Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high ene...Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high energy state of matter expanding outwards by spin jets from the two poles of an astronomical black hole, the new high energy state of matter in a funnel-shaped vortex showed a meteorological tornado expanding downwards from a rotated disk of cumulonimbus clouds, the new high energy state of matter in a tropical cyclone and the new high energy state of a nebulae system converging celestial materials are phenomena across disciplines and multiple time-space scales that have not yet been physically explained. In this paper, the theory of orthogonal collision in the rotational contraction continuum is used to unify the understanding of diverse extreme events or phenomena through a single dynamical mechanism, offering insights into natural processes across disciplines. In the field of astronomy, the orthogonal collision of two-beam rotating and contracting particles or stars associated with centripetal forces forms a new high-energy state of matter at the collision point and the new high-energy particles have expanding forces outward to both sides of the collision plane. In the field of meteorology, the orthogonal collision of multiple horizontally rotating and contracting airflows associated with centripetal forces forms a new high energy state of matter at the collision point as well as an updraft force and a downdraft force vertically. The updraft force and downdraft force formed by the collision of anomalous wet airflows in the lower atmosphere can well indicate tornado, thunderstorm and extreme precipitation. The orthogonal collision theory can be applied to explain new states of matter in disciplines from the astronomical scale to the meteorological scale and the Planck scale.展开更多
The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio...The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.展开更多
During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remain...During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.展开更多
Satellite remote sensing is essential for solar energy meteorology.The 14-channel Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager of the Fengyun-4 series of satellites performs a full-disc scan over greater China every 15 min...Satellite remote sensing is essential for solar energy meteorology.The 14-channel Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager of the Fengyun-4 series of satellites performs a full-disc scan over greater China every 15 min,providing highgranularity information that allows the retrieval of cloud properties,aerosol optical depth,and precipitable water vapor content,which can facilitate the acquisition of surface solar irradiance components through physical methods.Machinelearning methods have also shown potential in providing accurate end-to-end surface solar radiation retrievals.Albeit the physical principles of irradiance retrieval and machine-learning algorithms are fairly well known,the public service concerning disseminating the irradiance product to the energy and power industry still lacks robustness and consistency.In this perspective article,the status quo of Fengyun-4 irradiance products is first reviewed.Then,from the perspective of solar resource assessment and forecasting,three fundamental characteristics of the kind of irradiance products that are most serviceable to the solar energy sector are identified,namely,coverage,timeliness,and accessibility.Finally,an outlook on the new-generation Fengyun radiation service is put forward,and the prospective scientific and practical challenges are elaborated.展开更多
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences has long been a natural home for atmospheric scientists,but as the scope of the atmospheric sciences rapidly expands,it is logical and attractive to also broaden the scope of the journ...Advances in Atmospheric Sciences has long been a natural home for atmospheric scientists,but as the scope of the atmospheric sciences rapidly expands,it is logical and attractive to also broaden the scope of the journal.On this point,we are pleased to present this special topic on solar energy meteorology,a collection of five invited articles,addressing several important aspects including satellite remote sensing,solar system modeling,photovoltaic power forecasting,thermal balance of solar panels,and decarbonization strategy.All articles are contributed by established scientists,and readers can expect to enjoy the content of this special topic.展开更多
The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key feature...The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key features and accurately predict fault types due to the complexity of meteorological factors and their nonlinear relationships. In response to these challenges, we propose the Feature-Enhanced XGBoost power grid fault prediction method (FE-XGBoost). Specifically, we first combine the gradient boosting decision tree and recursive feature elimination method to extract essential features from meteorological data. Then, we incorporate a piecewise linear chaotic map to enhance the optimization accuracy of the sparrow search algorithm. Finally, we construct an XGBoost-based model for the classification prediction of power grid meteorological faults and optimize the hyperparameters such as the optimal tree depth, optimal learning rate, and optimal number of iterations using an enhanced sparrow search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline models in predicting power grid faults accurately.展开更多
