A series of TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunction microfibers have been fabricated using cotton fibers as bio-templates, and characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis techniques. Results reveal that Bi2O3 in the TiO2/Bi2O3 sample is a...A series of TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunction microfibers have been fabricated using cotton fibers as bio-templates, and characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis techniques. Results reveal that Bi2O3 in the TiO2/Bi2O3 sample is assigned to monoclinic and tetragonal mix-crystal phase. Fibers lengths can reach several micrometers and diameters range from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Compared with pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, TiO2/Bi2O3 samples display better absorption in visible light region. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers exhibite much higher activity than pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, and 22.84%TiO2/Bi2O3 can achieve the decomposition of about 95%MB, which is attributed to synergistic effects of the strong visible-light absorption of TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers and the heterojunction formed between TiO2 and Bi2O3.展开更多
Nanocomposite BaFe12019/a-Fe microfibers with diameters of about 1-5 μm are prepared by the organic gel- thermal selective reduction process. The binary phase of BaFe12019 and a-Fe is formed after reduction of the pr...Nanocomposite BaFe12019/a-Fe microfibers with diameters of about 1-5 μm are prepared by the organic gel- thermal selective reduction process. The binary phase of BaFe12019 and a-Fe is formed after reduction of the precursor BaFel2019/a-Fe203 microfibers at 350 ℃ for 1 h. These nanocomposite microfibers are fabricated from a-Fe （16-22 nm in diameter） and BaFe12019 particles （36--42 nm in diameter） and basically exhibit a single-phase-like magnetization be- havior, with a high saturation magnetization and coercive force arising from the exchange--coupling interactions of soft a-Fe and hard BaFe12019. The microwave absorption characteristics in a 2-18 GHz frequency range of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/a-Fe microfibers are mainly influenced by their mass ratio of a-Fe/BaFe12019 and specimen thickness. It is found that the nanocomposite BaFelzO19/a-Fe microfibers with a mass ratio of 1：6 and specimen thickness of 2.5 mm show an optimal reflection loss （RL） of -29.7 dB at 13.5 GHz and the bandwidth with RL exceeding -10 dB covers the whole Ku-band （12.4-18.0 GHz）. This enhancement of microwave absorption can be attributed to the heterostruc- ture of soft, nano, conducting a-Fe particles embedded in hard, nano, semiconducting barium ferrite, which improves the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange--coupling interaction, and anisotropic energy in the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/a-Fe microfibers.展开更多
In order to take full advantage of the secondary resources,in this paper,we reported a template-free process to prepare porous Co microfibers from spent lithiumion batteries(LIBs).First,the waste LiCoO_(2) powders wer...In order to take full advantage of the secondary resources,in this paper,we reported a template-free process to prepare porous Co microfibers from spent lithiumion batteries(LIBs).First,the waste LiCoO_(2) powders were leached by oxalic acid at a suitable temperature,and rodlike cobalt oxalate powders were obtained.Second,the porous Co microfibers were prepared by using the cobalt oxalate as precursors through a thermal decomposition at420 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere.The prepared Co microfibers possess diameters of 1-2 μm,and each microfiber consists of small particles with size of100-200 nm.The Co microfibers(25 wt%)/paraffin composite exhibited excellent microwave absorption performance.When the sample thickness is 4.5 mm,the reflection losses reach-36.14 and-38.20 dB at 4.16 and 17.60 GHz,respectively,and the effective bandwidth reaches up to 5.52 GHz.This indicates that the Co microfibers can be used as a promising microwave absorber.Therefore,this paper demonstrates a novel process to make a high value-added product through recycling from the spent lithium-ion batteries.In addition,it is advantageous to eliminate the hazard of spent lithium-ion batteries and electromagnetic radiation to environment and human health.展开更多
Microwave absorption properties of the nanocrystalline strontium ferrite （SrFe12O19） and iron （α-Fe） microfibers for single-layer and double-layer structures are investigated in a frequency range of 2 GHz 18 GHz....Microwave absorption properties of the nanocrystalline strontium ferrite （SrFe12O19） and iron （α-Fe） microfibers for single-layer and double-layer structures are investigated in a frequency range of 2 GHz 18 GHz. For the singlelayer absorbers, the nanocrystalline SrFe12O19 microfibers show some microwave absorptions at 6 GHz 18 GHz, with a minimum reflection loss （RL） value of -11.9 dB at 14.1 GHz for a specimen thickness of 3.0 mm, while for the nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers, their absorptions largely take place at 15 GHz-18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB, with a minimum .RL value of about -24 dB at 17.5 GHz for a specimen thickness of 0.7 mm. For the doublelayer absorber with an absorbing layer of α-Fe microfibers with a thickness of 0.7 mm and matching layer of SrFe12O19 microfibers with a thickness of 1.3 ram, the minimum RL value is about -63 dB at 16.4 GHz and the absorption band width is about 6.7 GHz ranging from 11.3 GHz to 18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB which covers the whole Ku-band （12.4 GHz 18 GHz） and 27% of X-band （8.2 GHz 12.4 GHz）.展开更多
Conductive microfibers with an average diameter of ca. 1.0 μm were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline, in which poly（vinylchloride-acrylonitrile） （PVC-AN） was used as the filament-material in electrosp...Conductive microfibers with an average diameter of ca. 1.0 μm were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline, in which poly（vinylchloride-acrylonitrile） （PVC-AN） was used as the filament-material in electrospinning to form precursor microfibers and carry the aniline monomers. Fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） results demonstrated that PANi was successfully polymerized in the microfibers. The morphology of the PVC-AN-PANi microfibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the polymer composite of PVC-AN-PANi formed via molecular interactions. Although the conductivity of PVC-AN-PANi microfibers was still limited （2.2 × 10^-8 S/cm）, this method provided an effective and convenient approach for preparing highly uniform and soft microfibrous electrodes.展开更多
