,and antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms,suggesting their potential utility as biocontrol agents and promoters of plant growth.[Conclusions]This study establishes a foundational understanding of the microbial community characteristics in the rhizosphere and tissues of P.cablin,as well as their roles in plant growth and development.
文摘In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of male infertility or hypofertility is often made by a simple laboratory analysis of sperm to explore sperm parameters. In most African countries, such as Burkina Faso, microbiological analysis in the context of sperm analysis is still not developed, and is carried out solely based on microscopy and traditional culture, which does not allow the growth of fragile and demanding bacteria. Our study investigated the microorganisms of sperm that may be involved in male infertility, using conventional bacteriology techniques and real-time PCR. However, it did not intend to perform a multivariate statistical association analysis to estimate the association of microorganisms with abnormal semen parameters. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out on patients who visited the bacteriology laboratory of Centre MURAZ, a research Institute in Burkina Faso, for male infertility diagnosis between 2 August and 31 August 2021. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology techniques. In parallel, common pathogenic microorganisms known to be associated with male infertility were targeted and detected in the sperm using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. A total of 38 sperm samples were analyzed by bacteriological culture and bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 5.55%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) and Staphylococcus hoemalyticus (S. hoemalyticus) respectively 2.70%. Real-time PCR targeted and detected Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) at 7.89%, Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) at 21.05%, Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) at 18.42%, Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) at 15.79%, Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) at 10.53% and Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) at 2.63%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) was targeted by the real-time PCR assay and was not detected (0%) in the tested semen samples. Our study highlights critical limitations of culture performance (low sensitivity), particularly in Burkina Faso, which has a total inability to detect microorganisms (fragile and demanding microorganisms) detected by PCR-based assays. There is therefore an urgent need to at least optimize culture, procedures and algorithms for detection of microorganisms associated with male infertility in clinical laboratories of Burkina Faso. The most effective solution is the routine implementation of molecular diagnostic methods.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(320MS108)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of the National Center for Tropical Agricultural Science,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(CATASCXTD202303)Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,or Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops(2019xys007).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.
基金the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202410019070)the Yantai City Campus Integration Project:Marine Animal Nutrition and Disease Prevention and Control Technology Support Platform。
文摘Brachionus plicatilis,a type of rotifer,is a vital live feed in marine aquaculture,particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustacean larvae.However,under high-density culture conditions,rotifers tend to accumulate and transport substantial quantities of bacteria,fungi,and other microorganisms present in aquatic environments.Sustainable and efficient methods for suppressing pathogenic microorganisms in B.plicatilis cultures while simultaneously improving its safety and quality as a live feed in aquaculture remain underdeveloped.To address this gap,we investigated the effects of aquatic effective microorganisms(EMs)on the population density and microbial community structure of B.plicatilis under extensive culture conditions.We monitored changes in B.plicatilis population density in response to varying concentrations of the EM inoculants.The diversity,composition,and temporal dynamics of the intestinal and surface microbiota at an optimal EM inoculant concentration and analyzed microbial community dynamics through high-throughput sequencing,which allowed for a precise evaluation of the effects on microbial diversity.Results demonstrated that treatment with a 1.0%EM inoculant for 24 h considerably increased B.plicatilis density while effectively reducing the load of harmful pathogenic microorganisms.Additionally,these results suggest that EM inoculation regulates microbial community structure by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria without introducing residual environmental contaminants.Overall,this study offers a viable approach for sustaining aquaculture practices,contributing to global food security initiatives by promoting environmentally friendly and safe fish feed production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.32130109,41761134050).