The 18th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate was held on 31 May through 2 June 2023.The Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center hosted this hybrid workshop at the Pyle Center at the University of W...The 18th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate was held on 31 May through 2 June 2023.The Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center hosted this hybrid workshop at the Pyle Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison,WI,USA.Global members of the Antarctic meteorological community gathered to present and discuss topics from scientific research to operational support within Antarctic meteorology and climate.Students and early career professionals chaired various presentations and discussions while all attendees engaged to share results,build collaborative plans,and discuss further developments.The main workshop topics included updates on the current Automatic Weather Station(AWS)networks,challenges,and planning concerning Antarctic forecasting and operational services,Antarctic numerical modeling systems,observational applications and research,and Antarctic community and data sources.Across six sessions,over 25 different presenters elaborated on their work in areas such as field season updates,atmospheric rivers,remote sensing,the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System(AMPS),and forecasting challenges due to data scarcity.Workshop discussions resulted in several key outcomes and action items regarding fieldwork impacts,exploration of field techniques,observation coverage,and communication between operations and research scientists.Future workshops will provide opportunities for continued discussion on the evolution of the AWS network and operational needs while providing a venue to promote collaboration and cooperation for Antarctic meteorology and climate activities.展开更多
Since ancient times,calligraphy and meteorology have had an inseparable relationship.Wang Xizhi s Prologue to the Collection of Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion records the beautiful scenery of mild wind and brig...Since ancient times,calligraphy and meteorology have had an inseparable relationship.Wang Xizhi s Prologue to the Collection of Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion records the beautiful scenery of mild wind and bright sun,as well as the relaxed and joyful mood of people in such weather.Su Shi s Cold Food Calligraphy Copybook records the scenery of solar terms and the author s psychological changes during these solar terms through calligraphy.The Quick Snow and Clear Time Calligraphy Copybook also reflects the grandeur of snowy days and the customs of literati recording weather and sharing it with friends.In Sun Guoting s Shupu,it is clearly stated that the third element of the"five harmony and five obedience"refers to the clear sky,humid air,and pleasant climate,and excellent climatic conditions are conducive to writing.展开更多
The cultivation of"applied innovative talents"is of great significance for the transformation of talent cultivation methods in various majors of universities.Meteorology is a compulsory basic course for land...The cultivation of"applied innovative talents"is of great significance for the transformation of talent cultivation methods in various majors of universities.Meteorology is a compulsory basic course for landscape architecture major in universities,and is one of the compulsory basic courses for forestry,horticulture and other majors in similar universities in China.It is closely related to subsequent professional courses.The practical teaching system of meteorology under the new situation is studied and explored,and a complete curriculum system that combines the concept of cultivating"applied innovative talents"is established,which can achieve new breakthroughs in students hands-on ability and experimental level.The research results have certain reference value for similar universities.展开更多
In order to meet the needs of Agricultural Meteorology business and research,an edition system of agricultural meteorology short message was established based on the Microsoft Access 2000 database and visualization de...In order to meet the needs of Agricultural Meteorology business and research,an edition system of agricultural meteorology short message was established based on the Microsoft Access 2000 database and visualization developing software Visual Basic 6.0 in Liaoning Province.The basic principles of agro-meteorological text editing and system optimization ideas were pointed out.The meteorological conditions of the main crops growth needed in material library were introduced.展开更多
After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve we...After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve weather observations,quantification, forecasting, and warnings. The weather radar networks in China and other countries are also being upgraded with dual-polarization capability. Now, with radar polarimetry technology having matured, and PRD available both nationally and globally, it is important to understand the current status and future challenges and opportunities. The potential impact of PRD has been limited by their oftentimes subjective and empirical use. More importantly, the community has not begun to regularly derive from PRD the state parameters, such as water mixing ratios and number concentrations, used in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models.In this review, we summarize the current status of weather radar polarimetry, discuss the issues and limitations of PRD usage, and explore potential approaches to more efficiently use PRD for quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting based on statistical retrieval with physical constraints where prior information is used and observation error is included. This approach aligns the observation-based retrievals favored by the radar meteorology community with the model-based analysis of the NWP community. We also examine the challenges and opportunities of polarimetric phased array radar research and development for future weather observation.展开更多
