1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western med...1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.展开更多
Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows rais...Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.展开更多
In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper...In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).展开更多
For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique acad...For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.展开更多
China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman a...China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman and Cropper models,to examine how air pollution affected individual health capital and medical service demand.Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for 2011,2013,2015,and 2018,the analysis applied a Heckman two-stage model and difference-in-differences estimation to identify the policy's effects on medical expenditure.The results showed that the APAPPC significantly reduced annual health spending,with stronger effects among women,older adults,and rural residents.The mechanism analysis indicated that the reduction in respiratory diseases played a key role.This study provides evidence that supports further airpollution control in China and offers useful insights for other developing countries.展开更多
On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th Nation...On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has vigorously promoted the integration and implementation of the Healthy China and Digital China strategies.The National Health Commission has prioritized the development of health and medical big data,issuing policies to promote standardized applica-tions and foster innovation in"Internet+Healthcare."Biomedical data has significantly contributed to preci-sion medicine,personalized health management,drug development,disease diagnosis,public health monitor-ing,and epidemic prediction capabilities.展开更多
Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation...Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation.The objective of this review is to evaluate the advances,relevances,and limitations of GANs in medical imaging.An organised literature review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).The literature considered included peer-reviewed papers published between 2020 and 2025 across databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,and Scopus.The studies related to applications of GAN architectures in medical imaging with reported experimental outcomes and published in English in reputable journals and conferences were considered for the review.Thesis,white papers,communication letters,and non-English articles were not included for the same.CLAIM based quality assessment criteria were applied to the included studies to assess the quality.The study classifies diverse GAN architectures,summarizing their clinical applications,technical performances,and their implementation hardships.Key findings reveal the increasing applications of GANs for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,reducing data scarcity through synthetic data generation,and supporting modality translation.However,concerns such as limited generalizability,lack of clinical validation,and regulatory constraints persist.This review provides a comprehensive study of the prevailing scenario of GANs in medical imaging and highlights crucial research gaps and future directions.Though GANs hold transformative capability for medical imaging,their integration into clinical use demands further validation,interpretability,and regulatory alignment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This c...Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.展开更多
Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of de...Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.展开更多
Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstructio...Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstruction methods either compromise on accuracy with iterative algorithms or suffer from limited generalizability with task-specific deep learning approaches.Methods:We present LDM-PIR,a lightweight physics-conditioned diffusion multi-model for medical image reconstruction that addresses key challenges in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),CT,and low-photon imaging.Unlike traditional iterative methods,which are computationally expensive,or task-specific deep learning approaches lacking generalizability,integrates three innovations.A physics-conditioned diffusion framework that embeds acquisition operators(Fourier/Radon transforms)and noise models directly into the reconstruction process.A multi-model architecture that unifies denoising,inpainting,and super-resolution via shared weight conditioning.A lightweight design(2.1M parameters)enabling rapid inference(0.8s/image on GPU).Through self-supervised fine-tuning with measurement consistency losses adapts to new imaging modalities using fewer annotated samples.Results:Achieves state-of-the-art performance on fastMRI(peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR):34.04 for single-coil/31.50 for multi-coil)and Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(28.83 PSNR under Poisson noise).Clinical evaluations demonstrate superior preservation of anatomical structures,with SSIM improvements of 8.8%for single-coil and 4.36%for multi-coil MRI over uDPIR.Conclusion:It offers a flexible,efficient,and scalable solution for medical image reconstruction,addressing the challenges of noise,undersampling,and modality generalization.The model’s lightweight design allows for rapid inference,while its self-supervised fine-tuning capability minimizes reliance on large annotated datasets,making it suitable for real-world clinical applications.展开更多
Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and ...Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and adolescents not only exhibit high myopia rates but also face increasingly prominent issues of younger onset and severe progression,which critically impact the nation’s future and require urgent attention.Myopia prevention constitutes a systematic project.Traditional Mongolian moxibustion therapy works by applying heat stimulation to specific acupoints to warm meridians,harmonize Qi-blood circulation,regulate elemental balance,thereby enhancing immunity for disease prevention.This holistic approach features non-invasive application with minimal side effects.However,current interventions in myopia management through this method still face challenges including inconsistent operational protocols and insufficiently systematic collaborative research.This paper reviews recent advancements in early intervention using Mongolian moxibustion therapy for myopia,providing insights to optimize myopia prevention strategies.展开更多