As global air pollution becomes increasingly severe,various types of fibrous filters have been developed to improve air filter performance.However,fibrous filters have limitations such as high packing density that gen...As global air pollution becomes increasingly severe,various types of fibrous filters have been developed to improve air filter performance.However,fibrous filters have limitations such as high packing density that generally causes high-pressure drop and ultimately deterioration in the filtration efficiency.High-pressure particulate matter precipitators are limited in terms of scope for commercialization because they require high voltage supplies and ozone generators.In this study,we develop fibrous filters with enhanced durability and improved performance using metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework(MOF)nanocrystals.Not only does the efficiency of the developed filters remain at or above 97%for 0.50-1.5μm PMs but the durability also significantly increases.In addition,using the water purification ability of the MOF,we explore the dye degradation effect of the hybrid microfibers by immersing them into Rhodamine B aqueous solution.In such an experiment the Rhodamine B aqueous solution is completely purified by the presence of the hybrid microfibers under the UV irradiation.展开更多
A type of compact solution concentration sensor based on a microfiber with a nanoscale-structured film is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Additional loss at different solution concentrations is calculated by...A type of compact solution concentration sensor based on a microfiber with a nanoscale-structured film is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Additional loss at different solution concentrations is calculated by means of the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain （3D-FDTD） method. The microfiber is fabricated by using the flame-heated scanning technique. Nanoscale-structured film is coated on the microfiber surface, which is assembled as a sensing unit. The sensitivity of this kind of sensor increases with the decreasing diameters of the microfiber. When the diameter of the microfiber is 2 #m, a minimum concentration sensitivity of 1% （under 450s measuring time） is demonstrated in the experiment. Higher sensitivity can be attained when the solution concentration is higher. The sensing properties of this microfiber with the nanoscale-structured film may provide opportunities for new applications in optical sensing devices.展开更多
No one sets out to refresh themselves by drinking plastic. But microscopic pollution are in virtually every body of water on Earth. While the debris comes from a number of sources, including food and drink packaging a...No one sets out to refresh themselves by drinking plastic. But microscopic pollution are in virtually every body of water on Earth. While the debris comes from a number of sources, including food and drink packaging and cosmetics, research is pointing to synthetic textile microfibers as a major culprit. Studies show hundreds of thousands of microplastic particles can enter the wa-ter supply just by laundering that polo shirt, midi dress or yoga pants.展开更多
A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herei...A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herein,an ultra-stable aqueous foam was developed using the biodegradable cellulose microfiber(CMF)as a foam stabilizer.The foam stabilized by CMF shows excellent tolerance to the high concentration of NaCl(6.0 wt%)and CaCl_(2)(0.25 wt%)and the related drainage half-life times(T_(0.5))reach 1750 and 2340 s respectively.By contrast,the foams without CMF are completely drained(T_(0.5)=0 s)when NaCl concentration is greater than 6.0 wt%or CaCl_(2) concentration is greater than 0.20 wt%.Notably,T0.5 of the foams stabilized by CMF at these saline concentrations still can maintain above 1000 s even after aging at 120℃ for 16 h,exhibiting an outstanding foam-stabilizing performance at high temperature.Experimental results suggest that the salt and high-temperature tolerance of CMF in foam stabilization is attributed to the electrically uncharged surfaces,the formation of a gel-like structure and the excellent thermal stability.This work not only provides a promising candidate of aqueous foam stabilizer to deal with high temperature and high salinity but also presents a natural-based solution for an environmentally friendly drilling industry in the future.展开更多
The nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe and nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers with diameters of 1-5 μm, high aspect ratios and large specific areas are prepared by the citrate gel transformation and reduction process. The ...The nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe and nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers with diameters of 1-5 μm, high aspect ratios and large specific areas are prepared by the citrate gel transformation and reduction process. The nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers show some exchange-coupling interactions largely arising from the magnetization hard （BaFe12019） and soft （a-Fe） nanoparticles. For the microwave absorptions, the double-layer structures consisting of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe and α-Fe microfibers each exhibit a wide band and strong absorption behavior. When the nanocomposite BaFel2O19/α-Fe microfibers are used as a matching layer of 2.3 mm in thickness and a-Fe microfibers as an absorbing layer of 1.2 mm in thickness, the optimal reflection loss （RL） achieves -47 dB at 15.6 GHz, the absorption bandwidth is about 12.7 GHz ranging from 5.3 to 18 GHz, exceeding -20 dB, which covers 72.5% C-band （4.2-8.2 GHz） and whole X-band （8.2-12.4 GHz） and Ku-band （12.4-18 GHz）. The enhanced absorption properties of these double-layer absorbers are mainly ascribed to the improvement in impedance matching ability and microwave multi-reflection largely resulting from the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange-coupling interaction, and small size effect.展开更多
