The hosting of mega-events is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism. The recognition and support of local community residents are one of the most important factors in the success of mega-even...The hosting of mega-events is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism. The recognition and support of local community residents are one of the most important factors in the success of mega-events. The study of the impact of mega-events on community residents is crucial to the success of the events. Taking the thesis Comparative Study on Residents' Perceptions to the Followup Impacts of the 2008 Olympics for example, this paper, from the perspective of the impact of megaevents on community residents, discussed the contribution of this thesis to Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the host city and co-host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics respectively, and the countermeasures that should be taken by event organizers.展开更多
Sport tourism events refer to sport activities with potential to attract tourists, media, athletes, and other sporting officials, with the primary purpose for travel being participating in or viewing sport. Sport mega...Sport tourism events refer to sport activities with potential to attract tourists, media, athletes, and other sporting officials, with the primary purpose for travel being participating in or viewing sport. Sport mega-events, such as America＇s Cup, have been recognized as a strong component of tourism, and are becoming an integral and major part of tourism development and marketing strategies. As a catalyst for change, sport mega-events can accelerate the host city economic, political, and social development. This paper focuses on the case of the 34th America＇s Cup for Naples. In order to evaluate the benefits of this event on the city, the authors first propose a general framework of main benefits that sport mega-events may bring to host cities, and subsequently, the authors applied this framework to the Naples case.展开更多
With the rapid economic and social development of China,more and more Chinese cities are hosting important international events.However,the long-term effects of hosting international events on urban haze pollution are...With the rapid economic and social development of China,more and more Chinese cities are hosting important international events.However,the long-term effects of hosting international events on urban haze pollution are rarely discussed in existing literature.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China hosting the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016,this paper applies the synthetic control method (SCM) for the first time to evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on urban haze pollution in China.Compared with the traditional method,SCM measures the long-term impact of hosting the G20 Summit on haze pollution more scientifically.The results show that hosting the G20 Summit did improve the haze pollution in Hangzhou.The effectiveness and robustness of the above conclusions are objectively confirmed by multi-dimensional tests such as placebo test,permutation test,iterative test and difference-in-differences model.Further mechanism analysis shows that foreign direct investment and technological innovation are important channels for the G20 Summit to curb haze pollution in Hangzhou.At the same time,this paper employs a series of methods to systematically evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on haze pollution in both time and space dimensions.This paper provides a credible basis and empirical support for the impact of international mega-events on air pollution in China.展开更多
During the past decades,more attention has paid to the concept of leveraging sports mega-events to fast-track urban development and bring lasting value for host city(Legroux,2014).The 2016 Rio Olympics brings a great ...During the past decades,more attention has paid to the concept of leveraging sports mega-events to fast-track urban development and bring lasting value for host city(Legroux,2014).The 2016 Rio Olympics brings a great chance to the city to transform,promoting economic development including boosting tourism,attracting investment and stimulating infrastructure development.However,unbalanced development of the three aspects of ecological,economy and social inclusion exists in the Olympic projects.More attention is paid for the economic accumulation and most public facilities are built in well-developed areas.At the end of the article,some recommendations are come up for coordinated development.The government should focus on the equal distribution of resources and public participation.The development taking the Olympic Games as an opportunity should adhere to the principle of sustainable development.Considering the decreasing trend of bidding for the Olympic Games,low-cost and high-efficiency development models should be applied.展开更多