In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly...In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly care service models can no longer fully meet their needs.The integrated medical and elderly care model has emerged as the times require.It organically combines medical resources with elderly care resources to provide comprehensive and continuous health management services for the elderly,becoming an important approach to solving the problems of chronic disease management among the elderly.In this regard,this paper first elaborates on the role of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,and then puts forward application strategies of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,in order to provide certain reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patient...Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients.Methods We conducted a single-center,prospective,parallel-group feasibility randomized controlled trial.We recruited 80 participants using convenience sampling from the ICU of a hospital in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,between March 2025 and June 2025,and they were randomly assigned to either the control group(routine care)or the intervention group(routine care plus image recognition-based detection system).The system continuously tracked patients’hand positions via bedside cameras and generated real-time alarms when hands entered predefined risk zones,notifying on-duty nurses to enable early intervention.System stability was assessed by continuous system uptime;system performance and clinical feasibility were evaluated by the frequencies of risk actions and accidental dislodgement of medical supplies(ADMS).Results All 80 participants completed the intervention,with 40 patients in each group.The baseline characteristics and median observation time of the two groups were balanced(intervention group:48 h/patient vs.control group:49 h/patient).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed fewer ADMS(2/40 vs.9/40)and detected more risk actions per 100 h(36 vs.25);all system-detected events had corroborating images with complete concordance on manual review,and all nurse-recorded hand-contact events were accurately captured.Conclusions The study demonstrated that the image recognition-based detection system can function stably in clinical settings,providing accurate and continuous surveillance while supporting the early detection of risk actions.By reducing the observation burden and offering real-time cognitive support,the system complements routine nursing care and serves as an additional safety measure in ICU practice.With further optimization and larger multicenter validation,this approach could have the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of smart ICUs and the broader digital transformation of nursing care.展开更多
The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a...The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.展开更多
Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Bud...Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Buddhist,and Daoist medicine,and has demonstrated good clinical effects.However,the mechanism of action of relevant Dunhuang medical prescriptions is still unclear,existing research lacks systematic review and summarization,which has limited their further development.At the same time,the inheritance,innovation,and transformation of Dunhuang medicine are critical issues for the development of Dunhuang medicine,which has important guiding significance for the future development of Dunhuang medicine.Therefore,this study systematically summarizes the experimental research progress of Dunhuang medical prescriptions[except for those contained in Fu Xing Jue Zang Fu Yong Yao Fa Yao(《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》The Guideline to Use Medicines for Zang-fu)],and seven such prescriptions were selected based on three criteria:well-preserved texts,no prior transmission to the outside world,and having extensive research and clinical application over the past decade.The findings indicate that this type of prescription is applicable to a broad spectrum of diseases and has a promising application prospect in health preservation and disease prevention,as it exerts therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.Based on this,specific strategies for the transformation of Dunhuang characteristic prescriptions were proposed from three aspects:inheritance,innovative development,and transformation strategies,aiming to provide insights for the future development of Dunhuang medical prescriptions.展开更多
Identifying the active compounds in complex herbal medicines remains a critical topic in medical research and development.Traditional screening methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive,significantly hindering th...Identifying the active compounds in complex herbal medicines remains a critical topic in medical research and development.Traditional screening methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive,significantly hindering the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)[1].For instance,Angong Niuhuang pills(AGNHP),a widely used TCM formulation,has emerged as a prominent treatment for stroke,demonstrating significant thera-peutic effects[2].展开更多
The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of con...The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of contemporary medicine that includes fundamental medical and health sciences,clinical medicine,and public health.Nevertheless,the present phase of medical advancement encounters significant challenges,particularly in effectively translating basic research findings into practical applications in clinical and public health settings.Scientists increasingly collaborate with clinical experts to overcome these obstacles and address specific clinical issues by delving deeper into fundamental mechanisms.This collaborative effort has created a new interdisciplinary field:engineering medicine(EngMed),which focuses on addressing clinical and public health needs by integrating various scientific disciplines.This article discusses the definition,key tasks,significance,educational implications,and future trends in EngMed.展开更多
Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing o...Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing on the existing book“Milestones of Traditional Medicine in Myanmar”,and reviewing existing literature to analyze historical and contemporary sources.Elaborate on the question of how the history of traditional medicine in Myanmar originated and has continued to develop until now.These histories have proven that traditional medicine in Myanmar,despite facing numerous obstacles,has always been used by the people of Myanmar and has unique value,which deserves our continued attention and inheritance.展开更多
Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medi...Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).展开更多
文摘1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
文摘Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.
文摘In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).
文摘For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2025AFC041).
文摘China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman and Cropper models,to examine how air pollution affected individual health capital and medical service demand.Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for 2011,2013,2015,and 2018,the analysis applied a Heckman two-stage model and difference-in-differences estimation to identify the policy's effects on medical expenditure.The results showed that the APAPPC significantly reduced annual health spending,with stronger effects among women,older adults,and rural residents.The mechanism analysis indicated that the reduction in respiratory diseases played a key role.This study provides evidence that supports further airpollution control in China and offers useful insights for other developing countries.