We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfi...We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfibers.A long period grating is fabricated in a water-cladding microfiber with a diameter of~5μm,which demonstrates a resonant attenuation of 28.53 dB at wavelength of 1588.1 nm with 10 pitches.When water cladding is changed to be refractive index oil of n=1.33 and alcohol solution with concentration of 5%,the resonance wavelength shifts to 1575.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 24.91 dB and 1594.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 35.9 dB,respectively.The long period grating demonstrates different temperature sensitivities of-0.524 nm/℃,-0.767 nm/℃and-1.316 nm/℃for water,alcohol solution and refractive index oil cladding microfibers,respectively,which means the alterable liquid cladding allows the availability of tunable wavelength and sensitivity.The fluid-cladding protects the microfibers from external disturbance and contamination and allows more flexibility in controlling the transmission property and sensing characteristics of long period gratings,which can be used as fiber devices and sensors for chemical,biological,and environmental applications.展开更多
To overcome the shortage of wood resources as well as to develop novel natural fibers materials,the Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(CQ)and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda(QT)planted in Southwest China were effectively isolated by...To overcome the shortage of wood resources as well as to develop novel natural fibers materials,the Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(CQ)and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda(QT)planted in Southwest China were effectively isolated by the steam explosion(SE).The fine and uniform bamboo microfibers derived from CQ and QT were obtained,and their smallest average widths were 12.62μm and 16.05μm,respectively.The effects of steam explosion on the micro-morphology,chemical composition,thermal stability,crystallinity,surface wettability,and mechanical properties of bamboo microfibers were comprehensively investigated.The results showed that the relative content of cellulose in bamboo microfibers increased but the hemicellulose and lignin contents decreased after SE.The degrees of crystallinity for CQ and QT increased from 40.49%and 39.46%to 68.90%and 55.78%,respectively.The thermal stability and surface hydrophilicity were also improved.The CQ microfibers had a maximum decomposition temperature of 2.79°C,a tensile strength of 58.54 MPa,an elongation at break of 0.6%,and a water contact angle of 2.7°higher than those of the QT microfibers.展开更多
Temperature and strain sensitivities of surface acoustic wave(SAW)and hybrid acoustic wave(HAW)Brillouin scat-tering(BS)in 1μm-1.3μm diameter optical microfibers are simulated.In contrast to stimulated Brillouin sca...Temperature and strain sensitivities of surface acoustic wave(SAW)and hybrid acoustic wave(HAW)Brillouin scat-tering(BS)in 1μm-1.3μm diameter optical microfibers are simulated.In contrast to stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)from bulk acoustic wave in standard optical fiber,SAW and HAW BS,due to SAWs and HAWs induced by the coupling of longitudinal and shear waves and propagating along the surface and core of microfiber respectively,facilitate innovative detection in optical microfibers sensing.The highest temperature and strain sensitivities of the hybrid acoustic modes(HAMs)are 1.082 MHz/℃and 0.0289 MHz/με,respectively,which is suitable for microfiber sensing applica-tion of high temperature and strain resolutions.Meanwhile,the temperature and strain sensitivities of the SAMs are less affected by fiber diameter changes,ranging from 0.05 MHz/℃/μm to 0.25 MHz/℃/μm and 1×10^(-4) MHz/με/μm to 5×10^(-4) MHz/με/μm,respectively.It can be found that that SAW BS for temperature and strain sensing would put less stress on manufacturing constraints for optical microfibers.Besides,the simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain can be realized by SAW and HAW BS,with temperature and strain errors as low as 0.30℃-0.34℃and 14.47με-16.25με.展开更多
We report the fabrication of long-period gratings （LPGs） in elliptical microfibers with femtosecond laser. Based on the numerical analysis of the modes and the mode coupling condition of elliptical microfibers, an L...We report the fabrication of long-period gratings （LPGs） in elliptical microfibers with femtosecond laser. Based on the numerical analysis of the modes and the mode coupling condition of elliptical microfibers, an LPG is fabricated with a very short pitch of 10 μm by periodically modifying the fiber surface, which demonstrates very strong polarization-dependent resonances, a very low temperature sensitivity of a few picometers in air, and high temperature sensitivity of -1.62 nm/℃ in refractive index oil.展开更多
It is difficult to access exfoliated sepiolite(Sep)fibers with high aspect ratio from Sep ore.The traditional method used to purify Sep ore also reduces its aspect ratio.In this study,impurities in the Sep ore were re...It is difficult to access exfoliated sepiolite(Sep)fibers with high aspect ratio from Sep ore.The traditional method used to purify Sep ore also reduces its aspect ratio.In this study,impurities in the Sep ore were removed by acid activation followed by a cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(C16)treatment to organically modify the purified Sep by cation exchange.Then,the organically-modified Sep(O-Sep)was stripped and processed by an ultrasonic cell crusher to obtain Sep microfibers at a specific frequency for a given period.These Sep samples had relatively high aspect ratio,compared with the Sep fibers gotten by traditional method.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)demonstrate the micro-morphology of exfoliated Sep samples in an intuitive way.Moreover,pure inorganic membrane prepared only with the exfoliated Sep fibers exhibited excellent flexibility,further demonstrating the excellent properties of Sep fibers with high aspect ratio.展开更多
Fibers have been of great significance in our daily lives,especially in the industrial production of masks.Research in this area has been focused on developing microfibers with superior functions to enhance the filtra...Fibers have been of great significance in our daily lives,especially in the industrial production of masks.Research in this area has been focused on developing microfibers with superior functions to enhance the filtration performances of the masks.Herein,inspired by the frog’s predation mechanism using its tongues to swiftly grab flying insects,we propose novel porous wettable microfibers from microfluidics to efficiently capture particles in the air for filtration.Upon pre-dispersing LP emulsions into polyurethane(PU),porous microfibers dispersed with oil droplets could be continuously spun from a co-flow microfluidic device based on the quick phase inversion of PU.To design an optimal system with frog-tongue-like interfacial adhesion properties,the wettability performances of the porous microfibers are investigated under full,partial,and no oil coverage conditions.When implemented in a mask,the 3D patterned networks based on the frog-tongue-inspired microfibers have been proven with remarkable particle capture performances while maintaining good air permeability.Based on these features,we believe that frog-tongue-inspired microfibers and their derived masks are of practical significance in multiple applications.展开更多