This paper employs a comparative analysis to investigate the state-led use of industrial heritage in major Chinese mega-events,delving into the three cases of the Guangzhou Asian Games,the Shanghai Expo,and the Beijin...This paper employs a comparative analysis to investigate the state-led use of industrial heritage in major Chinese mega-events,delving into the three cases of the Guangzhou Asian Games,the Shanghai Expo,and the Beijing Winter Olympics.Examining the evolving practices led by Chinese governments reveals unique pathways for industrial heritage and showcases its diverse roles in economic development and societal transformation.The three cases illustrate the nuanced dynamics between market forces and state interventions,emphasising the importance of strategic planning and long-term considerations in mega-event-induced heritage practices.Mega-events serve as catalysts for urban regeneration,allowing governments to allocate substantial resources to conserve and repurpose industrial heritage.However,the current paper contends that the sustained benefts of industrial heritage hinge on thoughtful planning for long-term economic and social sustainability,emphasising the need to constrain a focus on shortterm gains through land revenue.These refections contribute to a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between heritage preservation,economic development,and sustainable urban planning in the context of China’s mega-events.展开更多
This research examines the evolution and renewal of Shanghai’s Huangpu River industrial zone after the 2010 Shanghai Expo,with a temporal focus on the profound changes and development philosophies driven by this mega...This research examines the evolution and renewal of Shanghai’s Huangpu River industrial zone after the 2010 Shanghai Expo,with a temporal focus on the profound changes and development philosophies driven by this megaevent.By investigating emblematic case studies along the Huangpu River,such as the transformative 80,000-ton silo,the Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art,and the Long Museum,this research articulates how mega-events serve as pivotal moments for reimagining and repurposing industrial heritage.In the wake of the 2010 Shanghai Expo,these industrial relics emerged as focal points of urban regeneration,embodying the tensions and synergies between historical preservation and contemporary urban development.This study explores the temporal layers—from the event’s catalytic role to enduring legacies—and reveals how time infuences the trajectory of urban spaces and the community’s connection to them.Through this temporal lens,the paper analyses the redevelopment process,assessing how these initiatives have reconfgured the industrial waterfront into a dynamic cultural landscape.The fndings ofer a dynamic perspective on the temporal dimensions that underpin the redevelopment of industrial heritage sites,providing insights into how such spaces can be continuously activated and symbiotically integrated into the fabric of the city.This paper aims to contribute to a broader understanding of the complexities involved in harnessing industrial heritage for mega-events,with implications for future urban planning and heritage conservation strategies.展开更多
The reuse of industrial heritage sites has become increasingly prevalent in the context of hosting mega-events.This paper aims to investigate this trend,specifcally in the context of Olympic Games or World Expos,and i...The reuse of industrial heritage sites has become increasingly prevalent in the context of hosting mega-events.This paper aims to investigate this trend,specifcally in the context of Olympic Games or World Expos,and its impact on urban regeneration strategies.It introduces a methodological tool,namely,the relationship matrix,to identify key factors from‘best practices’criteria for managing industrial sites and planning mega-event legacies.We use this matrix to address two research objectives,namely,to determine the role of industrial heritage reuse in mega-event urban projects and to evaluate whether this creates a favourable environment for place-making.This matrix enables us to compare and analyse the Shanghai 2010 World Expo and the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games as illustrative case studies.While guidelines and strategies for mega-events and industrial heritage have evolved towards a proactive people-centred approach,our fndings still reveal a bias towards material renewal in dominant discourses during the planning phase.This bias often overlooks or even excludes the memories and experiences of local communities.展开更多
Increasingly,cities have turned to mega-events as part of strategies to secure much desired global recognition and attract future economic investment.These events have a broad range of physical effects on the city and...Increasingly,cities have turned to mega-events as part of strategies to secure much desired global recognition and attract future economic investment.These events have a broad range of physical effects on the city and can also introduce new concepts of the city.For historic cities,mega-events can potentially have a profound influence on the city’s urban heritage,both physically and how heritage comes to be understood and defined.Recent changing trends in mega-events could come to see them more closely integrated into the existing city fabric,making the potential impact of mega-events on built heritage more pronounced.One long-standing event embedded within the city fabric that serves as a noteworthy example is the European Capital of Culture(ECoC),operating for 30 years and travelling between more than 50 cities.The paper presents the European Capital of Cultures of Genoa 2004,Liverpool 2008 and Istanbul 2010 as three diverse cases with differing themes and roles for heritage in order to review the potential synergy or friction between events and heritage and calls for heritage actors to become more involved in these processes.展开更多
