Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a pulmonary vascular disease caused by multiple etiologies,characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated pulmonary artery pressure,which can lead to severe cardiova...Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a pulmonary vascular disease caused by multiple etiologies,characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated pulmonary artery pressure,which can lead to severe cardiovascular complications.The third type of PH,hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)caused by chronic lung disease and/or hypoxia,has complex and incomplete pathological mechanism.Current clinical treatment for HPH primarily focus on alleviating symptoms,with limited effectiveness in improving pulmonary vascular remodeling(PVR).Recent studies by various scholars have indicated that certain traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,extracts,and formulations can inhibit multiple signaling pathways,thereby suppressing pulmonary vascular remodeling and demonstrating favorable efficacy against HPH.This article reviews the pathogenesis of HPH,including pulmonary arterial wall thickening,immune inflammation,and thrombogenesis,and discusses the latest research advancements regarding the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of TCM in treating HPH.展开更多
Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are ne...Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uni...Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.展开更多
In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are cru...In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.展开更多
Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guang...Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.展开更多
The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions a...The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no exception.Cell-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid compositi...Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no exception.Cell-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these forces.Intrinsic and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse formation.In the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called plasticity.Synaptic plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).展开更多
Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylost...Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.展开更多
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,there...Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,thereby impairing its pumping efficiency.Moreover,HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation,which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke.Given these significant clinical ramifications,research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels.In this review,we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis,drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms,while highlighting the limitations of current research.Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)procedure in Chinese patients with angle-closure glaucoma(ACG),and the mechanisms of its intraocular pressure(IOP)lowering effects.METHO...AIM:To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)procedure in Chinese patients with angle-closure glaucoma(ACG),and the mechanisms of its intraocular pressure(IOP)lowering effects.METHODS:Fifty-six patients(56 eyes)diagnosed with primary and/or secondary ACG were enrolled in this prospective study.Visual acuity,IOP,slit-lamp examinations,structural parameters of anterior segments including anterior chamber depth(ACD),pupillary diameter(PD),anterior chamber area(ACAr),anterior chamber angle(ACAn),and side effects were evaluated.Seven rhesus macaques(Macaca Mulatta)were used for the analyses of IOP lowering effects,including inflammatory reactions,pathohistological evaluation,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and aqueous outflow pathway via 1%basic fuchsin perfusion.RESULTS:Fifty six eyes of 24 male and 32 female patients with an average age of 58.93±15.97 years old were recruited in primary and secondary ACG affected 31 and 25 eyes,respectively.Clinically,the mean IOP was 17.89±7.93 mm Hg(n=53,53.63%reduction,P<0.001)at 1wk and 22.47±12.00 mm Hg at 12mo(n=16,18.67%reduction,P<0.01)after UCP,compared to the baseline of 39.08±14.75 mm Hg(n=56).Postoperative tolerance was favorable in 94.64%of cases,with visual acuity unchanged or improved in 96.43%of patients.Mild and transient inflammatory reactions were observed post UCP.UBM analysis revealed statistically significant changes in anterior chamber parameters:increased ACD(n=22,P<0.05),enlarged PD(n=22,P<0.05),expanded ACAr(n=16,P<0.01),and widened ACAn(n=19,P<0.05)compared to preoperative measurements.As in normal monkey eyes,IOP was also reduced upon UCP.Mild inflammatory reactions were seen 1-7d post treatment.Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining showed enlarged spaces among ciliary muscle bundles.Ciliary process stromal edema was evident,but significant loss of two layers of ciliary epitheliums was not seen.SEM confirmed ciliary muscle fibers concentrated.Fuchsin anterior chamber perfusion showed the whole ciliary body staining in UCP group,but only surface staining in controls.CONCLUSION:UCP is efficient and safe to lower the IOP of patients with ACG.Changed anterior chamber structure and increased aqueous humour outflow via uveoscleral pathway may significantly attribute to IOP lowering effects of UCP.展开更多
Fibrosis is characterized as an aberrant reparative process involving the direct replacement of damaged or deceased cells with connective tissue,leading to progressive architectural remodeling across various tissues a...Fibrosis is characterized as an aberrant reparative process involving the direct replacement of damaged or deceased cells with connective tissue,leading to progressive architectural remodeling across various tissues and organs.This condition imposes a substantial burden,resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality.Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer),renowned for its medicinal properties,has been incorporated as a key component in Chinese patent medicines to mitigate fibrotic diseases.Ginsenosides,the primary bioactive compounds in ginseng,have garnered significant attention.Over the past five years,extensive research has explored the pharmaceutical potential of ginsenosides in diverse organ fibrosis conditions,including liver,myocardial,renal,and pulmonary fibrosis.Studies have elucidated that ginsenosides demonstrate potential effects on inflammatory responses stemming from parenchymal cell damage,myofibroblast activation leading to extracellular matrix(ECM)production,and myofibroblast apoptosis or inactivation.Additionally,potential downstream targets and pathways associated with these pathological processes have been identified as being influenced by ginsenosides.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the efficacious treatments utilizing ginsenosides for various tissue fibrosis types and their potential antifibrotic mechanisms.Furthermore,it offers a reference for the development of novel candidate drugs for future organ fibrosis therapies.展开更多
The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Pro...The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province,China”.展开更多