Building high-performance aerogels with biomass-derived rather than fossil-derived polymers is an eco-friendlier option given the increasingly serious sustainability issues.Chitosan(CS)aero-gels with oriented pore str...Building high-performance aerogels with biomass-derived rather than fossil-derived polymers is an eco-friendlier option given the increasingly serious sustainability issues.Chitosan(CS)aero-gels with oriented pore structures exhibit broad application prospects owing to light weight,high porosity,and favorable bioactivity,but the dominating drawback in low mechanical strength greatly hinders their functional advantages.In this study,two types of silk microfibers with simi-lar diameter yet different aspect ratios(1-3(denoting as SmSF)and 50-100(denoting as LmSF))were used as fillers to reinforce CS aerogels prepared by directional freeze casting.The distinc-tion of SmSF and LmSF in size led to their notable variations in distribution pattern,as SmSF embedded within the individual CS lamellae while LmSF traversed throughout the adjacent CS lamellae,which in consequence significantly influence their mechanical reinforcing efficiency.The compressive strength values could be improved from 61.67 kPa(pure CS aerogel)to 82.13 kPa(SmSF/CS aerogel)and 165.03 kPa(LmSF/CS aerogel),respectively,attributing to the tran-sition in deformation mechanisms from a bending-to crumpling-dominated mode.In addition,the embedding or bridging structure could also change the liquid transportation property of CS aerogels.The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of applying filler-size-mediated strategy for material structural optimization.展开更多
Microfibers from natural products are endowed with remarkable biocompatibility,biodegradability,sustainable utilization as well as environmental protection char-acteristics etc.Benefitting from these advantages,microf...Microfibers from natural products are endowed with remarkable biocompatibility,biodegradability,sustainable utilization as well as environmental protection char-acteristics etc.Benefitting from these advantages,microfibers have demonstrated their prominent values in biomedical applications.This review comprehensively summarizes the relevant research progress of sustainable microfibers from natural products and their biomedical applications.To begin,common natural elements are introduced for the microfiber fabrication.After that,the focus is on the specific fabri-cation technology and process.Subsequently,biomedical applications of sustainable microfibers are discussed in detail.Last but not least,the main challenges during the development process are summarized,followed by a vision for future development opportunities.展开更多
In various biomedical fields,noninvasive medical procedures are favored over invasive techniques,as the latter require major incisions or surgeries that cause bleeding,pain,and tissue scarring.The increased use of non...In various biomedical fields,noninvasive medical procedures are favored over invasive techniques,as the latter require major incisions or surgeries that cause bleeding,pain,and tissue scarring.The increased use of noninvasive biomedical equipment has created a demand for effective energy storage devices that are sufficiently compact to be used as a power source,easy to commercialize,and bio-friendly.Herein,we report the facile synthesis of nickel molybdenum oxide nanoparticle-infused biocarbon microfibers(NiMoO NPs@BCMFs)as a novel energy storage material.The microfibers were derived from the bracket fungus Laetiporus sulphureus.In a three-electrode system,the NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/nickel foam(NF)electrode delivered an areal capacity of 113µAh cm^(-2)at 1.5 mA cm^(-2),with excellent cycling stability.Its capacity retention was 104%,even after 20,000 cycles.Bare BCMFs were also synthesized from the fungal biomass to fabricate a negative BCMFs/NF electrode.This,together with the positive NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/NF electrode,was used to construct a bio-friendly(hybrid-type)micro-supercapacitor(BMSC),which exhibited maximum energy and power density values of 56µWh cm^(-2)and 11,250µW cm^(-2),respectively.When tested for its ability to power biomedical electronics,the BMSC device successfully operated an electrical muscle stimulator,inducing potential signals into a volunteer in real-time application.展开更多
Soft strain sensors that can transduce stretch stimuli into electrical readouts are promising as sustainable wearable electronics.However,most strain sensors cannot achieve highly-sensitive and wide-range detection of...Soft strain sensors that can transduce stretch stimuli into electrical readouts are promising as sustainable wearable electronics.However,most strain sensors cannot achieve highly-sensitive and wide-range detection of ultralow and high strains.Inspired by bamboo structures,anti-freezing microfibers made of conductive poly(vinyl alcohol)hydrogel with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)are developed via continuous microfluidic spinning.The microfibers provide unique bamboo-like structures with enhanced local stress to improve both their length change and resistance change upon stretching for efficient signal conversion.The microfibers allow highlysensitive(detection limit:0.05%strain)and wide-range(0%-400%strain)detection of ultralow and high strains,as well as features of good stretchability(485%strain)and anti-freezing property(freezing temperature:-41.1°C),fast response(200 ms),and good repeatability.The experimental results,together with theoretical foundation analysis and finite element analysis,prove their enhanced length and resistance changes upon stretching for efficient signal conversion.By integrating microfluidic spinning with 3D-printing technique,the textiles of the microfibers can be flexibly constructed.The microfibers and their 3D-printed textiles enable highperformance monitoring of human motions including finger bending and throat vibrating during phonation.This work provides an efficient and general strategy for developing advanced conductive hydrogel microfibers as highperformance wearable strain sensors.展开更多
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department （No.2013JK0690）, and the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Foundation （No.2013JM2013）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21203160）, and the Special Research Fund of Xianyang Normal University （No. 11XSYK204）.