There has been much progress in the study of tropical cyclones and tropical meteorology in China in the past few years. A new atmospheric field experiment of tropical cyclone landfall with the acronym of CLATEX (China...There has been much progress in the study of tropical cyclones and tropical meteorology in China in the past few years. A new atmospheric field experiment of tropical cyclone landfall with the acronym of CLATEX (China Landfalling Typhoon Experiment) was implemented in July-August 2002. The boundary layer characteristics of the target typhoon Vongfong and the mesoscale structural features of other land-falling typhoons were studied. In addition, typhoon track operational forecasting errors in the last decade have been reduced because the operational monitoring equipment and forecast techniques were improved. Some results from the research program on tropical cvclone landfall, structure and intensity change, inten-sification near coastal waters, interaction between tropical cyclone and mid-latitude circulation, and the interaction among different scales of motion are described in this paper. Four major meteorological scien-tific experiments in China with international cooperation were implemented in 1998: the South China Sea monsoon field experiment (SCSMEX), the Tibetan Plateau field experiment (TIPEX), the Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle experiment (HUBEX), and the South China heavy rain scientific experiment (HUAMEX). Although these field experiments have different scientific objectives, they commonly relate to monsoon activities and they interact with each other. The valuable intensive observation data that were obtained have already been shared internationally. Some new findings have been published recently. Other research work in China, such as the tropical air-sea interaction, tropical atmospheric circulation, and weather systems, are reviewed in this paper as well. Some research results have shown that the rainfall anomalies for different regions in China were closely related to the stages of El Nino events.展开更多
Due to the influences of precursors emissions,meteorology,geography and other factors,ozone formation sensitivity(OFS)is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous.This study characterized detailed spatial and t...Due to the influences of precursors emissions,meteorology,geography and other factors,ozone formation sensitivity(OFS)is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous.This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data,and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions,meteorology and land use types(LUTs).From 2012 to 2016,the OFS tended to be NOx-limited in GBA,with the value of FNR(HCHO/NO 2)increasing from 2.04 to 2.22.According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors,NOx emissions decreased by 33.1%and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2%from 2012 to 2016,directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO x-limited.The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water(TCW),surface net solar radiation(SSR),air temperature at 2 m(T2)and surface pressure(SP)are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS.There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2,SSR,TCW,and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP.In GBA,the OFS tends to be NO x-limited regime in wet season(higher T2,SSR,TCW and lower SP)and VOCs-limited regime in dry season(lower T2,SSR,TCW and higher SP).The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs,with the highest in“Rural areas”,second in“Suburban areas”and lowest in“Urban areas”.展开更多
Continuous aggravated surface O_(3) over North China Plain(NCP)has attracted widely public concern.Herein,we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols,precursor emissions,and meteorology on O_(3) in summer(June)of ...Continuous aggravated surface O_(3) over North China Plain(NCP)has attracted widely public concern.Herein,we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols,precursor emissions,and meteorology on O_(3) in summer(June)of 2015–2019 over NCP via 8 scenarios with WRF-Chem model.The simulated mean MDA8 O_(3) in urban areas of 13 major cities in NCP increased by 17.1%∼34.8%,which matched well with the observations(10.8%∼33.1%).Meanwhile,the model could faithfully reproduce the changes in aerosol loads,precursors,and meteorological conditions.A relatively-even O_(3) increase(+1.2%∼+3.9%for 24-h O_(3) and+1.0%∼+3.8%for MDA8 O_(3))was induced by PM_(2.5) dropping,which was consistent with the geographic distribution of regional PM_(2.5) reduction.Meanwhile,the NO_(2) reduction coupled with a nearconstant VOCs led to the elevated VOCs/NOx ratios,and then caused O_(3) rising in the areas under VOCs-limited regimes.Therein,the pronounced increases occurred in Handan,Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,and Langfang(+10.7%∼+13.6%for 24-h O_(3) and+10.2%∼+12.2%forMDA8 O_(3));while the increases in other citieswere 5.7%∼10.5%for 24-h O_(3) and 4.9%∼9.2%for MDA8 O_(3).Besides,the meteorological fluctuations brought about the more noticeable O_(3) increases in northern parts(+12.5%∼+13.5%for 24-h O_(3) and+11.2%∼+12.4%for MDA8 O_(3))than those in southern and central parts(+3.2%∼+9.3%for 24-h O_(3) and+3.7%∼+8.8%for MDA8 O_(3)).The sum of the impacts of the three drivers reached 16.7%∼21.9%,which were comparable to the changes of the observed O_(3).Therefore,exploring reasonable emissionsreduction strategies is essential for the ozone pollution mitigation over this region.展开更多
A heavy 16-day pollution episode occurred in Beijing from December 19, 2015 to January 3,2016. The mean daily AQI and PM2.5 were 240.44 and 203.6 μg/m^3. We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutan...A heavy 16-day pollution episode occurred in Beijing from December 19, 2015 to January 3,2016. The mean daily AQI and PM2.5 were 240.44 and 203.6 μg/m^3. We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology and road space speed during this period, then extended to reveal the combined effects of traffic restrictions and meteorology on urban air quality with observational data and a multivariate mutual information model. Results of spatiotemporal analysis showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on evolution of PM2.5 concentration and weather conditions. Southern sites（DX, YDM and DS） experienced heavier pollution than northern ones（DL, CP and WL）. Stage P2 exhibited combined functions of meteorology and traffic restrictions which were delayed peak-clipping effects on PM2.5.Mutual information values of Air quality–Traffic–Meteorology（ATM–MI） revealed that additive functions of traffic restrictions, suitable relative humidity and temperature were more effective on the removal of fine particles and CO than NO2.展开更多
