Background:The Undergraduate Research Mentorship Program(URMP)at the University of Pittsburgh(UPitt),School of Nursing(SoN)was envisioned and implemented in the 2008 e2009 academic year to expose undergraduate student...Background:The Undergraduate Research Mentorship Program(URMP)at the University of Pittsburgh(UPitt),School of Nursing(SoN)was envisioned and implemented in the 2008 e2009 academic year to expose undergraduate students to research early in their college educational experiences.Moreover,the URMP is a method to retain current students and attract new high school applicants to the SoN.Methods:This article presents(1)the program's conceptualization,objectives,implementation,and outcomes using descriptive statistics and(2)the strengths of the URMP as well as the opportunities gained and lessons learned through conducting the program.Results:The program has shown success in attracting students to get involved in research.To date,63.3%e75.7%of participating students reported gaining various research skills from the URMP.Additionally,URMP students have reported participating in conferences and creating close relationships with their mentors;indeed,97%of these students are interested in pursuing a graduate education.Moreover,the majority of URMP student participants(85.7%)have reported that not only the research experience met or exceeded their expectations,but also they were very satisfied with the research experience.Conclusion:Through the URMP,unlike a traditional didactic class,students can benefit from experiential learning,incentives to participate,and a mentoring relationship without the added pressure of obtaining grades at the end of the term.展开更多
Background: Mentorship has been the model adopted by many countries to support learning and assessment of students in the clinical placement. It has remained uncertain whether or not it has a lot of positive benefits ...Background: Mentorship has been the model adopted by many countries to support learning and assessment of students in the clinical placement. It has remained uncertain whether or not it has a lot of positive benefits for the students’ experiences during placement as there have been divided opinions among researchers. Objective and review question: The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to explore the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. The question of the review was: what are the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. Methods and materials: Electronic data bases, journals and grey literature were searched for relevant studies and seven qualitative studies were systematically included in the review. The Joanna Briggs Institute-Qualitative Assessment and Review instrument (JBI-QARI) was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extraction was done using the JBI-QARI Data Extraction Tool. A thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings. Findings: The findings suggest that there are still gaps within the mentorship programme that could have an impact on the students’ learning experiences during clinical placement. From the themes identified which include: need for feedback, hands on practice, continuity of mentorship and mentor-mentee relationship, the reviewers concluded that such areas of mentorship require attention in order to benefit the students. Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that there are many lessons to be learnt in order to continue improving mentorship. It is also clear that mentorship will be beneficial to students if a good relationship is established between the mentor and mentee, as this is the beginning of the experience. All staff members should be willing to support students in learning for them to develop the knowledge, skill and attitudes that are necessary to their learning.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> In Kenya, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is approximated to 362 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births while the stillbirth rate stands at 23 deaths per 100 live births wh...<strong>Background:</strong> In Kenya, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is approximated to 362 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births while the stillbirth rate stands at 23 deaths per 100 live births which are far below the target of 147 maternal mortality per 100,000 live births and 12 stillbirths per 100 live births respectively. Progress in addressing preventable maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths depend on the improvement of the quality of maternal, fetal and newborn care throughout the continuum of care. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the effect of mentorship and training in improving the provision of Basic Emergency Obstetric Newborn Care (BEmONC) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Newborn Care (CeMONC) services among health workers in Samburu County. Methodology: A one-week training intervention was carried among health workers in level three, four and five health facilities by master trainers. Using two tools adopted from MEASURE Evaluation and a structured questionnaire, a total of 54 (before the intervention) and 64 (after the intervention) health workers from 29 health facilities were interviewed. Training effectiveness was assessed by means of questionnaires administered pre- and post-training, by correlating post-training results of health workers, and through participatory observations at the time of on-site supervisory visits, mentorship and monthly meetings. An assessment was conducted to measure the level of confidence of the health workers in performing their duties. <strong>Results:</strong> Central Samburu had the majority of the health workers both at the pre-intervention (44.4%) and post-intervention (51.6%), North Samburu had an extra health worker at post-test while no change in numbers was recorded in East Samburu. A majority of the health workers across the three sub-counties were 31 - 40 years old, with only 2 (3.8%) aged 51 years and above. Following the interventions, improvements in the practice of BEmONC services were seen across the three sub-counties. There was an increase, at post analysis, in the use of the partograph to monitor labour (from 52% to 98.1%) and managing severe infection in the newborn (from 40.4% to 60.3%). Performing CS improved from 17.3% to 31% and the same was also recorded in carrying out blood transfusions. On post-survey, health workers reported the least confidence in performing manual vacuum. Other BEmONC services including active management of 3rd stage labor, use of partograph, manual removal of the placenta, managing maternal sepsis and identifying danger signs in the newborn had a high rate of confidence. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study finds that structured mentorship is an effective strategy to build the capacity of health workers. However, there is a need for further research to monitor and evaluate if such programmes improve clinical outcomes in the long run.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The stud...In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The study summarizes the main role of mentorship on the cultivation of innovation ability,analyzes the problems in the implementation of mentorship,and proposes corresponding solutions.展开更多
The case study presented here uses an interpretivist (qualitative, humanistic) approach to illustrate and describe a range of interactions and behaviors that occur during design meetings where mentoring and design sim...The case study presented here uses an interpretivist (qualitative, humanistic) approach to illustrate and describe a range of interactions and behaviors that occur during design meetings where mentoring and design simultaneously occur within a software engineering firm, during a portion of the design phase for a software project. It attempts to examine the interaction between two design team members (one novice and one expert) and describes how these observations intersect with the theoretical and applied literature and actual design processes. Taking cues from two theoretical descriptions of the design process, the study presented here suggests that modes and models of mentorship should be added, when applicable, as a descriptive portion of the design process.展开更多
Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international docto...Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international doctoral mentorship for Chinese students in European countries promotes research collaboration before and upon the return of these Chinese PhDs to China.The results show that a considerable proportion of European-trained Chinese PhD returnees had co-authorship with their supervisors during their PhD study,and most of them maintained this research partnership after returning to China.In addition to the co-authorship during doctoral study,some individual characteristics(e.g.,gender and marital status)and organizational factors(e.g.,country of doctoral study and current work unit)were also found to contribute to international research collaboration upon the return to China of these Chinese PhD holders.This study sheds new light on the mobility and research collaboration of international students and provides policy implications for promoting Sino-foreign student exchange and research collaboration.展开更多
目的 探究在永州市中心医院放射科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)生CT影像学教学中,采用影像归档与通信系统(picture archiving and communication system, PACS)联合导师制教学模式的效果。方法 选取2021年8月—2024年8月永州市中心医...目的 探究在永州市中心医院放射科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)生CT影像学教学中,采用影像归档与通信系统(picture archiving and communication system, PACS)联合导师制教学模式的效果。方法 选取2021年8月—2024年8月永州市中心医院放射科住培生50名,根据教学方法差异分为常规组、观察组,各25名。常规组采用传统教学模式,观察组采用PACS联合导师制教学模式。对比两组住培生的考核成绩、综合能力以及教学满意度情况。结果 观察组培训后理论知识考核成绩、CT影像阅片考核成绩分别为(95.37±3.57)分、(95.24±3.75)分,均优于常规组的(91.33±3.16)分、(91.43±3.14)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.237,3.895;P均<0.05)。观察组综合能力均优于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组住培生教学满意度高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在放射科住培生CT影像学教学中,采用PACS联合导师制教学模式,有助于提高住培生的考核成绩以及综合能力,住培生教学满意度较高。展开更多
The importance of mentorships in medical education and neurosurgery is highly attributed to the support and encouragement of the advances and learning opportunities for medical students and junior neurosurgeons. Plann...The importance of mentorships in medical education and neurosurgery is highly attributed to the support and encouragement of the advances and learning opportunities for medical students and junior neurosurgeons. Planning a mentorship program according to the target audience offers to satisfy different interests and enhance education. One of the main issues with most of the already implemented programs is the sustainability and inability to maintain continuous cycles of mentorship, which have a negative impact and have led to an interrupted pattern of learning which eventually leads to a decline in the engagement of participants and loss of interest. This problem is most pronounced in war-torn countries, with Iraq as an example, where external circumstances lead to an arrest in the educational process and a depletion of the resources useful for such programs and training courses. This paper aims to address the main pathways essential in planning a sustainable mentorship program in a war-torn country by highlighting our experience in maintaining an ongoing mentorship with nine consecutive courses over the last 6 years in Iraq.展开更多