文摘A series of TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunction microfibers have been fabricated using cotton fibers as bio-templates, and characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis techniques. Results reveal that Bi2O3 in the TiO2/Bi2O3 sample is assigned to monoclinic and tetragonal mix-crystal phase. Fibers lengths can reach several micrometers and diameters range from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Compared with pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, TiO2/Bi2O3 samples display better absorption in visible light region. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers exhibite much higher activity than pure TiO2 and Bi2O3, and 22.84%TiO2/Bi2O3 can achieve the decomposition of about 95%MB, which is attributed to synergistic effects of the strong visible-light absorption of TiO2/Bi2O3 microfibers and the heterojunction formed between TiO2 and Bi2O3.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51274106 and 51202091)the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. 12KJA430001)+2 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20103227110006)the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BE2012143)the Postgraduate Cultivation and Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. CXZZ11 0557)
文摘Nanocomposite BaFe12019/a-Fe microfibers with diameters of about 1-5 μm are prepared by the organic gel- thermal selective reduction process. The binary phase of BaFe12019 and a-Fe is formed after reduction of the precursor BaFel2019/a-Fe203 microfibers at 350 ℃ for 1 h. These nanocomposite microfibers are fabricated from a-Fe （16-22 nm in diameter） and BaFe12019 particles （36--42 nm in diameter） and basically exhibit a single-phase-like magnetization be- havior, with a high saturation magnetization and coercive force arising from the exchange--coupling interactions of soft a-Fe and hard BaFe12019. The microwave absorption characteristics in a 2-18 GHz frequency range of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/a-Fe microfibers are mainly influenced by their mass ratio of a-Fe/BaFe12019 and specimen thickness. It is found that the nanocomposite BaFelzO19/a-Fe microfibers with a mass ratio of 1：6 and specimen thickness of 2.5 mm show an optimal reflection loss （RL） of -29.7 dB at 13.5 GHz and the bandwidth with RL exceeding -10 dB covers the whole Ku-band （12.4-18.0 GHz）. This enhancement of microwave absorption can be attributed to the heterostruc- ture of soft, nano, conducting a-Fe particles embedded in hard, nano, semiconducting barium ferrite, which improves the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange--coupling interaction, and anisotropic energy in the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/a-Fe microfibers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51604005 and U1703130)the Universities Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Anhui Province (No.KJ2020A0224)the Open Fund of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Engineering & Resources Recycling (No.SKF19-01)。
文摘In order to take full advantage of the secondary resources,in this paper,we reported a template-free process to prepare porous Co microfibers from spent lithiumion batteries(LIBs).First,the waste LiCoO_(2) powders were leached by oxalic acid at a suitable temperature,and rodlike cobalt oxalate powders were obtained.Second,the porous Co microfibers were prepared by using the cobalt oxalate as precursors through a thermal decomposition at420 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere.The prepared Co microfibers possess diameters of 1-2 μm,and each microfiber consists of small particles with size of100-200 nm.The Co microfibers(25 wt%)/paraffin composite exhibited excellent microwave absorption performance.When the sample thickness is 4.5 mm,the reflection losses reach-36.14 and-38.20 dB at 4.16 and 17.60 GHz,respectively,and the effective bandwidth reaches up to 5.52 GHz.This indicates that the Co microfibers can be used as a promising microwave absorber.Therefore,this paper demonstrates a novel process to make a high value-added product through recycling from the spent lithium-ion batteries.In addition,it is advantageous to eliminate the hazard of spent lithium-ion batteries and electromagnetic radiation to environment and human health.
基金supported by the Aviation Science Foundation,China (Grant No.2009ZF52063)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20103227110006)the Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Cultivation and Innovation Project,China (Grant No.CX10B-257Z)
文摘Microwave absorption properties of the nanocrystalline strontium ferrite （SrFe12O19） and iron （α-Fe） microfibers for single-layer and double-layer structures are investigated in a frequency range of 2 GHz 18 GHz. For the singlelayer absorbers, the nanocrystalline SrFe12O19 microfibers show some microwave absorptions at 6 GHz 18 GHz, with a minimum reflection loss （RL） value of -11.9 dB at 14.1 GHz for a specimen thickness of 3.0 mm, while for the nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers, their absorptions largely take place at 15 GHz-18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB, with a minimum .RL value of about -24 dB at 17.5 GHz for a specimen thickness of 0.7 mm. For the doublelayer absorber with an absorbing layer of α-Fe microfibers with a thickness of 0.7 mm and matching layer of SrFe12O19 microfibers with a thickness of 1.3 ram, the minimum RL value is about -63 dB at 16.4 GHz and the absorption band width is about 6.7 GHz ranging from 11.3 GHz to 18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB which covers the whole Ku-band （12.4 GHz 18 GHz） and 27% of X-band （8.2 GHz 12.4 GHz）.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JUSRP31104)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles(Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University,No.KLET1209)+1 种基金National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,No.2012AA030313)Jiangsu Province Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities(No.Sue[2009]10)
文摘Conductive microfibers with an average diameter of ca. 1.0 μm were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline, in which poly（vinylchloride-acrylonitrile） （PVC-AN） was used as the filament-material in electrospinning to form precursor microfibers and carry the aniline monomers. Fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） results demonstrated that PANi was successfully polymerized in the microfibers. The morphology of the PVC-AN-PANi microfibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results of differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the polymer composite of PVC-AN-PANi formed via molecular interactions. Although the conductivity of PVC-AN-PANi microfibers was still limited （2.2 × 10^-8 S/cm）, this method provided an effective and convenient approach for preparing highly uniform and soft microfibrous electrodes.
