Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of wh...Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of whole foods is the primary source of micronutrients;supplementation is sometimes necessary.Both deficiency and excess of these nutrients have adverse effects.Common deficiencies include iron,folate,iodine,zinc,and vitamin A,which can present clinically as a syndrome.Micronutrient deficiencies(MNDs)are common contributors to intellectual impairments,poor growth,perinatal complications,and increased risk for morbidity and mortality.Excess of a select few of these nutrients can result in conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and diarrhea.Interventions,including supplementation,fortification,and biofortification,can help combat MNDs.This article reviews some common micronutrient imbalances,their clinical manifestations,and treatment interventions.展开更多
Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length...Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length(TL)and mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc)is unknown.Objectives:We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient(MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein(BEP)and iron-folic acid(IFA)supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome.Design:We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso,among pregnant females(15-40 years old)enrolled at<21 weeks of gestation.Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA(intervention)or IFA only(control)throughout pregnancy.Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants,respectively.Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms.Results:We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL[β=-0.010(95%CI:-0.057,0.036);P=0.662]or mtDNAc[β=0.065(95%CI:-0.203,0.073);P=0.354],as compared to an IFA tablet alone.These findings were confirmed(P>0.05)by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment.Exploratory analyses indicated higher,but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age,low birthweight,or preterm.Conclusion:Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.展开更多
Paddy fields in mining areas are usually co-contaminated by a cocktail of mixed toxic heavy metals （e.g., Cd and Pb in Pb/Zn mines）. However, previous studies on rice cultivars screened for effective metal exclusion...Paddy fields in mining areas are usually co-contaminated by a cocktail of mixed toxic heavy metals （e.g., Cd and Pb in Pb/Zn mines）. However, previous studies on rice cultivars screened for effective metal exclusion have mostly focused on individual metals, and have been conducted under pot-trial or hydroponic solution conditions. This study identified rice cultlvars with both low Cd and Pb accumulation under Cd- and Pb-contaminated field conditions, and the interactions of the toxic elements Cd and Pb with the micronutrient elements Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni were also studied. Among 32 rice cultivars tested, there were significant differences in Cd （0.06-0.59 mg/kg） and Pb （0.25-3.15 mg/kg） levels in their brown rice, and similar results were also found for the micronutrient elements. Significant decreases in concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected with increasing Cd concentrations and a significant elevation in Fe, Mn and Ni with increasing Pb concentrations. A similar result was also shown by Cd and Ni. Three cultivars were identified with a combination of low brown rice Cd and Pb, high micronutrient and grain yield （Wufengyou 2168, Tianyou 196 and Guinongzhan）. Present results suggest that it is possible to breed rice eultivars with low mixed toxic element （Cd, Pb） and high micronutrient contents along with high grain yields, thus ensuring food safety and quality.展开更多
AIM: To assess the extent of micronutrient and oxidative stress in blood and to examine their linkages with viral loads in chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels were quantified in th...AIM: To assess the extent of micronutrient and oxidative stress in blood and to examine their linkages with viral loads in chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels were quantified in the serum from 37 previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. The plasma and erythrocyte micronutrients (zinc, selenium, copper, and iron) were estimated, and malondialdehyde (MDA)contents were determined as a marker to detect oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in blood were also measured. The control group contained 31 healthy volunteers.RESULTS: The contents of zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly lower in hepatitis C patients than in the controls. On the contrary,copper (Cu) levels were significantly higher. Furthermore,plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels, and the SOD and GR activities in erythrocytes significantly increased in hepatitis C patients compared to the controls. However, the plasma GPX activity in patients was markedly lower. Plasma Se (r= -0.730, P<0.05), Cu (r = 0.635), and GPX (r = -0.675)demonstrated correlations with HCV-RNA loads. Significant correlation coefficients were also observed between HCV-RNA levels and erythrocyte Zn (r = -0.403), Se (r = -0.544), Cu (r = 0.701) and MDA (r = 0.629) and GR (r = 0.441).CONCLUSION: The levels of Zn, Se, Cu, and oxidative stress (MDA), as well as related anti-oxidative enzymes (GR and GPX) in blood have important impact on the viral factors in chronic hepatitis C. The distribution of these parameters might be significant biomarkers for HCV.展开更多
It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are ...It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are widely prevalent among populations living in the third world countries.Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection has a high prevalence throughout the world.Deficiencies of several micronutrients due to H pylori infection may be concomitantly present and vary from subtle sub-clinical states to severe clinical disorders.These essential trace elements/ micronutrients are involved in host defense mechanisms, maintaining epithelial cell integrity,glycoprotein synthesis, transport mechanisms,myocardial contractility,brain development,cholesterol and glucose metabolism.In this paper H pylori infection in associaed with various micronutrients deficiencies is briefly reviewed.展开更多
Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification...Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification is considered a better option than fortification due to the easy control of nutrient deficiencies present in daily food.This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a micronutrient mixture(MNM)consisting of zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)on yield and flour quality of wheat.The results show the effectiveness of foliar feeding for growth and yield parameters,in addition to the enriching of wheat grains with Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and B.Compared to the control without foliar feeding,foliar application on wheat crop increased tillering ability,spike length,grain yield and the contents of Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe and B by 21,47,22,22 and 25%in wheat flour,respectively.Therefore,foliar feeding of micronutrients could be an effective approach to enrich wheat grains with essential nutrients for correcting malnutrition.展开更多
Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of...Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for ifve micronutrient concentrations were identiifed in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed signiifcant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efifciency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Objective To examine the effect of periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation on gestation and birth outcomes.Methods A population‐based community intervention program was conducted in 18 counties in China...Objective To examine the effect of periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation on gestation and birth outcomes.Methods A population‐based community intervention program was conducted in 18 counties in China.Participants were divided into an intervention group,who received multi‐micronutrient supplementation from at least 3 months before pregnancy throughout the first trimester,and a control group.Pregnant women were followed up to record information about birth outcomes.Maternal socio‐economic characteristics and main birth outcomes were evaluated.Gestational age was further analyzed using survival analysis,to determine the time distribution of delivery.Results Periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation was associated with higher birth weight,birth length and occipitofrontal head circumference,and with lower incidence rates for stillbirth,low birth weight,and preterm birth.Moreover,periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation changed the time distribution of delivery,making the deliveries more clustered in the period between day 275 and day 295 of gestation.Conclusion Our study shows that periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation is beneficial for fetal development and optimizes all measured aspects of health in neonates in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in China.The change in time distribution of deliveries caused by multi‐micronutrient supplementation needs further clarification.展开更多
Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients par...Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) is one of the major problems. Continuous rotation of rice and wheat, imbalanced fertilizer use and little/no use of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers induce deficiencies of Zn, B and Mn in the RWCS of South Asia. Here we review that (i) imbalanced fertilizer use and organic matter depletion deteriorate soil structure resulting in low efficiency of applied macro- and micro-nutrients in RWCS.(ii) The micronutrients (Zn, B and Mn) are essentially involved in metabolism of rice and wheat plants, including chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, enzyme activation and membrane integrity.(iii) Availability and uptake of Zn, B and Mn from rhizosphere depend on the physico-chemical soil properties (which differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) including soil pH, soil organic matter, soil moisture and interaction of these micronutrients with other nutrients.(iv) Plant ability to uptake and utilize the nutrients is affected by several plant factors such as root architecture, root hairs, transport kinetics parameter and root exudates.(v) Crop management and application of these microelements can help correct the micronutrients deficiency and enhance their grain concentration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple s...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), and cirrhosis. The factors that determine its evolution to more severe forms of the disease are still poorly understood, and micronutrients with antioxidant potential may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.AIM To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of micronutrients and the severity of NAFLD.METHODS A retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included all patients undergoing bariatric surgery who experienced liver biopsy during the procedure, and had serum levels of micronutrients(vitamin D,vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and magnesium), which was assessed in a preoperative evaluation conducted at a reference center in southern Brazil.RESULTS A total of 614 patients were analyzed, of which 93% had steatosis, 70.7% had NASH, and 49.3% had some degree of fibrosis. Serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 were positively correlated with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis. The other micronutrients showed no association with NAFLD staging.CONCLUSION Serum levels of vitamin D are inversely related to the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 are higher in more advanced stages of simple steatosis and liver fibrosis. Serum levels of zinc, iron, and magnesium were not associated with NAFLD severity.展开更多
Data gathered from the 1987 National Nutrition Survey in the Philippines provided the opportunity to study the interactions among micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in different age groups as basis for prog...Data gathered from the 1987 National Nutrition Survey in the Philippines provided the opportunity to study the interactions among micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in different age groups as basis for program targeting. A randomly selected set of 50% of the households (3,200) covered by the national survey served as source of subjects. Results showed that there was a greater proportion of anemia among the undernourished (as judged by weight for age in children and weight for height in adults) (66.0%)than among the adequately nourished (54.6%) (P <0.01 ). However, the observed differencesin the proportion of serum vitamin A deficiency and of goiter among the undernourished compared to the adequately nourished were not significant. Also not significant were the observed higher prevalence of anemia among subjects with acceptable serum vitamin A levels for both adequately nourished and undernourished, and the higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among the non-anemics. Again there were no significant differences in the prevalence of anemia among goitrous and non-goitrous subjects, as well as the prevalence of goiter among anemic and non-anemic subjects. Neither were there significant differences in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among goitrous and non-goitrous subjects, but there were significant differences in the prevalence of goiter among vitamin A deficient and non-vitamin A defjcient subjects among the 7-14 years old and among pregnant and lactating women.The study concludes that at the national level, there is apparently an interaction between anemia and protein-energy undernutrition and possibly also between goiter and vitamin A deficiency in the high-risk age groups, but between anemia on the one hand and goiter and vitamin A deficiency in the other, perhaps because of clustering in the latter conditions not found in anemia and general undernutrition. These findings may be useful in targeting communities with high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies by using prevalence of underweight and goiter as indicators for high prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency, respectively展开更多
Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrie...Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrient availability may be a sustainable way of enhancing agricultural productivity.Biosurfactants are generally less toxic than synthetic surfactants.The application of biosurfactants in agricultural soils is anticipated to improve nutrient status,increase wettability,and achieve a more even dissemination of complex nutrients.Numerous studies have evaluated the influence of biosurfactants on bioremediation,antimicrobial activity,and soil flushing efficiency.This manuscript reviews the possibility of employing biosurfactants to mobilize and solubilize soil nutrients and make them available to plants through the formation of metal-biosurfactant complexes.Although significant progress regarding an explanation of the mechanisms behind many biosurfactant-induced effects has been made,there are still many aspects of this area that are not sufficiently elucidated,such as differences in specificity for nutrients(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn)and toxins(e.g.,Cd and Pb).Biosurfactants from various isolates have been considered for their potential role in plant growth promotion and other applications related to improving the effectiveness of agricultural soils.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Micronutrient antioxidant therapy did not relieve pain in a European randomized trial of patients with chronic pancreatitis without malnutrition. However, intervention was undertaken only for 6 months lea...BACKGROUND： Micronutrient antioxidant therapy did not relieve pain in a European randomized trial of patients with chronic pancreatitis without malnutrition. However, intervention was undertaken only for 6 months leaving unanswered the question of whether long-term antioxidant therapy may modulate chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of long-term use of micronutrient antioxidant therapy in patients with chronic pancreatitis.METHODS： This is a single center clinical cohort report of patients with chronic pancreatitis prescribed micronutrient antioxidant therapy and followed for up to 10 years. Data were collected on demographic detail, clinic pain assessment, insulin requirements, interventions and outcome.RESULTS： A group of 30 patients with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis constitute the study population. Median age at time of diagnosis was 40 years（range 14-66）; 19（63%） were male and the median duration of symptoms was 2 years（range 0-18）. Alcohol was the dominant cause in 22（73%） patients and 16（53%） patients were Cambridge stage 1. Twenty-four（80%） patients had pain at presentation. During antioxidant treatment of 4 years（range 1-10）, pain decreased but the proportion with abdominal pain compared to those who were pain-free remained constant（P=0.16; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction）. There was a significant increase in requirement for insulin（P=0.028） with time together with use of both endoscopic and surgical interventions.CONCLUSIONS： This is the first study to report long-term disease-specific outcome in patients with chronic pancreatitis prescribed micronutrient antioxidant therapy. There appears to be no effect of intervention on outcome.展开更多
High nitrogen （N） input features China＇s intensive rice production system. To elucidate N and genotype effects on accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in grains of japonica rice, and to discuss its sig...High nitrogen （N） input features China＇s intensive rice production system. To elucidate N and genotype effects on accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in grains of japonica rice, and to discuss its significance in rice production, a three-year field experiment involving six japonica rice varieties and seven N treatments were performed. Macronutrients （Ca, Mg, K, and Na） and micronutrients （Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn） concentrations in brown and milled rice were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For macronutrients, no consistently significant effect of N was detected in both brown and milled rice. For micronutrients, N showed significant effect, especially in lowering Zn accumulation in brown and milled rice. In addition, N tended to increase Fe concentration in milled rice. Genotype showed larger effect on distribution of minerals in milled rice than N. The high-yielding variety, Wuyunjing 7, accumulated larger proportion of Mg, K, and Zn in the milled rice as compared with the other five varieties and could be of value for rice breeding programs aiming at high nutritional quality. The results demonstrated differences in response to N between macronutrients and micronutrients, and are of significance for coping with ＇hidden hunger＇ both in humans and crops through agronomical practices.展开更多