The progresses of marine meteorology studies achieved in China during the four year period from 1999 to 2002 are summarized in six directions: air-sea flux, marine meteorology in high latitudes, marine disasters, conn...The progresses of marine meteorology studies achieved in China during the four year period from 1999 to 2002 are summarized in six directions: air-sea flux, marine meteorology in high latitudes, marine disasters, connection between ocean and weather/climate in China, remote sensing applications and new methodologies in marine meteorology. Compared to the previous ones, these studies adopted much more first-hand datasets, and more scientific issues were involved. As an exciting remark, there were so many contributions done by the young scientists. A brief statement about the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is also given.展开更多
Considering the problem that the scattering echo images of airborne Doppler weather radar are often reduced by ground clutters,the accuracy and confidence of meteorology target detection are reduced.In this paper,a de...Considering the problem that the scattering echo images of airborne Doppler weather radar are often reduced by ground clutters,the accuracy and confidence of meteorology target detection are reduced.In this paper,a deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)is proposed for meteorology target detection and ground clutter suppression with a large collection of airborne weather radar images as network input.For each weather radar image,the corresponding digital elevation model(DEM)image is extracted on basis of the radar antenna scan-ning parameters and plane position,and is further fed to the net-work as a supplement for ground clutter suppression.The fea-tures of actual meteorology targets are learned in each bottle-neck module of the proposed network and convolved into deeper iterations in the forward propagation process.Then the network parameters are updated by the back propagation itera-tion of the training error.Experimental results on the real mea-sured images show that our proposed DCNN outperforms the counterparts in terms of six evaluation factors.Meanwhile,the network outputs are in good agreement with the expected mete-orology detection results(labels).It is demonstrated that the pro-posed network would have a promising meteorology observa-tion application with minimal effort on network variables or parameter changes.展开更多
The progress in marine meteorology research achieved by scientists in China during the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 is summarized under four categories： marine disaster study, typhoon over the ocean, ocean-atmo...The progress in marine meteorology research achieved by scientists in China during the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 is summarized under four categories： marine disaster study, typhoon over the ocean, ocean-atmosphere monitoring technology, and ocean-atmosphere forecasting technology. Compared to the previous four years, many more first-hand datasets have been obtained and more scientific issues have been addressed. In particular, many contributions have been made by young scientists. A brief statement on the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is given at the end.展开更多
Within the context of developing a research presence in the Antarctic region, the first phase of the Chinese Polar Programs covered the period 2011-2015, which almost coincided with the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-2015...Within the context of developing a research presence in the Antarctic region, the first phase of the Chinese Polar Programs covered the period 2011-2015, which almost coincided with the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-2015）. For the promotion of full understanding of the progress of Chinese expeditions and research in Antarctica, the observations and achievements of cruises during 2011-2015 are summarized in this paper. Four Antarctic cruises （28th-31st） were performed in the Prydz Bay and Antarctic Peninsula regions during the first phase of the Polar Programs. These cruises performed systemic collections of physical oceanographic and meteorological data to support further research on the ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions in Antarctica. Overall, 248 CTD/LADCP stations, 66 microstructure profiles, 507 XBT/XCTDs, 181 air sounding balloons, 58000 total gaseous mercury （TGM） concentrations, 452 aerosol samples, 294 atmospheric samples, 11 moorings, and 28 surface drifters were acquired or deployed during the four cruises. Using these extensive observations and other data, Chinese scientists have achieved new recognition in the fields of Southern Ocean physical oceanography and meteorology, as well as in other interdisciplinary subjects. These studies, which have been associated with scientific techniques, instrumentation, ocean circulation, water mass formation, energy transformation, and carbon uptake, have elucidated the dynamic mechanisms and potential effects of climate change in Antarctica. Finally, some observations based on experience gained during previous Chinese Antarctic Research and Expedition campaigns are summarized with advice for the improvement of future investigations in the Antarctic region.展开更多
To study the cooperative development mechanism of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai,we analyze the situation of ocean meteorological modernization in Huang-Bohai with the method of an new five-force mo...To study the cooperative development mechanism of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai,we analyze the situation of ocean meteorological modernization in Huang-Bohai with the method of an new five-force model and the analyses of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis).As the research results shown,the advantages of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai mainly include three aspects which are ocean meteorological observation system,ocean meteorological warning information release and the construction of ocean meteorological center;the disadvantages contain that stereo-observation ability of the ocean meteorology is insufficiency,and the precision forecast technology and the cooperative development are deficiency in ocean meteorology;opportunities also include three aspects which are "The Belt and Road",and development of new technology and new warning system on meteorology disasters;threats mainly contain the main influencing weather system,the potential social competition and hazard factors.The use of different functions and combination innovation of five forces,i.e.,attractiveness,cohesiveness,radiating power,repulsiveness and affinity,could promote the cooperative development of ocean meteorological modernization in the Huang-Bohai.展开更多
