Objective To determine whether the measurement of serum prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) is effective and reliable to estimate the returning time of menses during breastfeedingMethods Serum PRL and E2 were measured ...Objective To determine whether the measurement of serum prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) is effective and reliable to estimate the returning time of menses during breastfeedingMethods Serum PRL and E2 were measured in 703 breastfeeding mothers during the period of <2 , > 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6- 9 months postpartum. Radio-immunoassay (RIA) was used to measure the levels of PRL and E2. The cervical mucus, sexual behaviors and vagina bleeding were also monitored since 56 d after postpantum. Results (1) The average level of serum PRL and E2was 8. 16, 3. 66, 0. 69 in the fully breastfeeding, mixed-feeding and bottle-feeding groups respectively. It showed that 92. 55% mother returned menses -within 6 months of postpartum in the bottle-feeding group. (2) According to the results, the levels of serum Prolactin and Estradiol were related to the feeding ways, but not completely related to the duration of postpartum. (3) By using the ratio of PRL to E2to estimate the time of menses return among the breastfeeding mothers, we found that when the ratio became 0. 60, the subjects' menses would returen. .The sensitivity and the specificity of this method were 89. 85% and 90. 68% respectively.Conclusion The measurement of serum PRL and E2is a simple, effective and reliable method to estimate the return time of menses during breastfeeding period. If possible, it should be promoted for clinical use to prepare for their fertility return.展开更多
MENSTRUAL HEALTH Menstrual health is a general biological marker for many cisgender women,transgender men and non-binary people.Despite more than half of the population being people who menstruate,stigma,lack of conve...MENSTRUAL HEALTH Menstrual health is a general biological marker for many cisgender women,transgender men and non-binary people.Despite more than half of the population being people who menstruate,stigma,lack of conversation and pressing social needs around menstrual health persists throughout medicine.1 Discussions around menstruation and menstrual management can be difficult for individuals,whether it is with friends or family,or in the healthcare setting.1 Patients who have never discussed menstruation with a clinician may not know what is healthy,assume that an abnormal experience is normal and may endure periods that negatively affect their life,career or well-being.2–5 Menstruation plays a vital role in overall well-being and contributes significantly to an individual’s quality of life.Given their scope of care,family medicine clinicians are poised to identify red-flag menstrual symptoms in their routine visits with patients,reducing time to diagnosis of menstrual disorders.We urge family medicine clinicians to have renewed conversations surrounding menstrual health with their patients.The purpose of this report is to supply a brief overview of the importance of menstrual communication in primary care and serve as a resource to enhance menstrual communication between patient and clinician,with the ultimate goal of decreasing menstrual stigma and promoting improved menstrual health and experiences for patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND There has been a rise in the number of cases diagnosed as lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV),caused by the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis,specifi-cally serotypes L1,L2,and L3,mostly in men who have sex wi...BACKGROUND There has been a rise in the number of cases diagnosed as lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV),caused by the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis,specifi-cally serotypes L1,L2,and L3,mostly in men who have sex with men(MSM).LGV can clinically manifest as rectal discomfort,bleeding,and mucoid discharge mimicking inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Therefore,the role of a wholesome collection of patient history along with gaining patient trust and ease in reporting different elements of their life—whether social or sexual history-could greatly guide physician’s investigations leading to timely and more efficient diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old male presenting with symptoms of rectal bleeding,mucoid dis-charge,and abdominal pain during the past month.Initial treatment for hemo-rrhoids given at an outpatient clinic did not improve the patient’s complaints warranting further examinations,whereby endoscopy revealed the presence of mucosal edema and ulcerations in the rectosigmoid area rendering IBD a plau-sible diagnosis theoretically,but practically refuted due to the negative biopsy results,and positive result of nucleic acid amplification testing of the rectal swab sample for Chlamydia trachomatis.The latter results are in accordance with the diagnosis of LGV proctosigmoiditis.Accordingly,medical therapy with doxycy-cline was