Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of ...Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.展开更多
基金supported by grants from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of the ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:Achromobacter xylosoxidans(A.xylosoxidans)subspecies strains are known to be opportunistic environmental inhabitants.Among the two species,A.xylosoxidans ssp.xylosoxidans is more commonly reported cause of nosocomial infections colonizing the hospital environment and medical devices,while A.xylosoxidans ssp.denitrificans(AD)strains are widely distributed in the abiotic environment.The present retrospective observational study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of AD infections in the Bareilly region,and to look into the effective herbal and conventional antimicrobial resistance profile of the strains identified at the laboratory.Methods:The present retrospective study analysed Clinical Microbiology laboratory data of Indian veterinary research Institute.The data for the last 14 years(2011-2024)was retrieved,tabulated and analysed using MS Excel program to determine significance of occurrence,and variation in antimicrobial resistance of the strains isolated from different sources usingχ2 and odds ratio analysis.Results:The study revealed that AD was detectable as a potential pathogen not only from environmental samples but also from 51 clinical cases(either as pure culture or mixed infection),and also from healthy humans and animals.The pathogen was most commonly associated with deaths in animals and birds due to septicaemia and was isolated is single pathogen from blood samples.It was also detected as single pathogen from cases of abortions,metritis,and urinary tract infections.However,from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis,diarrhoea,mastitis,wound infections,pyoderma and abscesses,and middle ear infections AD was isolated in association of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria.Of the 80 isolates in the study,68 had multiple drug resistance,and 21 produced metallo-β-lactamases responsible for resistance against most of theβ-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems.The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin,inhibiting 90.67%of the isolates,followed by tigecycline(85.00%),ciprofloxacin(80.77%),piperacillin tazobactam(80.65%);other antibiotics were effective against less than 80%of the isolates.Among the herbal antimicrobials,cinnamaldehyde,cinnamon oil,carvacrol,and ajowan oil inhibited 98.41%,85.07%,85.00%,and 83.75%of the isolates,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that in the Bareilly region in India,multiple-drug-resistance AD may be an emerging pathogen prevalent in environment and apparently healthy animals.More studies are warranted to understand the AD strains at molecular level to understand their zoonotic potential and circulation in the environment.