文摘Astronomical extreme events or phenomena include black holes as well as nebulae systems that resemble the Milky Way. Meteorological extreme events or phenomena include tornadoes and tropical cyclones. The new high energy state of matter expanding outwards by spin jets from the two poles of an astronomical black hole, the new high energy state of matter in a funnel-shaped vortex showed a meteorological tornado expanding downwards from a rotated disk of cumulonimbus clouds, the new high energy state of matter in a tropical cyclone and the new high energy state of a nebulae system converging celestial materials are phenomena across disciplines and multiple time-space scales that have not yet been physically explained. In this paper, the theory of orthogonal collision in the rotational contraction continuum is used to unify the understanding of diverse extreme events or phenomena through a single dynamical mechanism, offering insights into natural processes across disciplines. In the field of astronomy, the orthogonal collision of two-beam rotating and contracting particles or stars associated with centripetal forces forms a new high-energy state of matter at the collision point and the new high-energy particles have expanding forces outward to both sides of the collision plane. In the field of meteorology, the orthogonal collision of multiple horizontally rotating and contracting airflows associated with centripetal forces forms a new high energy state of matter at the collision point as well as an updraft force and a downdraft force vertically. The updraft force and downdraft force formed by the collision of anomalous wet airflows in the lower atmosphere can well indicate tornado, thunderstorm and extreme precipitation. The orthogonal collision theory can be applied to explain new states of matter in disciplines from the astronomical scale to the meteorological scale and the Planck scale.
基金support from the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2205398,2233182,1951720,1951603,2301362).
文摘The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42075097 and 42177081)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3706103)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0760200)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8222075)the Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2021-10)。
文摘During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.42375192)。
文摘Satellite remote sensing is essential for solar energy meteorology.The 14-channel Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager of the Fengyun-4 series of satellites performs a full-disc scan over greater China every 15 min,providing highgranularity information that allows the retrieval of cloud properties,aerosol optical depth,and precipitable water vapor content,which can facilitate the acquisition of surface solar irradiance components through physical methods.Machinelearning methods have also shown potential in providing accurate end-to-end surface solar radiation retrievals.Albeit the physical principles of irradiance retrieval and machine-learning algorithms are fairly well known,the public service concerning disseminating the irradiance product to the energy and power industry still lacks robustness and consistency.In this perspective article,the status quo of Fengyun-4 irradiance products is first reviewed.Then,from the perspective of solar resource assessment and forecasting,three fundamental characteristics of the kind of irradiance products that are most serviceable to the solar energy sector are identified,namely,coverage,timeliness,and accessibility.Finally,an outlook on the new-generation Fengyun radiation service is put forward,and the prospective scientific and practical challenges are elaborated.
文摘Advances in Atmospheric Sciences has long been a natural home for atmospheric scientists,but as the scope of the atmospheric sciences rapidly expands,it is logical and attractive to also broaden the scope of the journal.On this point,we are pleased to present this special topic on solar energy meteorology,a collection of five invited articles,addressing several important aspects including satellite remote sensing,solar system modeling,photovoltaic power forecasting,thermal balance of solar panels,and decarbonization strategy.All articles are contributed by established scientists,and readers can expect to enjoy the content of this special topic.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(Research on Power Meteorology Digitalization Application for Future Climate Scenarios and New Energy Operation Risks,J2023076).
文摘The prediction of power grid faults based on meteorological factors is of great significance to reduce economic losses caused by power grid faults. However, the existing methods fail to effectively extract key features and accurately predict fault types due to the complexity of meteorological factors and their nonlinear relationships. In response to these challenges, we propose the Feature-Enhanced XGBoost power grid fault prediction method (FE-XGBoost). Specifically, we first combine the gradient boosting decision tree and recursive feature elimination method to extract essential features from meteorological data. Then, we incorporate a piecewise linear chaotic map to enhance the optimization accuracy of the sparrow search algorithm. Finally, we construct an XGBoost-based model for the classification prediction of power grid meteorological faults and optimize the hyperparameters such as the optimal tree depth, optimal learning rate, and optimal number of iterations using an enhanced sparrow search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline models in predicting power grid faults accurately.
基金the support from the Office of Polar Programs,National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.1924730,1951720,1951603,and 2205398),which is greatly appreciated.