This paper contributes to an in-depth understanding of how the mega- event contributes glurbanization of entrepreneurial city through a case study of Expo 2010 in Shanghai. It argues that spatial-related transformatio...This paper contributes to an in-depth understanding of how the mega- event contributes glurbanization of entrepreneurial city through a case study of Expo 2010 in Shanghai. It argues that spatial-related transformation is central to mega-event approach to glurbanization yet the soft power building is uncertain. It implies that the domestic impacts of mega- events are likely to be more profound than their global influences. This corresponds to the capitalist transformation from Fordist-Keynesianism to neoliberalism, in which mega-events such as Olympic Games and World Exposition have increasingly been incorporated into urban development plan to boost urban agenda. Although the profile of world fairs is reduced and does not have the international impacts that they used to have, Shanghai Expo 2010, the first Expo ever held in a developing country, is pinned hope on as the “Turn to Save the World Expo” and is unusually ambitious to bring opportunities in urban transformation. With a well-developed framework of glurbanization entailed by entrepreneurial city, this research enriches glurbanization theory by a thorough examination of Shanghai Expo. It finds that Expo-led landscape reconfiguration, spatial restructuring, and new sources provision effectively transformed Shanghai, propelling glurbanization in diminutive spatial scale. Yet, it remains powerless to impress the world as the voice of domestic propaganda is limited in the Western mainstream media. In all, the Expo case well exemplifies the power of mega-event approach to advancing local agenda, especially in spatial transformation per se, as well as its constraints in (re)shaping a global discourse.展开更多
Taking the affinity between events and media as a conceptualization base, a total of 1032 related news re-ports of Expo '99 Kunming, gathered from the internet data bank of China INFOBANK from 1992 to 2003, are us...Taking the affinity between events and media as a conceptualization base, a total of 1032 related news re-ports of Expo '99 Kunming, gathered from the internet data bank of China INFOBANK from 1992 to 2003, are used as data sources. After classifying them with a communication research method-the content analysis, a data bank for SPSS is set up, and a mathematic model called the Integrated Impact Index of Expo '99 Kunming is constituted. With the model, the spatial distribution of the total integrated impacts of Expo '99 Kunming on the regions or cities with different regional scales is analysed quantitatively. The conclusions are: 1) the Expo '99 Kunming made obvious integrated impacts on the regions or cities of every scale, especially in the venue city and the region-Kunming City and Yunnan Province; 2) it had corresponding impacts on other provinces; 3) the spatial distribution of Integrated Impact Index had a disaggregation with both plane extension and spotted decentralization; and 4) there was a distance decay law in all three scales of regions (Kunming City, Yunnan Province and the whole China), which incarnated the spatial extension law of the integrated impact of a special mega-event.展开更多
Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollu...Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTH.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.展开更多
This study explores the morphological changes resulting from mega-events,focusing on the impact of the Arbaeen event on Al-Najaf's city morphology post-2003.It examines the physical,socio-cultural,and economic tra...This study explores the morphological changes resulting from mega-events,focusing on the impact of the Arbaeen event on Al-Najaf's city morphology post-2003.It examines the physical,socio-cultural,and economic transformations in Najaf's urban form by analyzing the city profile.The study uses a descriptive-analytical framework,employing aerial,satellite,and photographic imagery to assess urban impacts.Additionally,a qualitative approach is used,integrating field experiments,observations,interviews,and note-taking to evaluate the social and economic dimensions.The methodology is based on a case study approach for comprehensive understanding.Findings reveal that the Arbaeen event caused significant and rapid changes in Najaf's urban,economic,and social fabric,with varying impacts between the old city and the suburbs.The event profoundly influenced Najaf's morphological evolution,leading to substantial alterations in urban structure and increased urban density.Economically,the impact is mainly concentrated in the old city,while social repercussions are more evident in the suburbs.Morphological changes in urban features are less discernible in the old city compared to the suburbs.The study highlights the importance of adopting sustainable and comprehensive urban planning strategies to manage the challenges and opportunities presented by religious mega-events.It offers valuable insights for fostering sustainable event management and urban development strategies.This research enriches the discourse on the influence of religious mega-events on urban environments by providing a holistic view of how such events shape traditional urban structures,particularly in the context of Al-Najaf.展开更多