The main purpose of this research was to clarify the influence of the addition of iron(Fe)alone(0–100 mg/L)or 50 mg/L of Fe with 2 mg/L each of cobalt(Co),copper(Cu)and nickel(Ni)on the methanogenic activity of a mes...The main purpose of this research was to clarify the influence of the addition of iron(Fe)alone(0–100 mg/L)or 50 mg/L of Fe with 2 mg/L each of cobalt(Co),copper(Cu)and nickel(Ni)on the methanogenic activity of a mesophilic two-stage UASB system treating ethanol wastewater at a fixed chemical oxygen demand(COD)loading rate of 16 kg/m^(3)/day under a continuous mode of operation and steady state condition.The addition of Fe provided the dual benefits of a reduction in both the dissolved sulfide and the hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)content in produced gas,resulting inmarginally improved hydrogen(H_(2))and methane(CH_(4))productivities.When the Fe dosage was increased beyond the optimum value of 50 mg/L,the process performance drastically declined,as a consequence of the high total volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentrations that inhibited both the acidogens and methanogens predominantly present in the 1st and 2nd reactors,respectively.The chemical precipitation of iron sulfide was responsible for the reduction of produced H_(2)S in both the aqueous and gaseous phases as well as the minimization of added amounts of all other micronutrients to fulfil the sufficiency of all micronutrients for anaerobic digestion(AD).The addition of 2 mg/L each of Co,Cu and Ni together with 50 mg/L Fe resulted in the greatest enhancement in process performance,as indicated by the improved CH_(4) yield(mL/g COD applied)to about 42.3%,compared to that without micronutrient supplement.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in rand...This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with six treatments and four replications on peach orchards (early grand). Our pre-treatment soil analysis showed silt loam soil class, alkaline and calcareous in nature and adequate in organic matter. The soil was deficient in P, Zn, Fe and B, whereas adequate in Mn and Cu. The fruit quality was evaluated and maximum fruit length, diameter and yield were noted in T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B). The juice pH decreased and the juice acidity increased in a linear fashion after foliar spray of micronutrients. The total soluble solids of fresh fruit juice ranged 7.01%-8.88% and vitamin C ranged from 4.80%-7.90% after foliar spray. So the foliar spray of micronutrients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the quality of peach fruit.展开更多
Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain...Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain Zn and Fe concentrations were 41.8 mg kg^(-1)(29.0-63.3 mg kg^(-1)) and 39.7 mg kg^(-1)(27.9-67.0 mg kg^(-1)), respectively. Compared with cultivars, landraces had greater grain Zn(11.0%) and Fe(4.8%) concentrations but lower harvest index(HI), grain weight per spike(GWS), grain number per spike(GNS) and thousand grain weight(TGW). Both Zn and Fe concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with HI, GWS, and GNS, while showed a poor association with TGW, suggesting that lower HI, GWS, and GNS, but not TGW, accounted for higher Zn and Fe concentrations for landraces than for cultivars. Grain Zn concentrations of both cultivars and landraces significantly increased after foliar Zn spray and the increase was two-fold greater for landraces(12.6 mg kg^(-1)) than for cultivars(6.4 mg kg^(-1)). Foliar Fe spray increased grain Fe concentrations of landraces(3.4 mg kg^(-1)) and cultivars(1.2 mg kg^(-1)), but these increases were not statistically significant. This study showed that Chinese wheat landraces had higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations than cultivars, and greater increases occurred in grain Zn concentration than in grain Fe concentration in response to fertilization, suggesting that Chinese wheat landraces could serve as a potential genetic source for enhancing grain mineral levels in modern wheat cultivars.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key ...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD,the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known.Multiple factors are related to AD,such as genetic factors,aging,lifestyle,and nutrients.Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients,such as copper,zinc,and iron,are closely related to the development of AD.In this review,we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients,including copper,zinc,iron,selenium,silicon,manganese,arsenic,and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.展开更多
Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total st...Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total status of eight micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, and S of the soils in the most urbanized area: Raipur area, Chhattisgarh, India (extending over ≈ 2 × 104 km2) is described. The available status of micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and SO42- in the soils (n = 100) was ranged from 30 - 8253, 205 - 2800, 2.0 - 8.1, 0.7 - 5.0, 2.2 - 31.2, 0.1 - 13.4, 0.1 - 8.9 and 41 - 747 mg/kg with mean value of (at 95% probability) 642 ± 186, 1178 ± 119, 4.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.2, 12.8 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.3 and 281 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration variations, deficiencies and toxicities of the micronutrients in the soil are discussed.展开更多
Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive me...Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events.Even without serious adverse events,the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried.However,toxicities are also added on,unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects.Actually,micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function,let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects.Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment,enhancing gut microbiota immune functions,and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients.A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism.This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy.As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’quality of life,prolong survival,and sustain compliance to immunotherapy,further investigations are mandatory.展开更多
文摘Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of whole foods is the primary source of micronutrients;supplementation is sometimes necessary.Both deficiency and excess of these nutrients have adverse effects.Common deficiencies include iron,folate,iodine,zinc,and vitamin A,which can present clinically as a syndrome.Micronutrient deficiencies(MNDs)are common contributors to intellectual impairments,poor growth,perinatal complications,and increased risk for morbidity and mortality.Excess of a select few of these nutrients can result in conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and diarrhea.Interventions,including supplementation,fortification,and biofortification,can help combat MNDs.This article reviews some common micronutrient imbalances,their clinical manifestations,and treatment interventions.