基金supported by The National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2020R1A5A1018153)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2020/30)。
文摘As global air pollution becomes increasingly severe,various types of fibrous filters have been developed to improve air filter performance.However,fibrous filters have limitations such as high packing density that generally causes high-pressure drop and ultimately deterioration in the filtration efficiency.High-pressure particulate matter precipitators are limited in terms of scope for commercialization because they require high voltage supplies and ozone generators.In this study,we develop fibrous filters with enhanced durability and improved performance using metallized microfibers decorated with metal-organic-framework(MOF)nanocrystals.Not only does the efficiency of the developed filters remain at or above 97%for 0.50-1.5μm PMs but the durability also significantly increases.In addition,using the water purification ability of the MOF,we explore the dye degradation effect of the hybrid microfibers by immersing them into Rhodamine B aqueous solution.In such an experiment the Rhodamine B aqueous solution is completely purified by the presence of the hybrid microfibers under the UV irradiation.
文摘A type of compact solution concentration sensor based on a microfiber with a nanoscale-structured film is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Additional loss at different solution concentrations is calculated by means of the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain （3D-FDTD） method. The microfiber is fabricated by using the flame-heated scanning technique. Nanoscale-structured film is coated on the microfiber surface, which is assembled as a sensing unit. The sensitivity of this kind of sensor increases with the decreasing diameters of the microfiber. When the diameter of the microfiber is 2 #m, a minimum concentration sensitivity of 1% （under 450s measuring time） is demonstrated in the experiment. Higher sensitivity can be attained when the solution concentration is higher. The sensing properties of this microfiber with the nanoscale-structured film may provide opportunities for new applications in optical sensing devices.
文摘No one sets out to refresh themselves by drinking plastic. But microscopic pollution are in virtually every body of water on Earth. While the debris comes from a number of sources, including food and drink packaging and cosmetics, research is pointing to synthetic textile microfibers as a major culprit. Studies show hundreds of thousands of microplastic particles can enter the wa-ter supply just by laundering that polo shirt, midi dress or yoga pants.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51991361 and Grant No.51991362)the foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Grant No.2462021YXZZ002).
文摘A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herein,an ultra-stable aqueous foam was developed using the biodegradable cellulose microfiber(CMF)as a foam stabilizer.The foam stabilized by CMF shows excellent tolerance to the high concentration of NaCl(6.0 wt%)and CaCl_(2)(0.25 wt%)and the related drainage half-life times(T_(0.5))reach 1750 and 2340 s respectively.By contrast,the foams without CMF are completely drained(T_(0.5)=0 s)when NaCl concentration is greater than 6.0 wt%or CaCl_(2) concentration is greater than 0.20 wt%.Notably,T0.5 of the foams stabilized by CMF at these saline concentrations still can maintain above 1000 s even after aging at 120℃ for 16 h,exhibiting an outstanding foam-stabilizing performance at high temperature.Experimental results suggest that the salt and high-temperature tolerance of CMF in foam stabilization is attributed to the electrically uncharged surfaces,the formation of a gel-like structure and the excellent thermal stability.This work not only provides a promising candidate of aqueous foam stabilizer to deal with high temperature and high salinity but also presents a natural-based solution for an environmentally friendly drilling industry in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51274106 and 51202091)the Natural Science Foundation ofJiangsu Provincial Higher Education,China(Grant No.12KJA430001)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province,China(GrantNos.BE2012143 and BE2013071)the Jiangsu Provincial Postgraduate Cultivation and Innovation Project,China(Grant No.CXZZ13 0662)the PriorityAcademic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(Grant No.1033000003)
文摘The nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe and nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers with diameters of 1-5 μm, high aspect ratios and large specific areas are prepared by the citrate gel transformation and reduction process. The nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers show some exchange-coupling interactions largely arising from the magnetization hard （BaFe12019） and soft （a-Fe） nanoparticles. For the microwave absorptions, the double-layer structures consisting of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe and α-Fe microfibers each exhibit a wide band and strong absorption behavior. When the nanocomposite BaFel2O19/α-Fe microfibers are used as a matching layer of 2.3 mm in thickness and a-Fe microfibers as an absorbing layer of 1.2 mm in thickness, the optimal reflection loss （RL） achieves -47 dB at 15.6 GHz, the absorption bandwidth is about 12.7 GHz ranging from 5.3 to 18 GHz, exceeding -20 dB, which covers 72.5% C-band （4.2-8.2 GHz） and whole X-band （8.2-12.4 GHz） and Ku-band （12.4-18 GHz）. The enhanced absorption properties of these double-layer absorbers are mainly ascribed to the improvement in impedance matching ability and microwave multi-reflection largely resulting from the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange-coupling interaction, and small size effect.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61605168 and 61735011)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant Nos.F2016203392 and F2021203058)+1 种基金the College and University Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.QN2016078)the Intramural Doctoral Foundation of Yanshan University(Grant No.B1011).