This study systematically investigates the concentration of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids and the distribution of geothermal radon mineral water in Shandong Province,with the aim of elucidating formation mechanisms an...This study systematically investigates the concentration of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids and the distribution of geothermal radon mineral water in Shandong Province,with the aim of elucidating formation mechanisms and influencing factors.The findings indicate that the overall abundance of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids across the region is relatively low.Geothermal radon mineral water is primarily located within banded thermal reservoirs associated with bedrock fracture structures in the Ludong and Luxi uplift geothermal zones.The study reveals that the ionic composition,radioactivity intensity,and extent of water-rock interactions exert only effects in the concentration of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids.The formation of geothermal radon mineral water is predominantly governed by“fracture-controlled”mechanisms,with thermal reservoir lithology,fracture tectonics,and seismic activity serving as key determinants.Additionally,the enrichment of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids is influenced by factors such as geothermal fluid temperature,depth of occurrence,cap rock thickness,and alteration processes.The genetic mechanisms of geothermal radon mineral water can be categorized into two types:„native‟and„composite‟.These findings provide critical insights into the exploration and development of geothermal radon mineral water resources in Shandong and similar regions.展开更多
The Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein (CIRBP) family plays a pivotal role in cellular stress responses and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the expression alterations of CIRBP family member...The Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein (CIRBP) family plays a pivotal role in cellular stress responses and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the expression alterations of CIRBP family members across various cancer types and their potential molecular mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics and functions of the CIRBP family, alongside their expression profiles in tumors and the regulatory molecular mechanisms involved. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to offer new insights and directions for future cancer therapies, emphasizing the importance of CIRBP proteins in oncological research.展开更多
To investigate the forward kinematics problem of parallel mechanisms with complex limbs and to expand the applicability of the powerful tool of Conformal Geometric Algebra(CGA),a CGA-based modeling and solution method...To investigate the forward kinematics problem of parallel mechanisms with complex limbs and to expand the applicability of the powerful tool of Conformal Geometric Algebra(CGA),a CGA-based modeling and solution method for a class of parallel platforms with 3-RE structure after locking the actuated joints is proposed in this paper.Given that the angle between specific joint axes of limbs remains constant,a set of geometric constraints for the forward kinematics of parallel mechanisms(PM)are determined.After translating unit direction vectors of these joint axes to the common starting point,the geometric constraints of the angle between the vectors are transformed into the distances between the endpoints of the vectors,making them easier to handle.Under the framework of CGA,the positions of key points that determine the position and orientation of the moving platform can be intuitively determined by the intersection,division,and duality of basic geometric entities.By employing the tangent half-angle substitution,the forward kinematic analysis of the parallel mechanisms leads to a high-order univariate polynomial equation without the need for any complex algebraic elimination operations.After solving this equation and back substitution,the position and pose of the MP can be obtained indirectly.A numerical case is utilized to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Lacustrine shale oil reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin have demonstrated significant potential for hydrocarbon resources.Natural fractures play a crucial role in hydrocarbon enrichment...Lacustrine shale oil reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin have demonstrated significant potential for hydrocarbon resources.Natural fractures play a crucial role in hydrocarbon enrichment and production.Outcrops,cores,borehole image logs,thin sections,and FE-SEM images were used to investigate the types and characteristics of natural fractures in the Chang 7 Member.The factors controlling fracture development and the mechanisms of bedding-parallel fracture formation were revealed by integrating TOC analysis,XRD analysis,and rock pyrolysis.Results show that natural fractures in the study area include high-angle tectonic fractures and nearly horizontal bedding-parallel fractures.Brittle minerals and bed thickness control the occurrence and attributes of tectonic fractures.High TOC content and thermal maturity positively affect the development of bedding-parallel fractures,formed through the conversion of organic matter to hydrocarbons or the smectite-to-illite transformation.Additionally,the dominant orientations of tectonic fractures intersect the present-day maximum horizontal principal stress at a small angle,resulting in large apertures and good effectiveness.Bedding-parallel fractures contribute to enhance porosity and provide favorable pathways for lateral hydrocarbon migration.Collectively,this study could provide valuable insights for finding promising exploration areas in lacustrine shale oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and worldwide.展开更多
The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.T...The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.展开更多
This study systematically analyzes the influence of different combined joint dip angles on rock mass failure modes and damage mechanisms through uniaxial compression tests on granite specimens with prefabricated Y-sha...This study systematically analyzes the influence of different combined joint dip angles on rock mass failure modes and damage mechanisms through uniaxial compression tests on granite specimens with prefabricated Y-shaped discontinuities,combined with digital speckle and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring.The results show that as the dip angle of the primary joint increases,the failure mode transitions from overall failure to wedge block ejection and shear failure.A failure mode identification model was established based on main crack dip angle thresholds(40°,45°),uniaxial compressive strength thresholds(40,90 MPa),and energy core zone proportion thresholds(20%,10%),achieving an accuracy of 93.3%.In the overall failure and wedge block ejection modes,a sharp increase in shear crack ratio and a sudden drop in the acoustic emission b-value occur in the high-stress phase(>0.6σ_(c)),while in the shear failure mode,significant fluctuations are observed due to the shear-tension alternation,making it difficult to identify a single critical point.Additionally,joint slip in the overall failure and wedge block ejection modes primarily occurs during the failure instability phase(>0.8σ_(c)).These findings provide theoretical support for stability evaluation of complex fractured rock masses and practical guidance for engineering safety construction.展开更多
Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senes...Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.展开更多
Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacologi...Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Funds for the Central Government to Guide Local Science and Technology Development(No.246Z7704G,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.H2024110033,China).