基金supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1175213)supported by the Research Foundation Flanders(12X9620N and 12X9623N)the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(946192,HUMYCO)。
文摘Background:Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes.The effect on markers of health and disease,such as offspring telomere length(TL)and mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc)is unknown.Objectives:We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient(MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein(BEP)and iron-folic acid(IFA)supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome.Design:We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso,among pregnant females(15-40 years old)enrolled at<21 weeks of gestation.Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA(intervention)or IFA only(control)throughout pregnancy.Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants,respectively.Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms.Results:We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL[β=-0.010(95%CI:-0.057,0.036);P=0.662]or mtDNAc[β=0.065(95%CI:-0.203,0.073);P=0.354],as compared to an IFA tablet alone.These findings were confirmed(P>0.05)by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment.Exploratory analyses indicated higher,but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age,low birthweight,or preterm.Conclusion:Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30770417,31070450)the NSFC-Guangdong United Foundation (No. U0833004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No. 07003650,10151027501000008)
文摘Paddy fields in mining areas are usually co-contaminated by a cocktail of mixed toxic heavy metals （e.g., Cd and Pb in Pb/Zn mines）. However, previous studies on rice cultivars screened for effective metal exclusion have mostly focused on individual metals, and have been conducted under pot-trial or hydroponic solution conditions. This study identified rice cultlvars with both low Cd and Pb accumulation under Cd- and Pb-contaminated field conditions, and the interactions of the toxic elements Cd and Pb with the micronutrient elements Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni were also studied. Among 32 rice cultivars tested, there were significant differences in Cd （0.06-0.59 mg/kg） and Pb （0.25-3.15 mg/kg） levels in their brown rice, and similar results were also found for the micronutrient elements. Significant decreases in concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected with increasing Cd concentrations and a significant elevation in Fe, Mn and Ni with increasing Pb concentrations. A similar result was also shown by Cd and Ni. Three cultivars were identified with a combination of low brown rice Cd and Pb, high micronutrient and grain yield （Wufengyou 2168, Tianyou 196 and Guinongzhan）. Present results suggest that it is possible to breed rice eultivars with low mixed toxic element （Cd, Pb） and high micronutrient contents along with high grain yields, thus ensuring food safety and quality.
基金Supported by the Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,China
文摘AIM: To assess the extent of micronutrient and oxidative stress in blood and to examine their linkages with viral loads in chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels were quantified in the serum from 37 previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. The plasma and erythrocyte micronutrients (zinc, selenium, copper, and iron) were estimated, and malondialdehyde (MDA)contents were determined as a marker to detect oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in blood were also measured. The control group contained 31 healthy volunteers.RESULTS: The contents of zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly lower in hepatitis C patients than in the controls. On the contrary,copper (Cu) levels were significantly higher. Furthermore,plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels, and the SOD and GR activities in erythrocytes significantly increased in hepatitis C patients compared to the controls. However, the plasma GPX activity in patients was markedly lower. Plasma Se (r= -0.730, P<0.05), Cu (r = 0.635), and GPX (r = -0.675)demonstrated correlations with HCV-RNA loads. Significant correlation coefficients were also observed between HCV-RNA levels and erythrocyte Zn (r = -0.403), Se (r = -0.544), Cu (r = 0.701) and MDA (r = 0.629) and GR (r = 0.441).CONCLUSION: The levels of Zn, Se, Cu, and oxidative stress (MDA), as well as related anti-oxidative enzymes (GR and GPX) in blood have important impact on the viral factors in chronic hepatitis C. The distribution of these parameters might be significant biomarkers for HCV.
文摘It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are widely prevalent among populations living in the third world countries.Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection has a high prevalence throughout the world.Deficiencies of several micronutrients due to H pylori infection may be concomitantly present and vary from subtle sub-clinical states to severe clinical disorders.These essential trace elements/ micronutrients are involved in host defense mechanisms, maintaining epithelial cell integrity,glycoprotein synthesis, transport mechanisms,myocardial contractility,brain development,cholesterol and glucose metabolism.In this paper H pylori infection in associaed with various micronutrients deficiencies is briefly reviewed.