The planning and implementation of large-scale urban development projects(UDPs)tend to arouse expectations of increasing investments to urban and social improvements.However,these urban interventions have been less de...The planning and implementation of large-scale urban development projects(UDPs)tend to arouse expectations of increasing investments to urban and social improvements.However,these urban interventions have been less democratic and more elite-driven priorities,resulting in socio-spatial segregation in the city.In the case of the Rio de Janeiro/RJ,the urban interventions planned for the years following the 2016 Olympic Games have not yet occurred in the totality.In this sense,it is necessary to understand the impacts of this mega-event’s intervention when the legacy does not attend the expectations of improvements in the city.Thus,the analyses took into account official documents and the perception of residents close to the areas that received interventions for the Olympic Games,regarding the changes that occurred in these places.It is evident the importance of discussing the subject to later outline guidelines or strategies that aim to minimise significant impacts generated by this insertion in the urban environment.展开更多
Mega-event tlagship （MEF） is a dual instrument for staging a mega-event and catalyzing regional urban renewal. Despite its unfailing popularity and controversial nature, many initiators seem to equate MEF developmen...Mega-event tlagship （MEF） is a dual instrument for staging a mega-event and catalyzing regional urban renewal. Despite its unfailing popularity and controversial nature, many initiators seem to equate MEF development with signature architecture, resulting in a persistent issue of underuse among MEFs in the post-event era. Although research findings indicate that the early stages hold the key to the future of MEFs, insufficient research on this crucial matter has been done to provide useful analyses as to how to achieve this. To rectify this, this paper presents a case study of China Pavilion （CP） as the most spotlighted MEF initiated by Expo 2010 Shanghai China. Through participant observation, archival records, and documentation, the case of CP was extensively explored to learn how the client organization has addressed the issues of form, function, and future positioning at the early stages. By linking the pre-Expo conceptualization with its post-Expo performance, the case brings a renewed attention to the early stages of MEF development. Although it is a single-case study, this research yields results that indicate the possibility of having beneficial spillover impact on broader-scale urban renewal by balancing an MEF＇s dual mandate.展开更多
There has been an increasing level of recognition of the interaction between cultural mega-events and built heritage in recent years.While research has broadly identifed the need to align strategies and visions,as wel...There has been an increasing level of recognition of the interaction between cultural mega-events and built heritage in recent years.While research has broadly identifed the need to align strategies and visions,as well as involve heritage actors and local communities,there has not been a systematic investigation of the position of industrial heritage within this tableau.This paper examines in depth the European Capital of Culture(ECoC)programme,as it is one of the longest standing Capital of Culture programmes in the world and has a signifcant record of investment and urban transformation.In this paper,we survey and categorise the inclusion of industrial heritage within the ECoC programme in 36 host cities and regions spread across Europe.This research provides the most comprehensive understanding to date of the specifc forms of interaction between industrial heritage and ECoCs to better understand the kinds of relationships that have taken place.We then explore in detail the projects and decisions made in the cases of the 2023 Elefsina,2017 Pafos and 2008 Liverpool ECoCs.展开更多
The article aims to understand the tensions inherent to the commemoration of a difcult and conficted past and the conservation of dissonant heritage.It explores the politics of memory and identity,and the power strugg...The article aims to understand the tensions inherent to the commemoration of a difcult and conficted past and the conservation of dissonant heritage.It explores the politics of memory and identity,and the power struggles that underscore the heritagisation process through a study of the transformation of Rio de Janeiro’s port in prepara-tion to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics.The paper uses the notion of heritage dissonance to shed light upon contemporary struggles over the interpretation of the port’s contested history and explores the debates that have surrounded the’discovery’of archeological remains,which exposed a controversial past marked by collective amnesia.The paper identifes various actions,instruments,and strategies used by various actors to either support or undermine the project,from inertia and obstructionism to memorialisation and ritual agency.The analysis of these fndings reveals the transformative potential of heritage,as an instrument of empower-ment in the ideological battle over collective memory,and a tool of resistance against historical denial.It discusses the way debates over heritage have stimulated public debate,infected the ofcial historical narrative,and allowed the legacies of slavery to infltrate collective consciousness.The paper concludes with a discussion of how heritage dissonance can engender actions leading to confict mediation,thereby promoting reconciliation and dialogue,and,ultimately,societal change.展开更多