instituted,which yielded a notable symptomatic relief,and an education on safe sexual practices.INTRODUCTION Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative bacterium with 15 different serotypes that can be categorized based on their resulting infection:Trachoma,anogenital infection,and lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV).LGV is sexually transmitted disease mostly by oral or anal sex due to the contraction of serotypes L1,L2,and L3 of this bacterium with a rising number of cases in homosexual males who engage in sexual activity[1,2].Moreover,there has been an evident link between patients diagnosed with LGV and a positive history of human immunodeficiency virus[3].Diagnosing a patient with LGV can be challenging due to the unpredictable and varied nature of clinical symptoms[1].Its most common presentations consisting of rectal pain,hematochezia,tenesmus,or mucous discharge can closely mimic those of inflam-matory bowel disease(IBD),similarly for the severe inflammatory changes found in rectal biopsy results contributing to the struggle in forming differential diagnosis[2,4,5].The latter hence marks the importance of detailed and wholesome collection of the patient’s history to aid physicians in giving greater consideration to LGV as a differential diagnosis.For this,we herein depict the case of a 38 years old male patient who was diagnosed with LGV after revisiting the patient’s sexual history.展开更多
Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose...Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose of search,here,they have the home-gardens;the farmers plant fruit trees at the villages of provinces,that is a place which is influenced by the climate change.We went to the villages such as:Hiep Thanh village,Chau Thanh district,Long An province;Tan Phu village,Tan Phu Dong district,Tien Giang province;Tieu Can village,Tieu Can district,Tra Vinh province to observe the landscape(here 10 households for 1 village),and we took the sample to analyze.We knew the factors such as:drought,deficiency of water,salt water intrusion,flood.These factors influence the trees,assets,diseases,lives of the persons who stay here,and cause many damages.We compare many home-gardens having a climate change with the normal home-gardens.Thus,we propose the reasonable methods in order to fix the consequence and prevent the salt intrusion,flood,important damages…And we present some illustrations.展开更多
Objective:To assess public knowledge,attitudes,and behaviours regarding same-sex sexual intercourse(SSI)in relation to HIV/AIDS transmission prevention,especially in an inclusive cultural and religious country like In...Objective:To assess public knowledge,attitudes,and behaviours regarding same-sex sexual intercourse(SSI)in relation to HIV/AIDS transmission prevention,especially in an inclusive cultural and religious country like Indonesia,beyond established prevention methods like safe sex practices and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis(PrEP).Methods:We collected cross-sectional online survey data from the Indonesian 18 years or older population in December 2021 and August 2022.We determined participants'knowledge,attitude,and behaviour scores toward SSI and HIV/AIDS prevention.We critically explored each score and used multiple linear regression to identify the predictive factors.Results:The survey included 386 adults[median age(IQR):22(20-35)years].The median(IQR)score was 90/100(80-100)for knowledge,43/50(39-46)for attitude and 70/70(70-70)for behaviour.The number of men who had sex with men(MSM)was 7/129(5.4%).Male sex,non-MSM,higher knowledge,and higher attitude scores were positively associated with higher behaviour scores(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study highlights the need for inclusive HIV/AIDS prevention strategies that respect cultural and religious values,reduce stigma,and improve healthcare access,while aligning with international guidelines and scientific evidence.展开更多
主题语境:志愿服务篇幅:337词建议用时:6分钟。1 Life after retirement can be isolating,especially for older men who built their identities around their jobs.Jim Isenberg,in his late 70s,experienced this first-hand.He had...主题语境:志愿服务篇幅:337词建议用时:6分钟。1 Life after retirement can be isolating,especially for older men who built their identities around their jobs.Jim Isenberg,in his late 70s,experienced this first-hand.He had a varied career in transportation and family services in White Plains,New York.When he became a grandfather,he wanted to connect with other men at the same stage of life,but found few options for grandfathers.So,he and his friend Frank Williams founded Grandpas United in 2018.