文摘On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has vigorously promoted the integration and implementation of the Healthy China and Digital China strategies.The National Health Commission has prioritized the development of health and medical big data,issuing policies to promote standardized applica-tions and foster innovation in"Internet+Healthcare."Biomedical data has significantly contributed to preci-sion medicine,personalized health management,drug development,disease diagnosis,public health monitor-ing,and epidemic prediction capabilities.
基金supported by Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/540/46.
文摘Over the years,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have revolutionized the medical imaging industry for applications such as image synthesis,denoising,super resolution,data augmentation,and cross-modality translation.The objective of this review is to evaluate the advances,relevances,and limitations of GANs in medical imaging.An organised literature review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).The literature considered included peer-reviewed papers published between 2020 and 2025 across databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,and Scopus.The studies related to applications of GAN architectures in medical imaging with reported experimental outcomes and published in English in reputable journals and conferences were considered for the review.Thesis,white papers,communication letters,and non-English articles were not included for the same.CLAIM based quality assessment criteria were applied to the included studies to assess the quality.The study classifies diverse GAN architectures,summarizing their clinical applications,technical performances,and their implementation hardships.Key findings reveal the increasing applications of GANs for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,reducing data scarcity through synthetic data generation,and supporting modality translation.However,concerns such as limited generalizability,lack of clinical validation,and regulatory constraints persist.This review provides a comprehensive study of the prevailing scenario of GANs in medical imaging and highlights crucial research gaps and future directions.Though GANs hold transformative capability for medical imaging,their integration into clinical use demands further validation,interpretability,and regulatory alignment.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61903157)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Robotics(Grand No.2024-O08).
文摘Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.
基金funded by China Law Society 2025 Annual Legal Research,Project grant number:CLS(2025)Y04.
文摘Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.
文摘Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstruction methods either compromise on accuracy with iterative algorithms or suffer from limited generalizability with task-specific deep learning approaches.Methods:We present LDM-PIR,a lightweight physics-conditioned diffusion multi-model for medical image reconstruction that addresses key challenges in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),CT,and low-photon imaging.Unlike traditional iterative methods,which are computationally expensive,or task-specific deep learning approaches lacking generalizability,integrates three innovations.A physics-conditioned diffusion framework that embeds acquisition operators(Fourier/Radon transforms)and noise models directly into the reconstruction process.A multi-model architecture that unifies denoising,inpainting,and super-resolution via shared weight conditioning.A lightweight design(2.1M parameters)enabling rapid inference(0.8s/image on GPU).Through self-supervised fine-tuning with measurement consistency losses adapts to new imaging modalities using fewer annotated samples.Results:Achieves state-of-the-art performance on fastMRI(peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR):34.04 for single-coil/31.50 for multi-coil)and Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(28.83 PSNR under Poisson noise).Clinical evaluations demonstrate superior preservation of anatomical structures,with SSIM improvements of 8.8%for single-coil and 4.36%for multi-coil MRI over uDPIR.Conclusion:It offers a flexible,efficient,and scalable solution for medical image reconstruction,addressing the challenges of noise,undersampling,and modality generalization.The model’s lightweight design allows for rapid inference,while its self-supervised fine-tuning capability minimizes reliance on large annotated datasets,making it suitable for real-world clinical applications.
文摘Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and adolescents not only exhibit high myopia rates but also face increasingly prominent issues of younger onset and severe progression,which critically impact the nation’s future and require urgent attention.Myopia prevention constitutes a systematic project.Traditional Mongolian moxibustion therapy works by applying heat stimulation to specific acupoints to warm meridians,harmonize Qi-blood circulation,regulate elemental balance,thereby enhancing immunity for disease prevention.This holistic approach features non-invasive application with minimal side effects.However,current interventions in myopia management through this method still face challenges including inconsistent operational protocols and insufficiently systematic collaborative research.This paper reviews recent advancements in early intervention using Mongolian moxibustion therapy for myopia,providing insights to optimize myopia prevention strategies.