The Olympic Games have been associated with many urban transformation projects throughout their history,often focusing on city expansion.Recent sustainability concerns,however,constitute a pressing challenge,with the ...The Olympic Games have been associated with many urban transformation projects throughout their history,often focusing on city expansion.Recent sustainability concerns,however,constitute a pressing challenge,with the regeneration of central areas fulflling a key role in existing urban agendas.In this paper,the legacy of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games at two proposed centralities was analysed,namely,the Olympic Park,intended as a future neighbourhood to the west of the city,and Porto Maravilha(PM),an urban project aimed at revitalizing a central,historical area of the city.By comparing the Olympic Park and the frst provided areas in PM,in terms of selecting urban design criteria through qualitative in loco assessments,this paper focused on analysing the impacts of urban forms and heritage on the consolidation of these two centralities,as well as encouraging social interaction and integration into the city.The analysis results indicated that urban design attributes such as human-scaled,mixed-use,context-based urban spaces could interfere with social interaction and the usability of spaces.Moreover,the repurposing of heritage buildings contributed to urban cohesion for legacy transformation.Hence,novel insights into urban design and heritage could become important for future editions of the Olympics so that host cities may fulfl their sustainability agendas.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Scientific Research Project of the National Tourism Administration(16TAAG010)Beijing Philosophy and Social Science Fund(17GLB023)+2 种基金Shandong Provincial Soft Science Research Program(2009RKB439)Shandong Provincial Key Cultural and Arts Program(20131011607381)
文摘The hosting of mega-events is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism. The recognition and support of local community residents are one of the most important factors in the success of mega-events. The study of the impact of mega-events on community residents is crucial to the success of the events. Taking the thesis Comparative Study on Residents' Perceptions to the Followup Impacts of the 2008 Olympics for example, this paper, from the perspective of the impact of megaevents on community residents, discussed the contribution of this thesis to Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the host city and co-host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics respectively, and the countermeasures that should be taken by event organizers.
文摘Sport tourism events refer to sport activities with potential to attract tourists, media, athletes, and other sporting officials, with the primary purpose for travel being participating in or viewing sport. Sport mega-events, such as America＇s Cup, have been recognized as a strong component of tourism, and are becoming an integral and major part of tourism development and marketing strategies. As a catalyst for change, sport mega-events can accelerate the host city economic, political, and social development. This paper focuses on the case of the 34th America＇s Cup for Naples. In order to evaluate the benefits of this event on the city, the authors first propose a general framework of main benefits that sport mega-events may bring to host cities, and subsequently, the authors applied this framework to the Naples case.
基金supported by the Lin Zengjie Land Science Development Fund of the education foundation of Renmin University of China (2021)。
文摘With the rapid economic and social development of China,more and more Chinese cities are hosting important international events.However,the long-term effects of hosting international events on urban haze pollution are rarely discussed in existing literature.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China hosting the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016,this paper applies the synthetic control method (SCM) for the first time to evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on urban haze pollution in China.Compared with the traditional method,SCM measures the long-term impact of hosting the G20 Summit on haze pollution more scientifically.The results show that hosting the G20 Summit did improve the haze pollution in Hangzhou.The effectiveness and robustness of the above conclusions are objectively confirmed by multi-dimensional tests such as placebo test,permutation test,iterative test and difference-in-differences model.Further mechanism analysis shows that foreign direct investment and technological innovation are important channels for the G20 Summit to curb haze pollution in Hangzhou.At the same time,this paper employs a series of methods to systematically evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on haze pollution in both time and space dimensions.This paper provides a credible basis and empirical support for the impact of international mega-events on air pollution in China.
文摘During the past decades,more attention has paid to the concept of leveraging sports mega-events to fast-track urban development and bring lasting value for host city(Legroux,2014).The 2016 Rio Olympics brings a great chance to the city to transform,promoting economic development including boosting tourism,attracting investment and stimulating infrastructure development.However,unbalanced development of the three aspects of ecological,economy and social inclusion exists in the Olympic projects.More attention is paid for the economic accumulation and most public facilities are built in well-developed areas.At the end of the article,some recommendations are come up for coordinated development.The government should focus on the equal distribution of resources and public participation.The development taking the Olympic Games as an opportunity should adhere to the principle of sustainable development.Considering the decreasing trend of bidding for the Olympic Games,low-cost and high-efficiency development models should be applied.