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged men in the cold regions of China(Heilongjiang Province)and provide theoretical support for the early identification of high-risk populations.Methods:Bone...Objective:To analyze the risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged men in the cold regions of China(Heilongjiang Province)and provide theoretical support for the early identification of high-risk populations.Methods:Bone mineral density(BMD)data were collected from male subjects aged 50-65 who met the inclusion criteria at the physical examination center of a hospital in Harbin between August to December 2022.General clinical data and dietary information were obtained through face-to-face interviews using a dietary questionnaire survey.Results:The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 14.38%and 52.06%,respectively,while normal bone mass accounted for 33.56%.Significant differences were observed among groups in smoking habits,sunlight exposure,exercise levels,and dietary patterns at each bone mass level.The BMD of the lumbar spine,femoral neck,and hip showed a negative correlation with the Dietary Inflammatory Index(DII)score.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking and a diet high in oil and salt were positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis.A pro-inflammatory diet was also positively correlated with osteoporosis risk,with individuals in this group being 7.723 times more likely to develop osteoporosis compared to those in the anti-inflammatory diet group.Conclusion:The high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia observed in this study highlighted that osteoporosis is a significant and pressing issue among middle-aged men.Smoking,limited sunlight exposure,reduced physical activity,diets high in oil and salt,and pro-inflammatory diets were identified as major risk factors for bone loss.These factors are closely linked to the geography,climate,and cultural practices of cold regions in China.Primary healthcare in this region should focus on the screening and prevention of osteoporosis in middle-aged men by promoting smoking cessation,increased sunlight exposure,adequate vitamin D supplementation,regular physical activity,and adherence to a healthy diet to maintain bone health.展开更多
This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Uro...This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.展开更多
MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that e...MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that exists between Indian culture and modern capitalism by means of a prose narrative that is rendered in a poeticized fashion,replete with rich mythological symbols as well as complex social conflicts that are intricately interwoven.This paper undertakes an analysis across four distinct aspects,namely the backdrop or setting against which the work was created,the very definition along with the characteristic features that are emblematic of magical realism,the context or background within which it came into being and subsequently developed,and the specific and tangible manifestations of the magical realist writing techniques as they are exemplified in Men of Maize.The study that has been conducted reveals that Men of Maize manages to demonstrate the historical fissure or divide and the cultural antagonism that pervades Latin American society through the employment of techniques such as the clash of cultures,a non-traditional narrative structure that breaks away from the norm,and the symbolism associated with deities.Moreover,it simultaneously engages in a profound and incisive reflection upon the marginalization of traditional culture during the course of the modernization process.The creative output of Asturias is not solely a critique leveled at the social reality of Latin America;rather,it also represents an exploration of the common issues and challenges that are faced by mankind at large,thereby laying down an important and substantial foundation for the further development of magical realism literature.展开更多
文摘Objective To determine whether the measurement of serum prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) is effective and reliable to estimate the returning time of menses during breastfeedingMethods Serum PRL and E2 were measured in 703 breastfeeding mothers during the period of <2 , > 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6- 9 months postpartum. Radio-immunoassay (RIA) was used to measure the levels of PRL and E2. The cervical mucus, sexual behaviors and vagina bleeding were also monitored since 56 d after postpantum. Results (1) The average level of serum PRL and E2was 8. 16, 3. 66, 0. 69 in the fully breastfeeding, mixed-feeding and bottle-feeding groups respectively. It showed that 92. 55% mother returned menses -within 6 months of postpartum in the bottle-feeding group. (2) According to the results, the levels of serum Prolactin and Estradiol were related to the feeding ways, but not completely related to the duration of postpartum. (3) By using the ratio of PRL to E2to estimate the time of menses return among the breastfeeding mothers, we found that when the ratio became 0. 60, the subjects' menses would returen. .The sensitivity and the specificity of this method were 89. 85% and 90. 68% respectively.Conclusion The measurement of serum PRL and E2is a simple, effective and reliable method to estimate the return time of menses during breastfeeding period. If possible, it should be promoted for clinical use to prepare for their fertility return.