文摘Background:The Undergraduate Research Mentorship Program(URMP)at the University of Pittsburgh(UPitt),School of Nursing(SoN)was envisioned and implemented in the 2008 e2009 academic year to expose undergraduate students to research early in their college educational experiences.Moreover,the URMP is a method to retain current students and attract new high school applicants to the SoN.Methods:This article presents(1)the program's conceptualization,objectives,implementation,and outcomes using descriptive statistics and(2)the strengths of the URMP as well as the opportunities gained and lessons learned through conducting the program.Results:The program has shown success in attracting students to get involved in research.To date,63.3%e75.7%of participating students reported gaining various research skills from the URMP.Additionally,URMP students have reported participating in conferences and creating close relationships with their mentors;indeed,97%of these students are interested in pursuing a graduate education.Moreover,the majority of URMP student participants(85.7%)have reported that not only the research experience met or exceeded their expectations,but also they were very satisfied with the research experience.Conclusion:Through the URMP,unlike a traditional didactic class,students can benefit from experiential learning,incentives to participate,and a mentoring relationship without the added pressure of obtaining grades at the end of the term.
文摘Background: Mentorship has been the model adopted by many countries to support learning and assessment of students in the clinical placement. It has remained uncertain whether or not it has a lot of positive benefits for the students’ experiences during placement as there have been divided opinions among researchers. Objective and review question: The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to explore the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. The question of the review was: what are the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. Methods and materials: Electronic data bases, journals and grey literature were searched for relevant studies and seven qualitative studies were systematically included in the review. The Joanna Briggs Institute-Qualitative Assessment and Review instrument (JBI-QARI) was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extraction was done using the JBI-QARI Data Extraction Tool. A thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings. Findings: The findings suggest that there are still gaps within the mentorship programme that could have an impact on the students’ learning experiences during clinical placement. From the themes identified which include: need for feedback, hands on practice, continuity of mentorship and mentor-mentee relationship, the reviewers concluded that such areas of mentorship require attention in order to benefit the students. Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that there are many lessons to be learnt in order to continue improving mentorship. It is also clear that mentorship will be beneficial to students if a good relationship is established between the mentor and mentee, as this is the beginning of the experience. All staff members should be willing to support students in learning for them to develop the knowledge, skill and attitudes that are necessary to their learning.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> In Kenya, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is approximated to 362 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births while the stillbirth rate stands at 23 deaths per 100 live births which are far below the target of 147 maternal mortality per 100,000 live births and 12 stillbirths per 100 live births respectively. Progress in addressing preventable maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths depend on the improvement of the quality of maternal, fetal and newborn care throughout the continuum of care. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the effect of mentorship and training in improving the provision of Basic Emergency Obstetric Newborn Care (BEmONC) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Newborn Care (CeMONC) services among health workers in Samburu County. Methodology: A one-week training intervention was carried among health workers in level three, four and five health facilities by master trainers. Using two tools adopted from MEASURE Evaluation and a structured questionnaire, a total of 54 (before the intervention) and 64 (after the intervention) health workers from 29 health facilities were interviewed. Training effectiveness was assessed by means of questionnaires administered pre- and post-training, by correlating post-training results of health workers, and through participatory observations at the time of on-site supervisory visits, mentorship and monthly meetings. An assessment was conducted to measure the level of confidence of the health workers in performing their duties. <strong>Results:</strong> Central Samburu had the majority of the health workers both at the pre-intervention (44.4%) and post-intervention (51.6%), North Samburu had an extra health worker at post-test while no change in numbers was recorded in East Samburu. A majority of the health workers across the three sub-counties were 31 - 40 years old, with only 2 (3.8%) aged 51 years and above. Following the interventions, improvements in the practice of BEmONC services were seen across the three sub-counties. There was an increase, at post analysis, in the use of the partograph to monitor labour (from 52% to 98.1%) and managing severe infection in the newborn (from 40.4% to 60.3%). Performing CS improved from 17.3% to 31% and the same was also recorded in carrying out blood transfusions. On post-survey, health workers reported the least confidence in performing manual vacuum. Other BEmONC services including active management of 3rd stage labor, use of partograph, manual removal of the placenta, managing maternal sepsis and identifying danger signs in the newborn had a high rate of confidence. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study finds that structured mentorship is an effective strategy to build the capacity of health workers. However, there is a need for further research to monitor and evaluate if such programmes improve clinical outcomes in the long run.
