磷酸氢钙反应是制备磷酸盐产品的重要工艺步骤之一。MER值(Magnesium to Extractable Phosphorus Ratio)作为一个衡量磷酸氢钙反应过程中杂质含量的指标,对反应过程的影响引起了广泛的关注。通过研究液相中的反应物扩散过程、杂质产物...磷酸氢钙反应是制备磷酸盐产品的重要工艺步骤之一。MER值(Magnesium to Extractable Phosphorus Ratio)作为一个衡量磷酸氢钙反应过程中杂质含量的指标,对反应过程的影响引起了广泛的关注。通过研究液相中的反应物扩散过程、杂质产物对固体膜和液体膜的影响、磷酸电离与氢离子活度变化的关系以及镁离子对反应速率和能耗的影响,探讨了MER值对磷酸氢钙反应过程的影响机制。实验结果表明,较高的MER值会导致反应物扩散受阻、杂质产物影响反应进行、磷酸电离减弱以及反应速率降低。因此,在工业生产中,需要控制和优化MER值,以提高反应过程的效果和产物的纯度。这些研究结果对于磷酸氢钙反应的工艺改进和优化具有重要的指导意义。展开更多
Block copolymers are a class of soft matter that self-assemble to form ordered morphologies on the scale of nanome- ters, making them ideal materials for various applications. These applications directly depend on the...Block copolymers are a class of soft matter that self-assemble to form ordered morphologies on the scale of nanome- ters, making them ideal materials for various applications. These applications directly depend on the shape and size of the self-assembled morphologies, and hence, a high degree of control over the self-assembly is desired. Grafting block copolymer chains onto a substrate to form copolymer brushes is a versatile method to fabricate functional surfaces. Such surfaces demonstrate a response to their environment, i.e., they change their surface topography in response to different external conditions. Furthermore, such surfaces may possess nanoscale patterns, which are important for some applica- tions; however, such patterns may not form with spun-cast films under the same condition. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the self-assembly of block copolymers grafted onto a flat substrate. We mainly concentrate on the self-assembled morphologies of end-grafted AB dibloek eopolymers, junction p0int-grafted AB diblock copolymers （i.e., Y-shaped brushes）, and end-grafted ABA triblock copolymers. Special emphasis is placed on theoretical and simulation progress.展开更多
磁能恢复开关MERS(magnetic energy recovery switch)是一种新型的无功补偿装置,它相较于其他无功补偿装置,具有结构简单、易于控制和损耗低等诸多优点,但在进行无功功率补偿的过程中会产生谐波电流。首先,在对MERS的结构和控制方法阐...磁能恢复开关MERS(magnetic energy recovery switch)是一种新型的无功补偿装置,它相较于其他无功补偿装置,具有结构简单、易于控制和损耗低等诸多优点,但在进行无功功率补偿的过程中会产生谐波电流。首先,在对MERS的结构和控制方法阐述的基础上建立了三相对称系统中SVC-MERS的数学模型,讨论分析了控制参数对三相对称系统中线电流谐波特性的影响;进而提出了控制参数的优化设计方法。仿真和实验结果表明,通过控制参数的优化设计可以有效地减小三相对称系统中线电流的谐波含量,所提控制参数的优化设计方法是可行的。展开更多
文摘磷酸氢钙反应是制备磷酸盐产品的重要工艺步骤之一。MER值(Magnesium to Extractable Phosphorus Ratio)作为一个衡量磷酸氢钙反应过程中杂质含量的指标,对反应过程的影响引起了广泛的关注。通过研究液相中的反应物扩散过程、杂质产物对固体膜和液体膜的影响、磷酸电离与氢离子活度变化的关系以及镁离子对反应速率和能耗的影响,探讨了MER值对磷酸氢钙反应过程的影响机制。实验结果表明,较高的MER值会导致反应物扩散受阻、杂质产物影响反应进行、磷酸电离减弱以及反应速率降低。因此,在工业生产中,需要控制和优化MER值,以提高反应过程的效果和产物的纯度。这些研究结果对于磷酸氢钙反应的工艺改进和优化具有重要的指导意义。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20990234,20925414,and 91227121)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(Grant No.IRT1257)+1 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,Chinaby the Tianhe No.1,China
文摘Block copolymers are a class of soft matter that self-assemble to form ordered morphologies on the scale of nanome- ters, making them ideal materials for various applications. These applications directly depend on the shape and size of the self-assembled morphologies, and hence, a high degree of control over the self-assembly is desired. Grafting block copolymer chains onto a substrate to form copolymer brushes is a versatile method to fabricate functional surfaces. Such surfaces demonstrate a response to their environment, i.e., they change their surface topography in response to different external conditions. Furthermore, such surfaces may possess nanoscale patterns, which are important for some applica- tions; however, such patterns may not form with spun-cast films under the same condition. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the self-assembly of block copolymers grafted onto a flat substrate. We mainly concentrate on the self-assembled morphologies of end-grafted AB dibloek eopolymers, junction p0int-grafted AB diblock copolymers （i.e., Y-shaped brushes）, and end-grafted ABA triblock copolymers. Special emphasis is placed on theoretical and simulation progress.
文摘磁能恢复开关MERS(magnetic energy recovery switch)是一种新型的无功补偿装置,它相较于其他无功补偿装置,具有结构简单、易于控制和损耗低等诸多优点,但在进行无功功率补偿的过程中会产生谐波电流。首先,在对MERS的结构和控制方法阐述的基础上建立了三相对称系统中SVC-MERS的数学模型,讨论分析了控制参数对三相对称系统中线电流谐波特性的影响;进而提出了控制参数的优化设计方法。仿真和实验结果表明,通过控制参数的优化设计可以有效地减小三相对称系统中线电流的谐波含量,所提控制参数的优化设计方法是可行的。