基金supported by the Plant Nutrition and Stress Management Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
文摘Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification is considered a better option than fortification due to the easy control of nutrient deficiencies present in daily food.This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a micronutrient mixture(MNM)consisting of zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)on yield and flour quality of wheat.The results show the effectiveness of foliar feeding for growth and yield parameters,in addition to the enriching of wheat grains with Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and B.Compared to the control without foliar feeding,foliar application on wheat crop increased tillering ability,spike length,grain yield and the contents of Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe and B by 21,47,22,22 and 25%in wheat flour,respectively.Therefore,foliar feeding of micronutrients could be an effective approach to enrich wheat grains with essential nutrients for correcting malnutrition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301318, 31230053 and 31171556)the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100100)
文摘Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for ifve micronutrient concentrations were identiifed in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed signiifcant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efifciency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.
基金supported by the National"973"Project on Population and Health(No.2007CB511901)
文摘Objective To examine the effect of periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation on gestation and birth outcomes.Methods A population‐based community intervention program was conducted in 18 counties in China.Participants were divided into an intervention group,who received multi‐micronutrient supplementation from at least 3 months before pregnancy throughout the first trimester,and a control group.Pregnant women were followed up to record information about birth outcomes.Maternal socio‐economic characteristics and main birth outcomes were evaluated.Gestational age was further analyzed using survival analysis,to determine the time distribution of delivery.Results Periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation was associated with higher birth weight,birth length and occipitofrontal head circumference,and with lower incidence rates for stillbirth,low birth weight,and preterm birth.Moreover,periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation changed the time distribution of delivery,making the deliveries more clustered in the period between day 275 and day 295 of gestation.Conclusion Our study shows that periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation is beneficial for fetal development and optimizes all measured aspects of health in neonates in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in China.The change in time distribution of deliveries caused by multi‐micronutrient supplementation needs further clarification.
文摘Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) is one of the major problems. Continuous rotation of rice and wheat, imbalanced fertilizer use and little/no use of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers induce deficiencies of Zn, B and Mn in the RWCS of South Asia. Here we review that (i) imbalanced fertilizer use and organic matter depletion deteriorate soil structure resulting in low efficiency of applied macro- and micro-nutrients in RWCS.(ii) The micronutrients (Zn, B and Mn) are essentially involved in metabolism of rice and wheat plants, including chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, enzyme activation and membrane integrity.(iii) Availability and uptake of Zn, B and Mn from rhizosphere depend on the physico-chemical soil properties (which differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) including soil pH, soil organic matter, soil moisture and interaction of these micronutrients with other nutrients.(iv) Plant ability to uptake and utilize the nutrients is affected by several plant factors such as root architecture, root hairs, transport kinetics parameter and root exudates.(v) Crop management and application of these microelements can help correct the micronutrients deficiency and enhance their grain concentration.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), and cirrhosis. The factors that determine its evolution to more severe forms of the disease are still poorly understood, and micronutrients with antioxidant potential may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.AIM To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of micronutrients and the severity of NAFLD.METHODS A retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included all patients undergoing bariatric surgery who experienced liver biopsy during the procedure, and had serum levels of micronutrients(vitamin D,vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and magnesium), which was assessed in a preoperative evaluation conducted at a reference center in southern Brazil.RESULTS A total of 614 patients were analyzed, of which 93% had steatosis, 70.7% had NASH, and 49.3% had some degree of fibrosis. Serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 were positively correlated with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis. The other micronutrients showed no association with NAFLD staging.CONCLUSION Serum levels of vitamin D are inversely related to the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 are higher in more advanced stages of simple steatosis and liver fibrosis. Serum levels of zinc, iron, and magnesium were not associated with NAFLD severity.