文摘MENSTRUAL HEALTH Menstrual health is a general biological marker for many cisgender women,transgender men and non-binary people.Despite more than half of the population being people who menstruate,stigma,lack of conversation and pressing social needs around menstrual health persists throughout medicine.1 Discussions around menstruation and menstrual management can be difficult for individuals,whether it is with friends or family,or in the healthcare setting.1 Patients who have never discussed menstruation with a clinician may not know what is healthy,assume that an abnormal experience is normal and may endure periods that negatively affect their life,career or well-being.2–5 Menstruation plays a vital role in overall well-being and contributes significantly to an individual’s quality of life.Given their scope of care,family medicine clinicians are poised to identify red-flag menstrual symptoms in their routine visits with patients,reducing time to diagnosis of menstrual disorders.We urge family medicine clinicians to have renewed conversations surrounding menstrual health with their patients.The purpose of this report is to supply a brief overview of the importance of menstrual communication in primary care and serve as a resource to enhance menstrual communication between patient and clinician,with the ultimate goal of decreasing menstrual stigma and promoting improved menstrual health and experiences for patients.
文摘BACKGROUND There has been a rise in the number of cases diagnosed as lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV),caused by the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis,specifi-cally serotypes L1,L2,and L3,mostly in men who have sex with men(MSM).LGV can clinically manifest as rectal discomfort,bleeding,and mucoid discharge mimicking inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Therefore,the role of a wholesome collection of patient history along with gaining patient trust and ease in reporting different elements of their life—whether social or sexual history-could greatly guide physician’s investigations leading to timely and more efficient diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old male presenting with symptoms of rectal bleeding,mucoid dis-charge,and abdominal pain during the past month.Initial treatment for hemo-rrhoids given at an outpatient clinic did not improve the patient’s complaints warranting further examinations,whereby endoscopy revealed the presence of mucosal edema and ulcerations in the rectosigmoid area rendering IBD a plau-sible diagnosis theoretically,but practically refuted due to the negative biopsy results,and positive result of nucleic acid amplification testing of the rectal swab sample for Chlamydia trachomatis.The latter results are in accordance with the diagnosis of LGV proctosigmoiditis.Accordingly,medical therapy with doxycy-cline was instituted,which yielded a notable symptomatic relief,and an education on safe sexual practices.INTRODUCTION Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative bacterium with 15 different serotypes that can be categorized based on their resulting infection:Trachoma,anogenital infection,and lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV).LGV is sexually transmitted disease mostly by oral or anal sex due to the contraction of serotypes L1,L2,and L3 of this bacterium with a rising number of cases in homosexual males who engage in sexual activity[1,2].Moreover,there has been an evident link between patients diagnosed with LGV and a positive history of human immunodeficiency virus[3].Diagnosing a patient with LGV can be challenging due to the unpredictable and varied nature of clinical symptoms[1].Its most common presentations consisting of rectal pain,hematochezia,tenesmus,or mucous discharge can closely mimic those of inflam-matory bowel disease(IBD),similarly for the severe inflammatory changes found in rectal biopsy results contributing to the struggle in forming differential diagnosis[2,4,5].The latter hence marks the importance of detailed and wholesome collection of the patient’s history to aid physicians in giving greater consideration to LGV as a differential diagnosis.For this,we herein depict the case of a 38 years old male patient who was diagnosed with LGV after revisiting the patient’s sexual history.
文摘Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose of search,here,they have the home-gardens;the farmers plant fruit trees at the villages of provinces,that is a place which is influenced by the climate change.We went to the villages such as:Hiep Thanh village,Chau Thanh district,Long An province;Tan Phu village,Tan Phu Dong district,Tien Giang province;Tieu Can village,Tieu Can district,Tra Vinh province to observe the landscape(here 10 households for 1 village),and we took the sample to analyze.We knew the factors such as:drought,deficiency of water,salt water intrusion,flood.These factors influence the trees,assets,diseases,lives of the persons who stay here,and cause many damages.We compare many home-gardens having a climate change with the normal home-gardens.Thus,we propose the reasonable methods in order to fix the consequence and prevent the salt intrusion,flood,important damages…And we present some illustrations.
基金funded by the Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Andalas(grant number 668/UN.16.02.D/PP/2022).
