澳门格兰披治大赛车(Macao Grand Prix,MGP)是澳门重要的标志性体育赛事(Hallmark Sport Event),对丰富城市旅游目的地形象具有重要意义。社区居民的参与及支持对提高节事的旅游吸引力有重要作用。基于这一背景,文章对未能观看2013年11...澳门格兰披治大赛车(Macao Grand Prix,MGP)是澳门重要的标志性体育赛事(Hallmark Sport Event),对丰富城市旅游目的地形象具有重要意义。社区居民的参与及支持对提高节事的旅游吸引力有重要作用。基于这一背景,文章对未能观看2013年11月(第60届)MGP的居民就"限制因素"(自变量)、"赛事休闲替代行为的参与"(中介变量)和"赛事支持度"(因变量)3个方面进行了调查并建立起分析模型。研究得出如下结论:(1)"个人内在"与"安全"两个方面的限制因素对因变量有非常显著的负向影响,而"社会身份"方面的因素则有显著的正向影响;(2)与赛事直接相关的休闲替代行为参与对赛事支持度有显著的正向影响,与赛事不直接相关休闲替代行为实施对赛事支持度则有显著的负向影响(但影响系数较低);(3)与赛事直接相关的两类休闲替代活动的参与在"社会身份"自变量与因变量之间存在完全的中介效应,同时在"个人内在"自变量与因变量之间存在不完全的中介效应。展开更多
The introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has reduced the burden of pests without harming the environment and human health.However,the efficacy of Bt cotton has decreased due to field-evolved resistance in ...The introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has reduced the burden of pests without harming the environment and human health.However,the efficacy of Bt cotton has decreased due to field-evolved resistance in insect pests over time.In this review,we have discussed various factors that facilitate the evolution of resistance in cotton pests.Currently,different strategies like pyramided cotton expressing two or more distinct Bt toxin genes,refuge strategy,releasing of sterile insects,and gene silencing by RNAi are being used to control insect pests.Pyramided cotton has shown resistance against different cotton pests.The multiple genes pyramiding and silencing(MGPS)approach has been proposed for the management of cotton pests.The genome information of cotton pests is necessary for the development of MGPS-based cotton.The expression cassettes against various essential genes involved in defense,detoxification,digestion,and development of cotton pests will successfully obtain favorable agronomic characters for crop protection and production.The MGPS involves the construction of transformable artificial chromosomes,that can express multiple distinct Bt toxins and RNAi to knockdown various essential target genes to control pests.The evolution of resistance in cotton pests will be delayed or blocked by the synergistic action of high dose of Bt toxins and RNAi as well as compliance of refuge requirement.展开更多
文摘澳门格兰披治大赛车(Macao Grand Prix,MGP)是澳门重要的标志性体育赛事(Hallmark Sport Event),对丰富城市旅游目的地形象具有重要意义。社区居民的参与及支持对提高节事的旅游吸引力有重要作用。基于这一背景,文章对未能观看2013年11月(第60届)MGP的居民就"限制因素"(自变量)、"赛事休闲替代行为的参与"(中介变量)和"赛事支持度"(因变量)3个方面进行了调查并建立起分析模型。研究得出如下结论:(1)"个人内在"与"安全"两个方面的限制因素对因变量有非常显著的负向影响,而"社会身份"方面的因素则有显著的正向影响;(2)与赛事直接相关的休闲替代行为参与对赛事支持度有显著的正向影响,与赛事不直接相关休闲替代行为实施对赛事支持度则有显著的负向影响(但影响系数较低);(3)与赛事直接相关的两类休闲替代活动的参与在"社会身份"自变量与因变量之间存在完全的中介效应,同时在"个人内在"自变量与因变量之间存在不完全的中介效应。
基金This work was supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Project of China(2019ZX08010004–004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901579).
文摘The introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has reduced the burden of pests without harming the environment and human health.However,the efficacy of Bt cotton has decreased due to field-evolved resistance in insect pests over time.In this review,we have discussed various factors that facilitate the evolution of resistance in cotton pests.Currently,different strategies like pyramided cotton expressing two or more distinct Bt toxin genes,refuge strategy,releasing of sterile insects,and gene silencing by RNAi are being used to control insect pests.Pyramided cotton has shown resistance against different cotton pests.The multiple genes pyramiding and silencing(MGPS)approach has been proposed for the management of cotton pests.The genome information of cotton pests is necessary for the development of MGPS-based cotton.The expression cassettes against various essential genes involved in defense,detoxification,digestion,and development of cotton pests will successfully obtain favorable agronomic characters for crop protection and production.The MGPS involves the construction of transformable artificial chromosomes,that can express multiple distinct Bt toxins and RNAi to knockdown various essential target genes to control pests.The evolution of resistance in cotton pests will be delayed or blocked by the synergistic action of high dose of Bt toxins and RNAi as well as compliance of refuge requirement.