文摘The 18th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate was held on 31 May through 2 June 2023.The Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center hosted this hybrid workshop at the Pyle Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison,WI,USA.Global members of the Antarctic meteorological community gathered to present and discuss topics from scientific research to operational support within Antarctic meteorology and climate.Students and early career professionals chaired various presentations and discussions while all attendees engaged to share results,build collaborative plans,and discuss further developments.The main workshop topics included updates on the current Automatic Weather Station(AWS)networks,challenges,and planning concerning Antarctic forecasting and operational services,Antarctic numerical modeling systems,observational applications and research,and Antarctic community and data sources.Across six sessions,over 25 different presenters elaborated on their work in areas such as field season updates,atmospheric rivers,remote sensing,the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System(AMPS),and forecasting challenges due to data scarcity.Workshop discussions resulted in several key outcomes and action items regarding fieldwork impacts,exploration of field techniques,observation coverage,and communication between operations and research scientists.Future workshops will provide opportunities for continued discussion on the evolution of the AWS network and operational needs while providing a venue to promote collaboration and cooperation for Antarctic meteorology and climate activities.
文摘Since ancient times,calligraphy and meteorology have had an inseparable relationship.Wang Xizhi s Prologue to the Collection of Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion records the beautiful scenery of mild wind and bright sun,as well as the relaxed and joyful mood of people in such weather.Su Shi s Cold Food Calligraphy Copybook records the scenery of solar terms and the author s psychological changes during these solar terms through calligraphy.The Quick Snow and Clear Time Calligraphy Copybook also reflects the grandeur of snowy days and the customs of literati recording weather and sharing it with friends.In Sun Guoting s Shupu,it is clearly stated that the third element of the"five harmony and five obedience"refers to the clear sky,humid air,and pleasant climate,and excellent climatic conditions are conducive to writing.
基金Supported by 2022 Anhui Provincial Department of Education Provincal Quality Engineering Project(2022zybj107,2022xskc104)2022 Key Project of Teaching and Research at the University Level of West Anhui University(wxxy2022108).
文摘The cultivation of"applied innovative talents"is of great significance for the transformation of talent cultivation methods in various majors of universities.Meteorology is a compulsory basic course for landscape architecture major in universities,and is one of the compulsory basic courses for forestry,horticulture and other majors in similar universities in China.It is closely related to subsequent professional courses.The practical teaching system of meteorology under the new situation is studied and explored,and a complete curriculum system that combines the concept of cultivating"applied innovative talents"is established,which can achieve new breakthroughs in students hands-on ability and experimental level.The research results have certain reference value for similar universities.
基金Supported by The Innovation Team in Liaoning Meteorological Technology Service Center
文摘In order to meet the needs of Agricultural Meteorology business and research,an edition system of agricultural meteorology short message was established based on the Microsoft Access 2000 database and visualization developing software Visual Basic 6.0 in Liaoning Province.The basic principles of agro-meteorological text editing and system optimization ideas were pointed out.The meteorological conditions of the main crops growth needed in material library were introduced.
基金supported by the NOAA (Grant Nos. NA16AOR4320115 and NA11OAR4320072)NSF (Grant No. AGS-1341878)
文摘After decades of research and development, the WSR-88 D(NEXRAD) network in the United States was upgraded with dual-polarization capability, providing polarimetric radar data(PRD) that have the potential to improve weather observations,quantification, forecasting, and warnings. The weather radar networks in China and other countries are also being upgraded with dual-polarization capability. Now, with radar polarimetry technology having matured, and PRD available both nationally and globally, it is important to understand the current status and future challenges and opportunities. The potential impact of PRD has been limited by their oftentimes subjective and empirical use. More importantly, the community has not begun to regularly derive from PRD the state parameters, such as water mixing ratios and number concentrations, used in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models.In this review, we summarize the current status of weather radar polarimetry, discuss the issues and limitations of PRD usage, and explore potential approaches to more efficiently use PRD for quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting based on statistical retrieval with physical constraints where prior information is used and observation error is included. This approach aligns the observation-based retrievals favored by the radar meteorology community with the model-based analysis of the NWP community. We also examine the challenges and opportunities of polarimetric phased array radar research and development for future weather observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40175019 and 40275018the Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No.2001DIA20026.
文摘There has been much progress in the study of tropical cyclones and tropical meteorology in China in the past few years. A new atmospheric field experiment of tropical cyclone landfall with the acronym of CLATEX (China Landfalling Typhoon Experiment) was implemented in July-August 2002. The boundary layer characteristics of the target typhoon Vongfong and the mesoscale structural features of other land-falling typhoons were studied. In addition, typhoon track operational forecasting errors in the last decade have been reduced because the operational monitoring equipment and forecast techniques were improved. Some results from the research program on tropical cvclone landfall, structure and intensity change, inten-sification near coastal waters, interaction between tropical cyclone and mid-latitude circulation, and the interaction among different scales of motion are described in this paper. Four major meteorological scien-tific experiments in China with international cooperation were implemented in 1998: the South China Sea monsoon field experiment (SCSMEX), the Tibetan Plateau field experiment (TIPEX), the Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle experiment (HUBEX), and the South China heavy rain scientific experiment (HUAMEX). Although these field experiments have different scientific objectives, they commonly relate to monsoon activities and they interact with each other. The valuable intensive observation data that were obtained have already been shared internationally. Some new findings have been published recently. Other research work in China, such as the tropical air-sea interaction, tropical atmospheric circulation, and weather systems, are reviewed in this paper as well. Some research results have shown that the rainfall anomalies for different regions in China were closely related to the stages of El Nino events.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41605092)and the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0212801)We acknowledge the Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service for OMI tropospheric NO 2 column and HCHO column products.We also thank Tsinghua University,ECMWF and NASA for free access to the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China(MEIC)data,the reanalysis meteorological data(ERA-Interim)and the MODIS land cover type product(MCD12Q1),respectively.