文摘The extreme environment of the polar regions has driven the evolution of unique metabolic mechanisms in microorganisms,resulting in structurally diverse and highly active secondary metabolites.These metabolites are not only crucial for microbial adaptation to extreme conditions,but also exhibit significant potential for applications in medicine,agriculture(e.g.,biocontrol),and industry.This review provides a comprehensive overview of 111 secondary metabolites derived from polar microorganisms reported between 2013 and 2025,with a focus on advances in their classification,biological activities,and biosynthetic gene cluster mining techniques.Additionally,it highlights key strategies for advancing future investigations,providing a valuable reference for continued exploration in this promising field.Notably,polar microbial secondary metabolites also hold promising applications in agriculture,particularly in biocontrol,soil health enhancement,and stress-resistant crop development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20153,and 32101319).
文摘Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.
基金Supported by Human Resources and Social Security Department Students Abroad Science and Technology Activities Preferred Foundation (Human and Social Council Issued 2008-86)Talent Development Fund Project in Jilin Province (Jilin 2007-259)+6 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project (20060577 )Technology Project Jilin Provincial Ministry of Education (200943520061132007169)The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry (2005-546 )Science Foundation of Changchun Teachers University (2009002)Northeast Normal University Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholar (20050406)~~
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.
基金Supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project(2008ZC161M)~~
文摘Using traditional microbiological culture method,under laboratory conditions,different concentrations of Cr6＋ were selected for stress culture on Pistia stratiote,Sagittaria sagittifolia and Myriophyllum spicatum.Through determination of the rhizosphere microorganism and the nitrogen cycle bacteria change of three kinds of aquatic macrophytes,the tolerance of rhizosphere microorganism to Cr6＋ was studied.The results showed that the sensitivity of microorganisms could be summarized as：actinomycete bacteria fungi,it has no obvious regularity about tolerance of 3 microorganisms;while the effects demonstrated their specificity on ammonification bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,nitrosococcus bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
基金Project(2012AA061502)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(51374066,51304047)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012223002)supported by Industrial Research Projects in Liaoning Province,China
文摘The function of microorganism and dissolution reaction pathway of carrollite in the bioleaching process were investigated. The results showed that both indirect and contact mechanisms influenced the leaching process. The dissolution of carrollite was significantly accelerated when bacteria were adsorbed on the mineral surface, indicating that the contact mechanism significantly affected the dissolution of carrollite. During bioleaching, the sequence of oxidation state of the sulfur moiety of carrollite was as follows： S？2→S0→S＋4→S＋6. Elemental sulfur precipitated on the mineral surface, indicating that the dissolution of carrollite occurred via the polysulfide pathway. The surface of carrollite was selectively corroded by bacteria, and oxidation pits with different sizes were observed at various sites. Elemental sulfur, sulfate and sulfite were present on the surface of carrollite during the leaching process, and may have formed a passivation layer on mineral surface.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960256,31060314)Project of Yunnan Education Department(V09Y0202)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52160002,21707057,and 31860595)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20192BAB213018).
文摘Recently,returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution.Meanwhile,the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop.This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms(RMs)on straw decomposition,bacterial microbial community structure,soil properties,and soil enzyme activity.The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil,reaching 39.52%,which was 41.37%higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return.After 30 d,straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups.According to the soil physicochemical parameters,the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup,and increased the urease,sucrase,and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%.The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid.The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability,which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition.Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw,proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.
基金support from the 863 National High-Technology Program of China(819-07-10).
文摘Oyster shell soil conditioner had significant influence on soil and rhizospheric microorganisms in their biomass,respiratory intensity and nutritional requirement. It could stimulate growth of soil and rhizospheric microorganisms, especially nitrogen-fixers, and intensify soil respiration in proportion to the dose and fertilizing time of the conditioner, leading to the increase in the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the decrease in the number of bacteria with special nutrition demands.