文摘In recent years,with the accelerating aging process of the population,China has entered an aging society,and the number of elderly patients with chronic diseases has been increasing.The traditional medical and elderly care service models can no longer fully meet their needs.The integrated medical and elderly care model has emerged as the times require.It organically combines medical resources with elderly care resources to provide comprehensive and continuous health management services for the elderly,becoming an important approach to solving the problems of chronic disease management among the elderly.In this regard,this paper first elaborates on the role of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,and then puts forward application strategies of integrated medical and elderly care in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly,in order to provide certain reference for relevant researchers.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to design and evaluate a detection system for the accidental dislodgement of head-and-neck medical supplies through hand position recognition and tracking in Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients.Methods We conducted a single-center,prospective,parallel-group feasibility randomized controlled trial.We recruited 80 participants using convenience sampling from the ICU of a hospital in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,between March 2025 and June 2025,and they were randomly assigned to either the control group(routine care)or the intervention group(routine care plus image recognition-based detection system).The system continuously tracked patients’hand positions via bedside cameras and generated real-time alarms when hands entered predefined risk zones,notifying on-duty nurses to enable early intervention.System stability was assessed by continuous system uptime;system performance and clinical feasibility were evaluated by the frequencies of risk actions and accidental dislodgement of medical supplies(ADMS).Results All 80 participants completed the intervention,with 40 patients in each group.The baseline characteristics and median observation time of the two groups were balanced(intervention group:48 h/patient vs.control group:49 h/patient).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed fewer ADMS(2/40 vs.9/40)and detected more risk actions per 100 h(36 vs.25);all system-detected events had corroborating images with complete concordance on manual review,and all nurse-recorded hand-contact events were accurately captured.Conclusions The study demonstrated that the image recognition-based detection system can function stably in clinical settings,providing accurate and continuous surveillance while supporting the early detection of risk actions.By reducing the observation burden and offering real-time cognitive support,the system complements routine nursing care and serves as an additional safety measure in ICU practice.With further optimization and larger multicenter validation,this approach could have the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of smart ICUs and the broader digital transformation of nursing care.
文摘The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.
基金financed by the grants from Dunhuang Medical Literature Compilation and Application Research Center Project of Gansu Provincial Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(No.DHYXJD2025)National Social Science Fund General Project(No.22BYY038).
文摘Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Buddhist,and Daoist medicine,and has demonstrated good clinical effects.However,the mechanism of action of relevant Dunhuang medical prescriptions is still unclear,existing research lacks systematic review and summarization,which has limited their further development.At the same time,the inheritance,innovation,and transformation of Dunhuang medicine are critical issues for the development of Dunhuang medicine,which has important guiding significance for the future development of Dunhuang medicine.Therefore,this study systematically summarizes the experimental research progress of Dunhuang medical prescriptions[except for those contained in Fu Xing Jue Zang Fu Yong Yao Fa Yao(《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》The Guideline to Use Medicines for Zang-fu)],and seven such prescriptions were selected based on three criteria:well-preserved texts,no prior transmission to the outside world,and having extensive research and clinical application over the past decade.The findings indicate that this type of prescription is applicable to a broad spectrum of diseases and has a promising application prospect in health preservation and disease prevention,as it exerts therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.Based on this,specific strategies for the transformation of Dunhuang characteristic prescriptions were proposed from three aspects:inheritance,innovative development,and transformation strategies,aiming to provide insights for the future development of Dunhuang medical prescriptions.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.:2022CXGC020515)the Major Industrial Research Project for the Transformation of New and Old Kinetic Energy of Shandong Province,China.
文摘Identifying the active compounds in complex herbal medicines remains a critical topic in medical research and development.Traditional screening methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive,significantly hindering the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)[1].For instance,Angong Niuhuang pills(AGNHP),a widely used TCM formulation,has emerged as a prominent treatment for stroke,demonstrating significant thera-peutic effects[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Innovative Research Group Project(61821002)the Frontier Funda-mental Research Program of Jiangsu Province for Leading Technology(BK20222002).
文摘The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of contemporary medicine that includes fundamental medical and health sciences,clinical medicine,and public health.Nevertheless,the present phase of medical advancement encounters significant challenges,particularly in effectively translating basic research findings into practical applications in clinical and public health settings.Scientists increasingly collaborate with clinical experts to overcome these obstacles and address specific clinical issues by delving deeper into fundamental mechanisms.This collaborative effort has created a new interdisciplinary field:engineering medicine(EngMed),which focuses on addressing clinical and public health needs by integrating various scientific disciplines.This article discusses the definition,key tasks,significance,educational implications,and future trends in EngMed.
基金2020 Yunnan Province International Commissioner(Individual)Recognition Work Project(202003AK140041)2024 Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Team:Research on the Exchange and Integration of Traditional Medicine in Yunnan(2024CX09)2023 Hospital-level Project of School of Basic Medical Sciences,Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,“Comparison and Research on Traditional Medicine Treatment Methods in China and Burma”(2023CBMS009).
文摘Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing on the existing book“Milestones of Traditional Medicine in Myanmar”,and reviewing existing literature to analyze historical and contemporary sources.Elaborate on the question of how the history of traditional medicine in Myanmar originated and has continued to develop until now.These histories have proven that traditional medicine in Myanmar,despite facing numerous obstacles,has always been used by the people of Myanmar and has unique value,which deserves our continued attention and inheritance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82222068,82070423,82270348,and 82173779)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Pro-gram of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No:ZYYCXTD-D-202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province Science and Technology Project,China(Grant Nos.:2021J01420479,2021J02058,2022J011374,and 2022J02057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720230070).
文摘Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).