基金Swiss National Science Foundation,grant number:189196。
文摘This paper employs a comparative analysis to investigate the state-led use of industrial heritage in major Chinese mega-events,delving into the three cases of the Guangzhou Asian Games,the Shanghai Expo,and the Beijing Winter Olympics.Examining the evolving practices led by Chinese governments reveals unique pathways for industrial heritage and showcases its diverse roles in economic development and societal transformation.The three cases illustrate the nuanced dynamics between market forces and state interventions,emphasising the importance of strategic planning and long-term considerations in mega-event-induced heritage practices.Mega-events serve as catalysts for urban regeneration,allowing governments to allocate substantial resources to conserve and repurpose industrial heritage.However,the current paper contends that the sustained benefts of industrial heritage hinge on thoughtful planning for long-term economic and social sustainability,emphasising the need to constrain a focus on shortterm gains through land revenue.These refections contribute to a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between heritage preservation,economic development,and sustainable urban planning in the context of China’s mega-events.
文摘This research examines the evolution and renewal of Shanghai’s Huangpu River industrial zone after the 2010 Shanghai Expo,with a temporal focus on the profound changes and development philosophies driven by this megaevent.By investigating emblematic case studies along the Huangpu River,such as the transformative 80,000-ton silo,the Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art,and the Long Museum,this research articulates how mega-events serve as pivotal moments for reimagining and repurposing industrial heritage.In the wake of the 2010 Shanghai Expo,these industrial relics emerged as focal points of urban regeneration,embodying the tensions and synergies between historical preservation and contemporary urban development.This study explores the temporal layers—from the event’s catalytic role to enduring legacies—and reveals how time infuences the trajectory of urban spaces and the community’s connection to them.Through this temporal lens,the paper analyses the redevelopment process,assessing how these initiatives have reconfgured the industrial waterfront into a dynamic cultural landscape.The fndings ofer a dynamic perspective on the temporal dimensions that underpin the redevelopment of industrial heritage sites,providing insights into how such spaces can be continuously activated and symbiotically integrated into the fabric of the city.This paper aims to contribute to a broader understanding of the complexities involved in harnessing industrial heritage for mega-events,with implications for future urban planning and heritage conservation strategies.
基金Funding for data collection in this project comes from a Swiss National Science Foundation Grant in Social Sciences and Humanities.
文摘The reuse of industrial heritage sites has become increasingly prevalent in the context of hosting mega-events.This paper aims to investigate this trend,specifcally in the context of Olympic Games or World Expos,and its impact on urban regeneration strategies.It introduces a methodological tool,namely,the relationship matrix,to identify key factors from‘best practices’criteria for managing industrial sites and planning mega-event legacies.We use this matrix to address two research objectives,namely,to determine the role of industrial heritage reuse in mega-event urban projects and to evaluate whether this creates a favourable environment for place-making.This matrix enables us to compare and analyse the Shanghai 2010 World Expo and the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games as illustrative case studies.While guidelines and strategies for mega-events and industrial heritage have evolved towards a proactive people-centred approach,our fndings still reveal a bias towards material renewal in dominant discourses during the planning phase.This bias often overlooks or even excludes the memories and experiences of local communities.
文摘Increasingly,cities have turned to mega-events as part of strategies to secure much desired global recognition and attract future economic investment.These events have a broad range of physical effects on the city and can also introduce new concepts of the city.For historic cities,mega-events can potentially have a profound influence on the city’s urban heritage,both physically and how heritage comes to be understood and defined.Recent changing trends in mega-events could come to see them more closely integrated into the existing city fabric,making the potential impact of mega-events on built heritage more pronounced.One long-standing event embedded within the city fabric that serves as a noteworthy example is the European Capital of Culture(ECoC),operating for 30 years and travelling between more than 50 cities.The paper presents the European Capital of Cultures of Genoa 2004,Liverpool 2008 and Istanbul 2010 as three diverse cases with differing themes and roles for heritage in order to review the potential synergy or friction between events and heritage and calls for heritage actors to become more involved in these processes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 5180839)Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No. 17PJC084).