文摘Due to the influences of precursors emissions,meteorology,geography and other factors,ozone formation sensitivity(OFS)is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous.This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data,and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions,meteorology and land use types(LUTs).From 2012 to 2016,the OFS tended to be NOx-limited in GBA,with the value of FNR(HCHO/NO 2)increasing from 2.04 to 2.22.According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors,NOx emissions decreased by 33.1%and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2%from 2012 to 2016,directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO x-limited.The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water(TCW),surface net solar radiation(SSR),air temperature at 2 m(T2)and surface pressure(SP)are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS.There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2,SSR,TCW,and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP.In GBA,the OFS tends to be NO x-limited regime in wet season(higher T2,SSR,TCW and lower SP)and VOCs-limited regime in dry season(lower T2,SSR,TCW and higher SP).The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs,with the highest in“Rural areas”,second in“Suburban areas”and lowest in“Urban areas”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978010,52022005).
文摘Continuous aggravated surface O_(3) over North China Plain(NCP)has attracted widely public concern.Herein,we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols,precursor emissions,and meteorology on O_(3) in summer(June)of 2015–2019 over NCP via 8 scenarios with WRF-Chem model.The simulated mean MDA8 O_(3) in urban areas of 13 major cities in NCP increased by 17.1%∼34.8%,which matched well with the observations(10.8%∼33.1%).Meanwhile,the model could faithfully reproduce the changes in aerosol loads,precursors,and meteorological conditions.A relatively-even O_(3) increase(+1.2%∼+3.9%for 24-h O_(3) and+1.0%∼+3.8%for MDA8 O_(3))was induced by PM_(2.5) dropping,which was consistent with the geographic distribution of regional PM_(2.5) reduction.Meanwhile,the NO_(2) reduction coupled with a nearconstant VOCs led to the elevated VOCs/NOx ratios,and then caused O_(3) rising in the areas under VOCs-limited regimes.Therein,the pronounced increases occurred in Handan,Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,and Langfang(+10.7%∼+13.6%for 24-h O_(3) and+10.2%∼+12.2%forMDA8 O_(3));while the increases in other citieswere 5.7%∼10.5%for 24-h O_(3) and 4.9%∼9.2%for MDA8 O_(3).Besides,the meteorological fluctuations brought about the more noticeable O_(3) increases in northern parts(+12.5%∼+13.5%for 24-h O_(3) and+11.2%∼+12.4%for MDA8 O_(3))than those in southern and central parts(+3.2%∼+9.3%for 24-h O_(3) and+3.7%∼+8.8%for MDA8 O_(3)).The sum of the impacts of the three drivers reached 16.7%∼21.9%,which were comparable to the changes of the observed O_(3).Therefore,exploring reasonable emissionsreduction strategies is essential for the ozone pollution mitigation over this region.
基金conducted as part of the project "Concentration prediction of urban air pollutants based on deep learning" funded by Doctoral scholarship program of Tsinghua Universitypartly financial support is also provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61304199 41471333)
文摘A heavy 16-day pollution episode occurred in Beijing from December 19, 2015 to January 3,2016. The mean daily AQI and PM2.5 were 240.44 and 203.6 μg/m^3. We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology and road space speed during this period, then extended to reveal the combined effects of traffic restrictions and meteorology on urban air quality with observational data and a multivariate mutual information model. Results of spatiotemporal analysis showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on evolution of PM2.5 concentration and weather conditions. Southern sites（DX, YDM and DS） experienced heavier pollution than northern ones（DL, CP and WL）. Stage P2 exhibited combined functions of meteorology and traffic restrictions which were delayed peak-clipping effects on PM2.5.Mutual information values of Air quality–Traffic–Meteorology（ATM–MI） revealed that additive functions of traffic restrictions, suitable relative humidity and temperature were more effective on the removal of fine particles and CO than NO2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40136010)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2001DIA50041)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX-2-205).