文摘Objective:To assess public knowledge,attitudes,and behaviours regarding same-sex sexual intercourse(SSI)in relation to HIV/AIDS transmission prevention,especially in an inclusive cultural and religious country like Indonesia,beyond established prevention methods like safe sex practices and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis(PrEP).Methods:We collected cross-sectional online survey data from the Indonesian 18 years or older population in December 2021 and August 2022.We determined participants'knowledge,attitude,and behaviour scores toward SSI and HIV/AIDS prevention.We critically explored each score and used multiple linear regression to identify the predictive factors.Results:The survey included 386 adults[median age(IQR):22(20-35)years].The median(IQR)score was 90/100(80-100)for knowledge,43/50(39-46)for attitude and 70/70(70-70)for behaviour.The number of men who had sex with men(MSM)was 7/129(5.4%).Male sex,non-MSM,higher knowledge,and higher attitude scores were positively associated with higher behaviour scores(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study highlights the need for inclusive HIV/AIDS prevention strategies that respect cultural and religious values,reduce stigma,and improve healthcare access,while aligning with international guidelines and scientific evidence.
文摘主题语境:志愿服务篇幅:337词建议用时:6分钟。1 Life after retirement can be isolating,especially for older men who built their identities around their jobs.Jim Isenberg,in his late 70s,experienced this first-hand.He had a varied career in transportation and family services in White Plains,New York.When he became a grandfather,he wanted to connect with other men at the same stage of life,but found few options for grandfathers.So,he and his friend Frank Williams founded Grandpas United in 2018.
文摘Objective:To analyze the risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged men in the cold regions of China(Heilongjiang Province)and provide theoretical support for the early identification of high-risk populations.Methods:Bone mineral density(BMD)data were collected from male subjects aged 50-65 who met the inclusion criteria at the physical examination center of a hospital in Harbin between August to December 2022.General clinical data and dietary information were obtained through face-to-face interviews using a dietary questionnaire survey.Results:The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 14.38%and 52.06%,respectively,while normal bone mass accounted for 33.56%.Significant differences were observed among groups in smoking habits,sunlight exposure,exercise levels,and dietary patterns at each bone mass level.The BMD of the lumbar spine,femoral neck,and hip showed a negative correlation with the Dietary Inflammatory Index(DII)score.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking and a diet high in oil and salt were positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis.A pro-inflammatory diet was also positively correlated with osteoporosis risk,with individuals in this group being 7.723 times more likely to develop osteoporosis compared to those in the anti-inflammatory diet group.Conclusion:The high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia observed in this study highlighted that osteoporosis is a significant and pressing issue among middle-aged men.Smoking,limited sunlight exposure,reduced physical activity,diets high in oil and salt,and pro-inflammatory diets were identified as major risk factors for bone loss.These factors are closely linked to the geography,climate,and cultural practices of cold regions in China.Primary healthcare in this region should focus on the screening and prevention of osteoporosis in middle-aged men by promoting smoking cessation,increased sunlight exposure,adequate vitamin D supplementation,regular physical activity,and adherence to a healthy diet to maintain bone health.
文摘This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.
文摘MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that exists between Indian culture and modern capitalism by means of a prose narrative that is rendered in a poeticized fashion,replete with rich mythological symbols as well as complex social conflicts that are intricately interwoven.This paper undertakes an analysis across four distinct aspects,namely the backdrop or setting against which the work was created,the very definition along with the characteristic features that are emblematic of magical realism,the context or background within which it came into being and subsequently developed,and the specific and tangible manifestations of the magical realist writing techniques as they are exemplified in Men of Maize.The study that has been conducted reveals that Men of Maize manages to demonstrate the historical fissure or divide and the cultural antagonism that pervades Latin American society through the employment of techniques such as the clash of cultures,a non-traditional narrative structure that breaks away from the norm,and the symbolism associated with deities.Moreover,it simultaneously engages in a profound and incisive reflection upon the marginalization of traditional culture during the course of the modernization process.The creative output of Asturias is not solely a critique leveled at the social reality of Latin America;rather,it also represents an exploration of the common issues and challenges that are faced by mankind at large,thereby laying down an important and substantial foundation for the further development of magical realism literature.