文摘This paper contributes to an in-depth understanding of how the mega- event contributes glurbanization of entrepreneurial city through a case study of Expo 2010 in Shanghai. It argues that spatial-related transformation is central to mega-event approach to glurbanization yet the soft power building is uncertain. It implies that the domestic impacts of mega- events are likely to be more profound than their global influences. This corresponds to the capitalist transformation from Fordist-Keynesianism to neoliberalism, in which mega-events such as Olympic Games and World Exposition have increasingly been incorporated into urban development plan to boost urban agenda. Although the profile of world fairs is reduced and does not have the international impacts that they used to have, Shanghai Expo 2010, the first Expo ever held in a developing country, is pinned hope on as the “Turn to Save the World Expo” and is unusually ambitious to bring opportunities in urban transformation. With a well-developed framework of glurbanization entailed by entrepreneurial city, this research enriches glurbanization theory by a thorough examination of Shanghai Expo. It finds that Expo-led landscape reconfiguration, spatial restructuring, and new sources provision effectively transformed Shanghai, propelling glurbanization in diminutive spatial scale. Yet, it remains powerless to impress the world as the voice of domestic propaganda is limited in the Western mainstream media. In all, the Expo case well exemplifies the power of mega-event approach to advancing local agenda, especially in spatial transformation per se, as well as its constraints in (re)shaping a global discourse.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40171027)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No 5301104)Soft Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No 2005B70101058)
文摘Taking the affinity between events and media as a conceptualization base, a total of 1032 related news re-ports of Expo '99 Kunming, gathered from the internet data bank of China INFOBANK from 1992 to 2003, are used as data sources. After classifying them with a communication research method-the content analysis, a data bank for SPSS is set up, and a mathematic model called the Integrated Impact Index of Expo '99 Kunming is constituted. With the model, the spatial distribution of the total integrated impacts of Expo '99 Kunming on the regions or cities with different regional scales is analysed quantitatively. The conclusions are: 1) the Expo '99 Kunming made obvious integrated impacts on the regions or cities of every scale, especially in the venue city and the region-Kunming City and Yunnan Province; 2) it had corresponding impacts on other provinces; 3) the spatial distribution of Integrated Impact Index had a disaggregation with both plane extension and spotted decentralization; and 4) there was a distance decay law in all three scales of regions (Kunming City, Yunnan Province and the whole China), which incarnated the spatial extension law of the integrated impact of a special mega-event.
基金supported by the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Project (Nos.42161160329 and N_HKUST609/21)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Nos.GRF 16202120 and T24/504/17)the Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province (No.2019B121205004)。
文摘Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTH.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.
文摘This study explores the morphological changes resulting from mega-events,focusing on the impact of the Arbaeen event on Al-Najaf's city morphology post-2003.It examines the physical,socio-cultural,and economic transformations in Najaf's urban form by analyzing the city profile.The study uses a descriptive-analytical framework,employing aerial,satellite,and photographic imagery to assess urban impacts.Additionally,a qualitative approach is used,integrating field experiments,observations,interviews,and note-taking to evaluate the social and economic dimensions.The methodology is based on a case study approach for comprehensive understanding.Findings reveal that the Arbaeen event caused significant and rapid changes in Najaf's urban,economic,and social fabric,with varying impacts between the old city and the suburbs.The event profoundly influenced Najaf's morphological evolution,leading to substantial alterations in urban structure and increased urban density.Economically,the impact is mainly concentrated in the old city,while social repercussions are more evident in the suburbs.Morphological changes in urban features are less discernible in the old city compared to the suburbs.The study highlights the importance of adopting sustainable and comprehensive urban planning strategies to manage the challenges and opportunities presented by religious mega-events.It offers valuable insights for fostering sustainable event management and urban development strategies.This research enriches the discourse on the influence of religious mega-events on urban environments by providing a holistic view of how such events shape traditional urban structures,particularly in the context of Al-Najaf.
文摘The planning and implementation of large-scale urban development projects(UDPs)tend to arouse expectations of increasing investments to urban and social improvements.However,these urban interventions have been less democratic and more elite-driven priorities,resulting in socio-spatial segregation in the city.In the case of the Rio de Janeiro/RJ,the urban interventions planned for the years following the 2016 Olympic Games have not yet occurred in the totality.In this sense,it is necessary to understand the impacts of this mega-event’s intervention when the legacy does not attend the expectations of improvements in the city.Thus,the analyses took into account official documents and the perception of residents close to the areas that received interventions for the Olympic Games,regarding the changes that occurred in these places.It is evident the importance of discussing the subject to later outline guidelines or strategies that aim to minimise significant impacts generated by this insertion in the urban environment.