文摘Data gathered from the 1987 National Nutrition Survey in the Philippines provided the opportunity to study the interactions among micronutrient deficiencies and undernutrition in different age groups as basis for program targeting. A randomly selected set of 50% of the households (3,200) covered by the national survey served as source of subjects. Results showed that there was a greater proportion of anemia among the undernourished (as judged by weight for age in children and weight for height in adults) (66.0%)than among the adequately nourished (54.6%) (P <0.01 ). However, the observed differencesin the proportion of serum vitamin A deficiency and of goiter among the undernourished compared to the adequately nourished were not significant. Also not significant were the observed higher prevalence of anemia among subjects with acceptable serum vitamin A levels for both adequately nourished and undernourished, and the higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among the non-anemics. Again there were no significant differences in the prevalence of anemia among goitrous and non-goitrous subjects, as well as the prevalence of goiter among anemic and non-anemic subjects. Neither were there significant differences in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among goitrous and non-goitrous subjects, but there were significant differences in the prevalence of goiter among vitamin A deficient and non-vitamin A defjcient subjects among the 7-14 years old and among pregnant and lactating women.The study concludes that at the national level, there is apparently an interaction between anemia and protein-energy undernutrition and possibly also between goiter and vitamin A deficiency in the high-risk age groups, but between anemia on the one hand and goiter and vitamin A deficiency in the other, perhaps because of clustering in the latter conditions not found in anemia and general undernutrition. These findings may be useful in targeting communities with high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies by using prevalence of underweight and goiter as indicators for high prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency, respectively
基金the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), India, for granting a fellowship (No. RGNF2012-13DGEN-UTT-56466)
文摘Addressing micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils to meet the growing demands of crops is a matter of great concern worldwide.The use of biosurfactant,a multifunctional microbial metabolite,to enhance nutrient availability may be a sustainable way of enhancing agricultural productivity.Biosurfactants are generally less toxic than synthetic surfactants.The application of biosurfactants in agricultural soils is anticipated to improve nutrient status,increase wettability,and achieve a more even dissemination of complex nutrients.Numerous studies have evaluated the influence of biosurfactants on bioremediation,antimicrobial activity,and soil flushing efficiency.This manuscript reviews the possibility of employing biosurfactants to mobilize and solubilize soil nutrients and make them available to plants through the formation of metal-biosurfactant complexes.Although significant progress regarding an explanation of the mechanisms behind many biosurfactant-induced effects has been made,there are still many aspects of this area that are not sufficiently elucidated,such as differences in specificity for nutrients(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn)and toxins(e.g.,Cd and Pb).Biosurfactants from various isolates have been considered for their potential role in plant growth promotion and other applications related to improving the effectiveness of agricultural soils.
文摘BACKGROUND： Micronutrient antioxidant therapy did not relieve pain in a European randomized trial of patients with chronic pancreatitis without malnutrition. However, intervention was undertaken only for 6 months leaving unanswered the question of whether long-term antioxidant therapy may modulate chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of long-term use of micronutrient antioxidant therapy in patients with chronic pancreatitis.METHODS： This is a single center clinical cohort report of patients with chronic pancreatitis prescribed micronutrient antioxidant therapy and followed for up to 10 years. Data were collected on demographic detail, clinic pain assessment, insulin requirements, interventions and outcome.RESULTS： A group of 30 patients with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis constitute the study population. Median age at time of diagnosis was 40 years（range 14-66）; 19（63%） were male and the median duration of symptoms was 2 years（range 0-18）. Alcohol was the dominant cause in 22（73%） patients and 16（53%） patients were Cambridge stage 1. Twenty-four（80%） patients had pain at presentation. During antioxidant treatment of 4 years（range 1-10）, pain decreased but the proportion with abdominal pain compared to those who were pain-free remained constant（P=0.16; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction）. There was a significant increase in requirement for insulin（P=0.028） with time together with use of both endoscopic and surgical interventions.CONCLUSIONS： This is the first study to report long-term disease-specific outcome in patients with chronic pancreatitis prescribed micronutrient antioxidant therapy. There appears to be no effect of intervention on outcome.
基金supported by grants from Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(Grant No.NCET-10-0472)the Priority Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsNational Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30971733 and 31171485)
文摘High nitrogen （N） input features China＇s intensive rice production system. To elucidate N and genotype effects on accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in grains of japonica rice, and to discuss its significance in rice production, a three-year field experiment involving six japonica rice varieties and seven N treatments were performed. Macronutrients （Ca, Mg, K, and Na） and micronutrients （Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn） concentrations in brown and milled rice were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For macronutrients, no consistently significant effect of N was detected in both brown and milled rice. For micronutrients, N showed significant effect, especially in lowering Zn accumulation in brown and milled rice. In addition, N tended to increase Fe concentration in milled rice. Genotype showed larger effect on distribution of minerals in milled rice than N. The high-yielding variety, Wuyunjing 7, accumulated larger proportion of Mg, K, and Zn in the milled rice as compared with the other five varieties and could be of value for rice breeding programs aiming at high nutritional quality. The results demonstrated differences in response to N between macronutrients and micronutrients, and are of significance for coping with ＇hidden hunger＇ both in humans and crops through agronomical practices.