文摘We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfibers.A long period grating is fabricated in a water-cladding microfiber with a diameter of~5μm,which demonstrates a resonant attenuation of 28.53 dB at wavelength of 1588.1 nm with 10 pitches.When water cladding is changed to be refractive index oil of n=1.33 and alcohol solution with concentration of 5%,the resonance wavelength shifts to 1575.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 24.91 dB and 1594.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 35.9 dB,respectively.The long period grating demonstrates different temperature sensitivities of-0.524 nm/℃,-0.767 nm/℃and-1.316 nm/℃for water,alcohol solution and refractive index oil cladding microfibers,respectively,which means the alterable liquid cladding allows the availability of tunable wavelength and sensitivity.The fluid-cladding protects the microfibers from external disturbance and contamination and allows more flexibility in controlling the transmission property and sensing characteristics of long period gratings,which can be used as fiber devices and sensors for chemical,biological,and environmental applications.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32060381)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Province(202201AT070058)+6 种基金the Scientific Research Funds of Educational Committee of Yunnan Province(2022Y552)the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry and Engineering,China(GXFK2209)the High Level Innovative One-Ten-Thousand Youth Talents of Yunnan Province(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-203)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110677009)the Major Basic Special Biological Resources Digital Development and Application Project in Yunnan Province(202002AA10007)the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture(1012359)“111”Project(D21027).
文摘To overcome the shortage of wood resources as well as to develop novel natural fibers materials,the Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(CQ)and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda(QT)planted in Southwest China were effectively isolated by the steam explosion(SE).The fine and uniform bamboo microfibers derived from CQ and QT were obtained,and their smallest average widths were 12.62μm and 16.05μm,respectively.The effects of steam explosion on the micro-morphology,chemical composition,thermal stability,crystallinity,surface wettability,and mechanical properties of bamboo microfibers were comprehensively investigated.The results showed that the relative content of cellulose in bamboo microfibers increased but the hemicellulose and lignin contents decreased after SE.The degrees of crystallinity for CQ and QT increased from 40.49%and 39.46%to 68.90%and 55.78%,respectively.The thermal stability and surface hydrophilicity were also improved.The CQ microfibers had a maximum decomposition temperature of 2.79°C,a tensile strength of 58.54 MPa,an elongation at break of 0.6%,and a water contact angle of 2.7°higher than those of the QT microfibers.
基金Project supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant Nos.61705157 and 61805167)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975142 and 11574228)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M682113)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201903D121124)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2020-112).
文摘Temperature and strain sensitivities of surface acoustic wave(SAW)and hybrid acoustic wave(HAW)Brillouin scat-tering(BS)in 1μm-1.3μm diameter optical microfibers are simulated.In contrast to stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)from bulk acoustic wave in standard optical fiber,SAW and HAW BS,due to SAWs and HAWs induced by the coupling of longitudinal and shear waves and propagating along the surface and core of microfiber respectively,facilitate innovative detection in optical microfibers sensing.The highest temperature and strain sensitivities of the hybrid acoustic modes(HAMs)are 1.082 MHz/℃and 0.0289 MHz/με,respectively,which is suitable for microfiber sensing applica-tion of high temperature and strain resolutions.Meanwhile,the temperature and strain sensitivities of the SAMs are less affected by fiber diameter changes,ranging from 0.05 MHz/℃/μm to 0.25 MHz/℃/μm and 1×10^(-4) MHz/με/μm to 5×10^(-4) MHz/με/μm,respectively.It can be found that that SAW BS for temperature and strain sensing would put less stress on manufacturing constraints for optical microfibers.Besides,the simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain can be realized by SAW and HAW BS,with temperature and strain errors as low as 0.30℃-0.34℃and 14.47με-16.25με.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61605168)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.F2016203392)+2 种基金the College and University Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.QN2016078)the Science and Technology Project of Qinhuangdao City(Grant No.201601B050)the Intramural Doctoral Foundation of Yanshan Universtiy(Grant No.B1011)
文摘We report the fabrication of long-period gratings （LPGs） in elliptical microfibers with femtosecond laser. Based on the numerical analysis of the modes and the mode coupling condition of elliptical microfibers, an LPG is fabricated with a very short pitch of 10 μm by periodically modifying the fiber surface, which demonstrates very strong polarization-dependent resonances, a very low temperature sensitivity of a few picometers in air, and high temperature sensitivity of -1.62 nm/℃ in refractive index oil.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ministry of Education of China(No.2232020G-04)National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1801500)。
文摘It is difficult to access exfoliated sepiolite(Sep)fibers with high aspect ratio from Sep ore.The traditional method used to purify Sep ore also reduces its aspect ratio.In this study,impurities in the Sep ore were removed by acid activation followed by a cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(C16)treatment to organically modify the purified Sep by cation exchange.Then,the organically-modified Sep(O-Sep)was stripped and processed by an ultrasonic cell crusher to obtain Sep microfibers at a specific frequency for a given period.These Sep samples had relatively high aspect ratio,compared with the Sep fibers gotten by traditional method.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)demonstrate the micro-morphology of exfoliated Sep samples in an intuitive way.Moreover,pure inorganic membrane prepared only with the exfoliated Sep fibers exhibited excellent flexibility,further demonstrating the excellent properties of Sep fibers with high aspect ratio.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYj20210324133214038).