文摘Mega-event tlagship （MEF） is a dual instrument for staging a mega-event and catalyzing regional urban renewal. Despite its unfailing popularity and controversial nature, many initiators seem to equate MEF development with signature architecture, resulting in a persistent issue of underuse among MEFs in the post-event era. Although research findings indicate that the early stages hold the key to the future of MEFs, insufficient research on this crucial matter has been done to provide useful analyses as to how to achieve this. To rectify this, this paper presents a case study of China Pavilion （CP） as the most spotlighted MEF initiated by Expo 2010 Shanghai China. Through participant observation, archival records, and documentation, the case of CP was extensively explored to learn how the client organization has addressed the issues of form, function, and future positioning at the early stages. By linking the pre-Expo conceptualization with its post-Expo performance, the case brings a renewed attention to the early stages of MEF development. Although it is a single-case study, this research yields results that indicate the possibility of having beneficial spillover impact on broader-scale urban renewal by balancing an MEF＇s dual mandate.
文摘There has been an increasing level of recognition of the interaction between cultural mega-events and built heritage in recent years.While research has broadly identifed the need to align strategies and visions,as well as involve heritage actors and local communities,there has not been a systematic investigation of the position of industrial heritage within this tableau.This paper examines in depth the European Capital of Culture(ECoC)programme,as it is one of the longest standing Capital of Culture programmes in the world and has a signifcant record of investment and urban transformation.In this paper,we survey and categorise the inclusion of industrial heritage within the ECoC programme in 36 host cities and regions spread across Europe.This research provides the most comprehensive understanding to date of the specifc forms of interaction between industrial heritage and ECoCs to better understand the kinds of relationships that have taken place.We then explore in detail the projects and decisions made in the cases of the 2023 Elefsina,2017 Pafos and 2008 Liverpool ECoCs.
基金Funding for data collection in this project comes from and Insight Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
文摘The article aims to understand the tensions inherent to the commemoration of a difcult and conficted past and the conservation of dissonant heritage.It explores the politics of memory and identity,and the power struggles that underscore the heritagisation process through a study of the transformation of Rio de Janeiro’s port in prepara-tion to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics.The paper uses the notion of heritage dissonance to shed light upon contemporary struggles over the interpretation of the port’s contested history and explores the debates that have surrounded the’discovery’of archeological remains,which exposed a controversial past marked by collective amnesia.The paper identifes various actions,instruments,and strategies used by various actors to either support or undermine the project,from inertia and obstructionism to memorialisation and ritual agency.The analysis of these fndings reveals the transformative potential of heritage,as an instrument of empower-ment in the ideological battle over collective memory,and a tool of resistance against historical denial.It discusses the way debates over heritage have stimulated public debate,infected the ofcial historical narrative,and allowed the legacies of slavery to infltrate collective consciousness.The paper concludes with a discussion of how heritage dissonance can engender actions leading to confict mediation,thereby promoting reconciliation and dialogue,and,ultimately,societal change.
基金partly derived from the doctoral thesis supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)under Grant#2016/21367-8.
文摘The Olympic Games have been associated with many urban transformation projects throughout their history,often focusing on city expansion.Recent sustainability concerns,however,constitute a pressing challenge,with the regeneration of central areas fulflling a key role in existing urban agendas.In this paper,the legacy of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games at two proposed centralities was analysed,namely,the Olympic Park,intended as a future neighbourhood to the west of the city,and Porto Maravilha(PM),an urban project aimed at revitalizing a central,historical area of the city.By comparing the Olympic Park and the frst provided areas in PM,in terms of selecting urban design criteria through qualitative in loco assessments,this paper focused on analysing the impacts of urban forms and heritage on the consolidation of these two centralities,as well as encouraging social interaction and integration into the city.The analysis results indicated that urban design attributes such as human-scaled,mixed-use,context-based urban spaces could interfere with social interaction and the usability of spaces.Moreover,the repurposing of heritage buildings contributed to urban cohesion for legacy transformation.Hence,novel insights into urban design and heritage could become important for future editions of the Olympics so that host cities may fulfl their sustainability agendas.