文摘The main purpose of this research was to clarify the influence of the addition of iron(Fe)alone(0–100 mg/L)or 50 mg/L of Fe with 2 mg/L each of cobalt(Co),copper(Cu)and nickel(Ni)on the methanogenic activity of a mesophilic two-stage UASB system treating ethanol wastewater at a fixed chemical oxygen demand(COD)loading rate of 16 kg/m^(3)/day under a continuous mode of operation and steady state condition.The addition of Fe provided the dual benefits of a reduction in both the dissolved sulfide and the hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)content in produced gas,resulting inmarginally improved hydrogen(H_(2))and methane(CH_(4))productivities.When the Fe dosage was increased beyond the optimum value of 50 mg/L,the process performance drastically declined,as a consequence of the high total volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentrations that inhibited both the acidogens and methanogens predominantly present in the 1st and 2nd reactors,respectively.The chemical precipitation of iron sulfide was responsible for the reduction of produced H_(2)S in both the aqueous and gaseous phases as well as the minimization of added amounts of all other micronutrients to fulfil the sufficiency of all micronutrients for anaerobic digestion(AD).The addition of 2 mg/L each of Co,Cu and Ni together with 50 mg/L Fe resulted in the greatest enhancement in process performance,as indicated by the improved CH_(4) yield(mL/g COD applied)to about 42.3%,compared to that without micronutrient supplement.
文摘This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with six treatments and four replications on peach orchards (early grand). Our pre-treatment soil analysis showed silt loam soil class, alkaline and calcareous in nature and adequate in organic matter. The soil was deficient in P, Zn, Fe and B, whereas adequate in Mn and Cu. The fruit quality was evaluated and maximum fruit length, diameter and yield were noted in T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B). The juice pH decreased and the juice acidity increased in a linear fashion after foliar spray of micronutrients. The total soluble solids of fresh fruit juice ranged 7.01%-8.88% and vitamin C ranged from 4.80%-7.90% after foliar spray. So the foliar spray of micronutrients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the quality of peach fruit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300705 and 2017YFD0301101)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD07B14)+1 种基金the Key Science and Technology Program of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province,China(20B210017)the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(202102110168)。
文摘Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain Zn and Fe concentrations were 41.8 mg kg^(-1)(29.0-63.3 mg kg^(-1)) and 39.7 mg kg^(-1)(27.9-67.0 mg kg^(-1)), respectively. Compared with cultivars, landraces had greater grain Zn(11.0%) and Fe(4.8%) concentrations but lower harvest index(HI), grain weight per spike(GWS), grain number per spike(GNS) and thousand grain weight(TGW). Both Zn and Fe concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with HI, GWS, and GNS, while showed a poor association with TGW, suggesting that lower HI, GWS, and GNS, but not TGW, accounted for higher Zn and Fe concentrations for landraces than for cultivars. Grain Zn concentrations of both cultivars and landraces significantly increased after foliar Zn spray and the increase was two-fold greater for landraces(12.6 mg kg^(-1)) than for cultivars(6.4 mg kg^(-1)). Foliar Fe spray increased grain Fe concentrations of landraces(3.4 mg kg^(-1)) and cultivars(1.2 mg kg^(-1)), but these increases were not statistically significant. This study showed that Chinese wheat landraces had higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations than cultivars, and greater increases occurred in grain Zn concentration than in grain Fe concentration in response to fertilization, suggesting that Chinese wheat landraces could serve as a potential genetic source for enhancing grain mineral levels in modern wheat cultivars.
基金Supported by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Natural Science Fund,No. 2020GXNSFAA297001Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Liuzhou Science and Technology Program Fund,No. 2020NBAA0805+2 种基金Guangxi University of TechnologyNo. 20Z06Jiangxi Social Science Research and Planning Fund,No. 19JY34
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD,the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known.Multiple factors are related to AD,such as genetic factors,aging,lifestyle,and nutrients.Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients,such as copper,zinc,and iron,are closely related to the development of AD.In this review,we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients,including copper,zinc,iron,selenium,silicon,manganese,arsenic,and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.
文摘Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total status of eight micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, and S of the soils in the most urbanized area: Raipur area, Chhattisgarh, India (extending over ≈ 2 × 104 km2) is described. The available status of micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and SO42- in the soils (n = 100) was ranged from 30 - 8253, 205 - 2800, 2.0 - 8.1, 0.7 - 5.0, 2.2 - 31.2, 0.1 - 13.4, 0.1 - 8.9 and 41 - 747 mg/kg with mean value of (at 95% probability) 642 ± 186, 1178 ± 119, 4.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.2, 12.8 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.3 and 281 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration variations, deficiencies and toxicities of the micronutrients in the soil are discussed.
文摘Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events.Even without serious adverse events,the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried.However,toxicities are also added on,unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects.Actually,micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function,let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects.Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment,enhancing gut microbiota immune functions,and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients.A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism.This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy.As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’quality of life,prolong survival,and sustain compliance to immunotherapy,further investigations are mandatory.
