This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as a...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as an active component in various products. Historically, Melaleuca oil is known for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, microwave technology is applied to extract Melaleuca oil, but this extraction technology is not commercially under practice. Traditionally, Melaleuca oil extraction is possible through steam distillation of the <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca alternifolia<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> terminal branches and leaves, and the resultant extract is always either clear or pale yellowish. Melaleuca oil has been promoted as a therapeutic agent because scientific studies indicate that the Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficients of its extract composition include 8 for cymene, 16 for terpineol, 13.5 for tepinen-4-ol and 3.5 for cineole. The mode of action against bacteria is now partially elucidated, and assumptions exist. Hydrocarbons partition into biological membranes to disrupt the vital functions of Melaleuca oil, and also its components behave in the same manner. Therefore, the inhibition of respiration and the leakage of ions or loss of intracellular material and the inability to maintain homeostasis reflect the loss of membrane integrity and lysis in Melaleuca oil products containing lower than usual terpenes concentrations. Melaleuca oil possesses antifungal properties and is known exclusively for the treatment of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">This essential oil<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strongly changes the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albican<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> cells. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">C. albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> treatment with 0.25% tea tree oil leads to propidium iodide uptake. However, a significant loss of 260-nmlight-absorbing materials after staining with methylene blue occurs after 6 hours. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts alter the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida glabrata<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that occurs when the membrane is treated with 0.25% Melaleuca oil. Melaleuca oils possess antiviral properties but most findings evidence that this oil fights against both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, although the range of viruses tested to date is minimal. Melaleuca oil is known for its antiprotozoal activity because it causes a 50% reduction in the growth of protozoa <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Leishmania major<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trypanosoma brucei<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> at concentrations of 403 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, based on the studies done (in comparison to controls). An investigation has shown that terpinen-4-ol also contributes significantly to antiprotozoal activity. Tea tree oils at 300 mg/ml killed all cells of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">, and also anecdotal <span style="white-space:nowrap;">in-vivo<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> studies evidence that Melaleuca oil may be effective in treating infections caused by <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. This review article summarizes the developments in our understanding of the phytochemistry, bioactivity, metabolism and the economic aspects of Melaleuca alternifolia, and it details how Melaleuca alternifolia species have evolved in the ecosystem.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate an essential oil with larvicide, adulticide and growth inhibitory activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, of medical importance. Methods: Standard...Objective: To evaluate an essential oil with larvicide, adulticide and growth inhibitory activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, of medical importance. Methods: Standardized methodology by WHO was used to determine the levels of susceptibility of mosquito larvae exposed to the essential oil. To evaluate the adulticide activity with the essential oil at different doses, bottles were impregnated according to the methodology CDC. To determine the development inhibitory activity of Melaleuca quinquinervia(M. quinquinervia) oil in three mosquito species, third instar larvae were exposed to the LC_(50) and LC_(90) dose(calculated for each population) of M. quinquinervia oil in glass containers with a capacity of 500 mL. After 24 h exposure, the dead larvae were discarded. The mortality of larvae and pupae were recorded on a daily basis. Results: The calculated LC_(50) indicates an order of effectiveness of preferential oil for Culex quinquefasciatus(LC_(50)=0.002 1%), Aedes aegypti(LC_(50)=0.004 7%) and Aedes albopictus(LC_(50)=0.004 9%). Conclusions: The adulticide activity was achieved with impregnated bottles at 40 and 50 mg/mL with the three mosquitoes species. In larvae, a growth inhibition was detected when exposed to sublethal doses. The results indicate that M. quinquinervia is a plant with promising environmentally sustainable source for vector control.展开更多
Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propaga...Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 ＋ BA 0.6mg L^-1 ＋NAA 0.1 mg L^-1＋sucrose 30g L-l, which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multi- plication medium was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg L^-1＋ NAA 0.15 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 30 g L^-1, which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 ＋ IBA 0.1-0.25 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 15 g L^-1, which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94-3.32 roots per individual and 1.36-1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia, enabling the production of high quality plants for market.展开更多
Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.) collected in Dakar,Senegal.Methods: The essential oils from the l...Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.) collected in Dakar,Senegal.Methods: The essential oils from the leaves of these two myrtaceaes were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer.Results: A total of 34 constituents were identified in the oil of Callistemon viminalis and the major compounds were 1.8-cineole(58.12%), limonene(9.72%), a-terpineol(9.56%),geranial(6.02%), d-elemene(3.53%), myrcene(2.96%) and a-pinene(2.49%).For the essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron, 43 constituents were identified, and 1.8-cineole(28.87%), epiglobulol(23.06%), a-pinene(12.22%), limonene(11.65%) and a-terpineol(7.06%) were major compounds.Conclusions: Considering properties of the identified major compounds, essential oils of both studied myrtaceae could be used in the medicine field including the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.展开更多
Exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) deposits large quantities of slowly decomposing litter biomass that accumulates over time and covers forest floors in its adventive habitats in Florida (USA). Herein, we...Exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) deposits large quantities of slowly decomposing litter biomass that accumulates over time and covers forest floors in its adventive habitats in Florida (USA). Herein, we assessed the influence of melaleuca litter cover, seed addition, and seeding date on seedling emergence and survival. The assessment was conducted by ma-nipulating litter cover and seed inputs of melaleuca and two native species at different dates in two soil types. Litter cover was either removed or left in place in organic and arenaceous soils within melaleuca stands. Each of the three treatment plots were seeded with melaleuca, wax myrtle or sawgrass, while the fourth plot was not seeded and served as the control. Seedlings were counted at 2-wk intervals to determine cumulative seedling emergence and survival during the experimental period. The experiment was repeated four times within a year. Soil type did not influence seedling emergence of all three species but influenced survival of wax myrtle. Litter removal increased the emergence of melaleuca, sawgrass, and wax myrtle and increased the survival of melaleuca. Seed addition increased the emergence and survival of sawgrass and wax myrtle but made no difference for melaleuca. Seeding during the periods of high soil moisture content had positive effects on the emergence and survival of melaleuca, wax myrtle, and sawgrass seedlings. These findings are deemed useful in planning active restoration for melaleuca invaded sites.展开更多
【目的】探究互叶白千层(澳洲茶树)精油(tea tree oil,TTO)超临界CO_(2)提取的最优条件及其精油的组成成分和抗氧化能力。【方法】采用响应面法优化超临界CO_(2)萃取参数,通过GC-MS结合保留指数(RI)法鉴定茶树精油的组成成分。采用DPPH...【目的】探究互叶白千层(澳洲茶树)精油(tea tree oil,TTO)超临界CO_(2)提取的最优条件及其精油的组成成分和抗氧化能力。【方法】采用响应面法优化超临界CO_(2)萃取参数,通过GC-MS结合保留指数(RI)法鉴定茶树精油的组成成分。采用DPPH及OH自由基清除试验分析茶树精油的体外抗氧化活性,以D-半乳糖致衰小鼠为模型,测定其血清及肝中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及MDA含量来分析茶树精油的体内抗氧化活性。【结果】在30 MPa的萃取压力、55℃的萃取温度、150 min的萃取时间下,可以获得2.239%的茶树精油提取率,与响应面优化试验回归模型预测值(2.241%)接近。GC-MS结合RI分析表明,提取的茶树精油共分离出49种组分,其中含量高于1%的组分有16种,含量最高的组分为松油烯-4-醇。体内外抗氧化结果表明,茶树精油有着良好的抗氧化效果,能够有效减少DPPH和OH自由基的产生,使SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的浓度有所下降,同样能够有效减少MDA的含量。【结论】超临界CO_(2)萃取方法可以从互叶白千层中高效提取具有抗氧化活性的茶树精油。展开更多
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as an active component in various products. Historically, Melaleuca oil is known for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, microwave technology is applied to extract Melaleuca oil, but this extraction technology is not commercially under practice. Traditionally, Melaleuca oil extraction is possible through steam distillation of the <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca alternifolia<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> terminal branches and leaves, and the resultant extract is always either clear or pale yellowish. Melaleuca oil has been promoted as a therapeutic agent because scientific studies indicate that the Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficients of its extract composition include 8 for cymene, 16 for terpineol, 13.5 for tepinen-4-ol and 3.5 for cineole. The mode of action against bacteria is now partially elucidated, and assumptions exist. Hydrocarbons partition into biological membranes to disrupt the vital functions of Melaleuca oil, and also its components behave in the same manner. Therefore, the inhibition of respiration and the leakage of ions or loss of intracellular material and the inability to maintain homeostasis reflect the loss of membrane integrity and lysis in Melaleuca oil products containing lower than usual terpenes concentrations. Melaleuca oil possesses antifungal properties and is known exclusively for the treatment of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">This essential oil<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strongly changes the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albican<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> cells. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">C. albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> treatment with 0.25% tea tree oil leads to propidium iodide uptake. However, a significant loss of 260-nmlight-absorbing materials after staining with methylene blue occurs after 6 hours. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts alter the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida glabrata<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that occurs when the membrane is treated with 0.25% Melaleuca oil. Melaleuca oils possess antiviral properties but most findings evidence that this oil fights against both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, although the range of viruses tested to date is minimal. Melaleuca oil is known for its antiprotozoal activity because it causes a 50% reduction in the growth of protozoa <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Leishmania major<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trypanosoma brucei<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> at concentrations of 403 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, based on the studies done (in comparison to controls). An investigation has shown that terpinen-4-ol also contributes significantly to antiprotozoal activity. Tea tree oils at 300 mg/ml killed all cells of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">, and also anecdotal <span style="white-space:nowrap;">in-vivo<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> studies evidence that Melaleuca oil may be effective in treating infections caused by <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. This review article summarizes the developments in our understanding of the phytochemistry, bioactivity, metabolism and the economic aspects of Melaleuca alternifolia, and it details how Melaleuca alternifolia species have evolved in the ecosystem.