文摘Due to its strong and effective insecticidal properties, transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton has witnessed an expanding planting area in recent years, and the impact of its cultivation on soil ecosystem becomes an important part of environmental risk assessment. Using transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton sGK321 and its parental homologous conventional cotton Shiyuan 321 as the study objects, a comparative analysis was conducted on the changes in enzyme activities （urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase） of the rhizosphere soil and changes in the number of culturable microor-ganisms （bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes） at different growth stages （seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage, and bol opening stage） of sGK321 and Shiyuan 321 under the condition of 13 years field plantings. The results showed that, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete and the soil enzyme activi-ties of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase had a similar variation trend along with the cotton growing process for transgenic cotton and conventional cotton. Some occasional and inconsistent effects on soil enzyme activities and soil fungi composi-tion in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton were found at the seedling stage, budding stage, flower and bol stage as compared with that of conventional cotton. The amount of bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different during a certain stage; however, the activities of urease, catalase, alkaline phos-phatase, also with the number of fungi were significantly different, e.g. the urease activities at seedling stage, the alkaline phosphatase at seedling and budding stages, and the soil culturable fungi at flower and bol stage were less than that of conven-tional cotton, while the soil alkaline phosphatase activities at flower and bol stage were higher. Cluster analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and microbial popu-lation changed mainly along the growth processes, suffering little from the planting of transgenic Bt＋CpTI cotton.
文摘As a result of the Aral Sea shrinkage, the unique freshwater body has given place to a huge bitter-saline lake with an area 3.5 times less, volume 6 times less and water salinity 10 times larger than in 1960, and the saline desert at the interface between three sand deserts with an area of more than 5 million ha, being unstable ecological zone. The exposed ground is illustrative of arid salt-accumulation, where was created specific type of soil-costal solonchak. The origination of life in the soil of the dried bed starts long before the occurrence of external characteristics. This process can be traced only by studying the microbiological composition of soil. Research in this direction, was conducted in order to determine the microbiological composition of soil for horizons of one typical profile of solonchak. The research objective was to determine microorganism species in the soil on the dried seabed, identify changes in the microorganism community along the soil profile and dependence on duration of the drying process. Additionally, we paid attention to a vegetation effect on the composition of microorganisms. Soil samples were taken along a transect from the sea to the mainland, selected from the different depth of soil profiles taken under or near plant (saxaul). The method Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry was used. Bacteria of the community of microorganisms in different parts of the soil cover on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea and on the mainland belong to five bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Firmicutes Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus. In general, 59 bacterial species of 43 genera were reconstructed. The total population varied from 105 cells/g to 108 cells/g of the soil. The association Aeromonas hydrophila-Arthrobacter sp. played the key role at the first stages of the soil formation process on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea. This association is followed by salt-resistant Agrobacterium sp. and humus-accumulating Propionibacterium freudenreichii, activity of which is also very important for the formation of the soil cover. The studying properties of the dried seabed cover of both salt composition and microbiological composition made it possible to trace the formation of primary soil on marine sediments with the subsequent formation of desert-type soil.
文摘The method to analyze both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms without preliminary microbial information of sample seemed to be useful not only for research and investigation of microorganisms but also for industry using microorganisms. In the present manuscript, preparation of a new DNA primers, new reference database for 18S rDNA for our newly developed method [1]- [3], and analyses of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in fermentation products were presented. In komekouji, Aspergillus spp., was enumerated to be 46.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>, and Penicillium spp., was enumerated to be 1.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>. In dry yeast, Saccharomyces group, were enumerated to be 8600 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>. In komekouji-miso, no eukaryotic microorganism was detected, while the other Bacillus spp., was numerically dominant (21.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>) as prokaryotic microorganisms, followed by B. subtilis group (4.65 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), and the other Firmicutes (3.7 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>). The komekouji-miso included lower number of Actinobacteria (0.15 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), Burkhokderia sp. (1.5 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>), and the other α,β,γ-proteobacteria (0.12 × 106 MPN g<sup>-1</sup>). In sake-kasu, both prokaryote and eukaryote were not detected by the method. Present results indicated that using both universal primers for eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, each groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were enumerated without any preliminary information nor setting up standard curve, which were required for real time PCR.