文摘Fibers have been of great significance in our daily lives,especially in the industrial production of masks.Research in this area has been focused on developing microfibers with superior functions to enhance the filtration performances of the masks.Herein,inspired by the frog’s predation mechanism using its tongues to swiftly grab flying insects,we propose novel porous wettable microfibers from microfluidics to efficiently capture particles in the air for filtration.Upon pre-dispersing LP emulsions into polyurethane(PU),porous microfibers dispersed with oil droplets could be continuously spun from a co-flow microfluidic device based on the quick phase inversion of PU.To design an optimal system with frog-tongue-like interfacial adhesion properties,the wettability performances of the porous microfibers are investigated under full,partial,and no oil coverage conditions.When implemented in a mask,the 3D patterned networks based on the frog-tongue-inspired microfibers have been proven with remarkable particle capture performances while maintaining good air permeability.Based on these features,we believe that frog-tongue-inspired microfibers and their derived masks are of practical significance in multiple applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103149)State of Sericulture Industry Tech-nology System(No.CARS-18-ZJ0501)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plans(No.2021C02072-6)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743064)Zhejiang University Start-up Fund.
文摘Building high-performance aerogels with biomass-derived rather than fossil-derived polymers is an eco-friendlier option given the increasingly serious sustainability issues.Chitosan(CS)aero-gels with oriented pore structures exhibit broad application prospects owing to light weight,high porosity,and favorable bioactivity,but the dominating drawback in low mechanical strength greatly hinders their functional advantages.In this study,two types of silk microfibers with simi-lar diameter yet different aspect ratios(1-3(denoting as SmSF)and 50-100(denoting as LmSF))were used as fillers to reinforce CS aerogels prepared by directional freeze casting.The distinc-tion of SmSF and LmSF in size led to their notable variations in distribution pattern,as SmSF embedded within the individual CS lamellae while LmSF traversed throughout the adjacent CS lamellae,which in consequence significantly influence their mechanical reinforcing efficiency.The compressive strength values could be improved from 61.67 kPa(pure CS aerogel)to 82.13 kPa(SmSF/CS aerogel)and 165.03 kPa(LmSF/CS aerogel),respectively,attributing to the tran-sition in deformation mechanisms from a bending-to crumpling-dominated mode.In addition,the embedding or bridging structure could also change the liquid transportation property of CS aerogels.The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of applying filler-size-mediated strategy for material structural optimization.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFA0908200National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:T2225003,52073060,61927805+1 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20190813152616459,JCYJ20210324133214038Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2021B1515120054。
文摘Microfibers from natural products are endowed with remarkable biocompatibility,biodegradability,sustainable utilization as well as environmental protection char-acteristics etc.Benefitting from these advantages,microfibers have demonstrated their prominent values in biomedical applications.This review comprehensively summarizes the relevant research progress of sustainable microfibers from natural products and their biomedical applications.To begin,common natural elements are introduced for the microfiber fabrication.After that,the focus is on the specific fabri-cation technology and process.Subsequently,biomedical applications of sustainable microfibers are discussed in detail.Last but not least,the main challenges during the development process are summarized,followed by a vision for future development opportunities.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708).
文摘In various biomedical fields,noninvasive medical procedures are favored over invasive techniques,as the latter require major incisions or surgeries that cause bleeding,pain,and tissue scarring.The increased use of noninvasive biomedical equipment has created a demand for effective energy storage devices that are sufficiently compact to be used as a power source,easy to commercialize,and bio-friendly.Herein,we report the facile synthesis of nickel molybdenum oxide nanoparticle-infused biocarbon microfibers(NiMoO NPs@BCMFs)as a novel energy storage material.The microfibers were derived from the bracket fungus Laetiporus sulphureus.In a three-electrode system,the NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/nickel foam(NF)electrode delivered an areal capacity of 113µAh cm^(-2)at 1.5 mA cm^(-2),with excellent cycling stability.Its capacity retention was 104%,even after 20,000 cycles.Bare BCMFs were also synthesized from the fungal biomass to fabricate a negative BCMFs/NF electrode.This,together with the positive NiMoO NPs@BCMFs/NF electrode,was used to construct a bio-friendly(hybrid-type)micro-supercapacitor(BMSC),which exhibited maximum energy and power density values of 56µWh cm^(-2)and 11,250µW cm^(-2),respectively.When tested for its ability to power biomedical electronics,the BMSC device successfully operated an electrical muscle stimulator,inducing potential signals into a volunteer in real-time application.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278281 and 21991101)Sichuan University(2020SCUNG112)
文摘Soft strain sensors that can transduce stretch stimuli into electrical readouts are promising as sustainable wearable electronics.However,most strain sensors cannot achieve highly-sensitive and wide-range detection of ultralow and high strains.Inspired by bamboo structures,anti-freezing microfibers made of conductive poly(vinyl alcohol)hydrogel with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)are developed via continuous microfluidic spinning.The microfibers provide unique bamboo-like structures with enhanced local stress to improve both their length change and resistance change upon stretching for efficient signal conversion.The microfibers allow highlysensitive(detection limit:0.05%strain)and wide-range(0%-400%strain)detection of ultralow and high strains,as well as features of good stretchability(485%strain)and anti-freezing property(freezing temperature:-41.1°C),fast response(200 ms),and good repeatability.The experimental results,together with theoretical foundation analysis and finite element analysis,prove their enhanced length and resistance changes upon stretching for efficient signal conversion.By integrating microfluidic spinning with 3D-printing technique,the textiles of the microfibers can be flexibly constructed.The microfibers and their 3D-printed textiles enable highperformance monitoring of human motions including finger bending and throat vibrating during phonation.This work provides an efficient and general strategy for developing advanced conductive hydrogel microfibers as highperformance wearable strain sensors.