基金supported by program ‘Determinants health risks and disease prevention in vulnerable groups’ of Ministry of Science,Technology and EnvironmentProyect 1601078 ‘Insecticidal activity of essential oils as a natural alternative for mosquito control’ of the Institute of Tropical Medicine ‘Pedro Kouri’
文摘Objective: To evaluate an essential oil with larvicide, adulticide and growth inhibitory activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, of medical importance. Methods: Standardized methodology by WHO was used to determine the levels of susceptibility of mosquito larvae exposed to the essential oil. To evaluate the adulticide activity with the essential oil at different doses, bottles were impregnated according to the methodology CDC. To determine the development inhibitory activity of Melaleuca quinquinervia(M. quinquinervia) oil in three mosquito species, third instar larvae were exposed to the LC_(50) and LC_(90) dose(calculated for each population) of M. quinquinervia oil in glass containers with a capacity of 500 mL. After 24 h exposure, the dead larvae were discarded. The mortality of larvae and pupae were recorded on a daily basis. Results: The calculated LC_(50) indicates an order of effectiveness of preferential oil for Culex quinquefasciatus(LC_(50)=0.002 1%), Aedes aegypti(LC_(50)=0.004 7%) and Aedes albopictus(LC_(50)=0.004 9%). Conclusions: The adulticide activity was achieved with impregnated bottles at 40 and 50 mg/mL with the three mosquitoes species. In larvae, a growth inhibition was detected when exposed to sublethal doses. The results indicate that M. quinquinervia is a plant with promising environmentally sustainable source for vector control.
文摘Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 ＋ BA 0.6mg L^-1 ＋NAA 0.1 mg L^-1＋sucrose 30g L-l, which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multi- plication medium was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg L^-1＋ NAA 0.15 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 30 g L^-1, which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 ＋ IBA 0.1-0.25 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 15 g L^-1, which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94-3.32 roots per individual and 1.36-1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia, enabling the production of high quality plants for market.
文摘Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.) collected in Dakar,Senegal.Methods: The essential oils from the leaves of these two myrtaceaes were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer.Results: A total of 34 constituents were identified in the oil of Callistemon viminalis and the major compounds were 1.8-cineole(58.12%), limonene(9.72%), a-terpineol(9.56%),geranial(6.02%), d-elemene(3.53%), myrcene(2.96%) and a-pinene(2.49%).For the essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron, 43 constituents were identified, and 1.8-cineole(28.87%), epiglobulol(23.06%), a-pinene(12.22%), limonene(11.65%) and a-terpineol(7.06%) were major compounds.Conclusions: Considering properties of the identified major compounds, essential oils of both studied myrtaceae could be used in the medicine field including the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
文摘Exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) deposits large quantities of slowly decomposing litter biomass that accumulates over time and covers forest floors in its adventive habitats in Florida (USA). Herein, we assessed the influence of melaleuca litter cover, seed addition, and seeding date on seedling emergence and survival. The assessment was conducted by ma-nipulating litter cover and seed inputs of melaleuca and two native species at different dates in two soil types. Litter cover was either removed or left in place in organic and arenaceous soils within melaleuca stands. Each of the three treatment plots were seeded with melaleuca, wax myrtle or sawgrass, while the fourth plot was not seeded and served as the control. Seedlings were counted at 2-wk intervals to determine cumulative seedling emergence and survival during the experimental period. The experiment was repeated four times within a year. Soil type did not influence seedling emergence of all three species but influenced survival of wax myrtle. Litter removal increased the emergence of melaleuca, sawgrass, and wax myrtle and increased the survival of melaleuca. Seed addition increased the emergence and survival of sawgrass and wax myrtle but made no difference for melaleuca. Seeding during the periods of high soil moisture content had positive effects on the emergence and survival of melaleuca, wax myrtle, and sawgrass seedlings. These findings are deemed useful in planning active restoration for melaleuca invaded sites.
文摘【目的】探究互叶白千层(澳洲茶树)精油(tea tree oil,TTO)超临界CO_(2)提取的最优条件及其精油的组成成分和抗氧化能力。【方法】采用响应面法优化超临界CO_(2)萃取参数,通过GC-MS结合保留指数(RI)法鉴定茶树精油的组成成分。采用DPPH及OH自由基清除试验分析茶树精油的体外抗氧化活性,以D-半乳糖致衰小鼠为模型,测定其血清及肝中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及MDA含量来分析茶树精油的体内抗氧化活性。【结果】在30 MPa的萃取压力、55℃的萃取温度、150 min的萃取时间下,可以获得2.239%的茶树精油提取率,与响应面优化试验回归模型预测值(2.241%)接近。GC-MS结合RI分析表明,提取的茶树精油共分离出49种组分,其中含量高于1%的组分有16种,含量最高的组分为松油烯-4-醇。体内外抗氧化结果表明,茶树精油有着良好的抗氧化效果,能够有效减少DPPH和OH自由基的产生,使SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的浓度有所下降,同样能够有效减少MDA的含量。【结论】超临界CO_(2)萃取方法可以从互叶白千层中高效提取具有抗氧化活性的茶树精油。