文摘The progresses of marine meteorology studies achieved in China during the four year period from 1999 to 2002 are summarized in six directions: air-sea flux, marine meteorology in high latitudes, marine disasters, connection between ocean and weather/climate in China, remote sensing applications and new methodologies in marine meteorology. Compared to the previous ones, these studies adopted much more first-hand datasets, and more scientific issues were involved. As an exciting remark, there were so many contributions done by the young scientists. A brief statement about the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is also given.
基金supported by the China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Foundation and Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(ASFC-201920007002)the National Key Research and Development Plan(2021YFB1600603)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Technology,Civil Aviation University of China.
文摘Considering the problem that the scattering echo images of airborne Doppler weather radar are often reduced by ground clutters,the accuracy and confidence of meteorology target detection are reduced.In this paper,a deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)is proposed for meteorology target detection and ground clutter suppression with a large collection of airborne weather radar images as network input.For each weather radar image,the corresponding digital elevation model(DEM)image is extracted on basis of the radar antenna scan-ning parameters and plane position,and is further fed to the net-work as a supplement for ground clutter suppression.The fea-tures of actual meteorology targets are learned in each bottle-neck module of the proposed network and convolved into deeper iterations in the forward propagation process.Then the network parameters are updated by the back propagation itera-tion of the training error.Experimental results on the real mea-sured images show that our proposed DCNN outperforms the counterparts in terms of six evaluation factors.Meanwhile,the network outputs are in good agreement with the expected mete-orology detection results(labels).It is demonstrated that the pro-posed network would have a promising meteorology observa-tion application with minimal effort on network variables or parameter changes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U0733002, 40506008 and 40576013)
文摘The progress in marine meteorology research achieved by scientists in China during the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 is summarized under four categories： marine disaster study, typhoon over the ocean, ocean-atmosphere monitoring technology, and ocean-atmosphere forecasting technology. Compared to the previous four years, many more first-hand datasets have been obtained and more scientific issues have been addressed. In particular, many contributions have been made by young scientists. A brief statement on the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is given at the end.
基金supported by the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programs (Grant nos. CHINARE2017-01-01, CHINARE2017-04-01)the National Natural Science Fund of China (Grant nos. 41306206, U1406404)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China (Grant no. 2015P06)
文摘Within the context of developing a research presence in the Antarctic region, the first phase of the Chinese Polar Programs covered the period 2011-2015, which almost coincided with the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-2015）. For the promotion of full understanding of the progress of Chinese expeditions and research in Antarctica, the observations and achievements of cruises during 2011-2015 are summarized in this paper. Four Antarctic cruises （28th-31st） were performed in the Prydz Bay and Antarctic Peninsula regions during the first phase of the Polar Programs. These cruises performed systemic collections of physical oceanographic and meteorological data to support further research on the ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions in Antarctica. Overall, 248 CTD/LADCP stations, 66 microstructure profiles, 507 XBT/XCTDs, 181 air sounding balloons, 58000 total gaseous mercury （TGM） concentrations, 452 aerosol samples, 294 atmospheric samples, 11 moorings, and 28 surface drifters were acquired or deployed during the four cruises. Using these extensive observations and other data, Chinese scientists have achieved new recognition in the fields of Southern Ocean physical oceanography and meteorology, as well as in other interdisciplinary subjects. These studies, which have been associated with scientific techniques, instrumentation, ocean circulation, water mass formation, energy transformation, and carbon uptake, have elucidated the dynamic mechanisms and potential effects of climate change in Antarctica. Finally, some observations based on experience gained during previous Chinese Antarctic Research and Expedition campaigns are summarized with advice for the improvement of future investigations in the Antarctic region.
基金Supported by the Collaborative Innovation of Funding of Meteorological Science and Technique in Huang-Bohai Region(QYXM201801)
文摘To study the cooperative development mechanism of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai,we analyze the situation of ocean meteorological modernization in Huang-Bohai with the method of an new five-force model and the analyses of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis).As the research results shown,the advantages of ocean meteorological modernization of Huang-Bohai mainly include three aspects which are ocean meteorological observation system,ocean meteorological warning information release and the construction of ocean meteorological center;the disadvantages contain that stereo-observation ability of the ocean meteorology is insufficiency,and the precision forecast technology and the cooperative development are deficiency in ocean meteorology;opportunities also include three aspects which are "The Belt and Road",and development of new technology and new warning system on meteorology disasters;threats mainly contain the main influencing weather system,the potential social competition and hazard factors.The use of different functions and combination innovation of five forces,i.e.,attractiveness,cohesiveness,radiating power,repulsiveness and affinity,could promote the cooperative development of ocean meteorological modernization in the Huang-Bohai.