基金Supported by Hainan University Education Teaching Reform Research Program (hdjy2251)New Agricultural Science Research and Reform Practice Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Exploration and Practice of the Collaborative Cultivation Model of Science and Education Integration for High Quality Talents in Tropical Horticulture).
文摘In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The study summarizes the main role of mentorship on the cultivation of innovation ability,analyzes the problems in the implementation of mentorship,and proposes corresponding solutions.
文摘The case study presented here uses an interpretivist (qualitative, humanistic) approach to illustrate and describe a range of interactions and behaviors that occur during design meetings where mentoring and design simultaneously occur within a software engineering firm, during a portion of the design phase for a software project. It attempts to examine the interaction between two design team members (one novice and one expert) and describes how these observations intersect with the theoretical and applied literature and actual design processes. Taking cues from two theoretical descriptions of the design process, the study presented here suggests that modes and models of mentorship should be added, when applicable, as a descriptive portion of the design process.
文摘Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international doctoral mentorship for Chinese students in European countries promotes research collaboration before and upon the return of these Chinese PhDs to China.The results show that a considerable proportion of European-trained Chinese PhD returnees had co-authorship with their supervisors during their PhD study,and most of them maintained this research partnership after returning to China.In addition to the co-authorship during doctoral study,some individual characteristics(e.g.,gender and marital status)and organizational factors(e.g.,country of doctoral study and current work unit)were also found to contribute to international research collaboration upon the return to China of these Chinese PhD holders.This study sheds new light on the mobility and research collaboration of international students and provides policy implications for promoting Sino-foreign student exchange and research collaboration.
文摘目的 探究在永州市中心医院放射科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)生CT影像学教学中,采用影像归档与通信系统(picture archiving and communication system, PACS)联合导师制教学模式的效果。方法 选取2021年8月—2024年8月永州市中心医院放射科住培生50名,根据教学方法差异分为常规组、观察组,各25名。常规组采用传统教学模式,观察组采用PACS联合导师制教学模式。对比两组住培生的考核成绩、综合能力以及教学满意度情况。结果 观察组培训后理论知识考核成绩、CT影像阅片考核成绩分别为(95.37±3.57)分、(95.24±3.75)分,均优于常规组的(91.33±3.16)分、(91.43±3.14)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.237,3.895;P均<0.05)。观察组综合能力均优于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组住培生教学满意度高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在放射科住培生CT影像学教学中,采用PACS联合导师制教学模式,有助于提高住培生的考核成绩以及综合能力,住培生教学满意度较高。
文摘The importance of mentorships in medical education and neurosurgery is highly attributed to the support and encouragement of the advances and learning opportunities for medical students and junior neurosurgeons. Planning a mentorship program according to the target audience offers to satisfy different interests and enhance education. One of the main issues with most of the already implemented programs is the sustainability and inability to maintain continuous cycles of mentorship, which have a negative impact and have led to an interrupted pattern of learning which eventually leads to a decline in the engagement of participants and loss of interest. This problem is most pronounced in war-torn countries, with Iraq as an example, where external circumstances lead to an arrest in the educational process and a depletion of the resources useful for such programs and training courses. This paper aims to address the main pathways essential in planning a sustainable mentorship program in a war-torn country by highlighting our experience in maintaining an ongoing mentorship with nine consecutive courses over the last 6 years in Iraq.