文摘Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a pulmonary vascular disease caused by multiple etiologies,characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated pulmonary artery pressure,which can lead to severe cardiovascular complications.The third type of PH,hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)caused by chronic lung disease and/or hypoxia,has complex and incomplete pathological mechanism.Current clinical treatment for HPH primarily focus on alleviating symptoms,with limited effectiveness in improving pulmonary vascular remodeling(PVR).Recent studies by various scholars have indicated that certain traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,extracts,and formulations can inhibit multiple signaling pathways,thereby suppressing pulmonary vascular remodeling and demonstrating favorable efficacy against HPH.This article reviews the pathogenesis of HPH,including pulmonary arterial wall thickening,immune inflammation,and thrombogenesis,and discusses the latest research advancements regarding the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of TCM in treating HPH.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2021J02035(to WX).
文摘Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.
基金financial support from the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231006)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871217).
文摘Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308316)Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province(No.ZJRMG-2022-01)+1 种基金Fudamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversities,CHD(No.300102265303)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Shenyang Engineering Company(No.NKJ001-2025).
文摘In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.
基金National Social Science Foundation Program,No.22VRC163National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42061043+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX24_1008Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCSW2024473。
文摘Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.
文摘The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by PTDC-01778/2022-NeuroDev3D,iNOVA4Health(UIDB/04462/2020 and UIDP/04462/2020)LS4FUTURE(LA/P/0087/2020)。
文摘Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no exception.Cell-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these forces.Intrinsic and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse formation.In the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called plasticity.Synaptic plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program(No:LGN21C140001).
文摘Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.
基金supported by Henan Provincial Key Technologies R&D Program(Grant No.25202310242)Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(Grant No.LHGJ20240150).
文摘Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases(CVD),the leading cause of death globally.HCM can precipitate heart failure(HF)by causing the cardiac tissue to weaken and stretch,thereby impairing its pumping efficiency.Moreover,HCM increases the risk of atrial fibrillation,which in turn elevates the likelihood of thrombus formation and stroke.Given these significant clinical ramifications,research into the etiology and pathogenesis of HCM is intensifying at multiple levels.In this review,we discuss and synthesize the latest findings on HCM pathogenesis,drawing on key experimental studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.We also offer our insights and perspectives on these mechanisms,while highlighting the limitations of current research.Advancing fundamental research in this area is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and enhancing the clinical management of HCM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82471071)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023J011580)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227401)Huanhua Scholar Program and the Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Fund(No.2022BH02).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)procedure in Chinese patients with angle-closure glaucoma(ACG),and the mechanisms of its intraocular pressure(IOP)lowering effects.METHODS:Fifty-six patients(56 eyes)diagnosed with primary and/or secondary ACG were enrolled in this prospective study.Visual acuity,IOP,slit-lamp examinations,structural parameters of anterior segments including anterior chamber depth(ACD),pupillary diameter(PD),anterior chamber area(ACAr),anterior chamber angle(ACAn),and side effects were evaluated.Seven rhesus macaques(Macaca Mulatta)were used for the analyses of IOP lowering effects,including inflammatory reactions,pathohistological evaluation,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and aqueous outflow pathway via 1%basic fuchsin perfusion.RESULTS:Fifty six eyes of 24 male and 32 female patients with an average age of 58.93±15.97 years old were recruited in primary and secondary ACG affected 31 and 25 eyes,respectively.Clinically,the mean IOP was 17.89±7.93 mm Hg(n=53,53.63%reduction,P<0.001)at 1wk and 22.47±12.00 mm Hg at 12mo(n=16,18.67%reduction,P<0.01)after UCP,compared to the baseline of 39.08±14.75 mm Hg(n=56).Postoperative tolerance was favorable in 94.64%of cases,with visual acuity unchanged or improved in 96.43%of patients.Mild and transient inflammatory reactions were observed post UCP.UBM analysis revealed statistically significant changes in anterior chamber parameters:increased ACD(n=22,P<0.05),enlarged PD(n=22,P<0.05),expanded ACAr(n=16,P<0.01),and widened ACAn(n=19,P<0.05)compared to preoperative measurements.As in normal monkey eyes,IOP was also reduced upon UCP.Mild inflammatory reactions were seen 1-7d post treatment.Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining showed enlarged spaces among ciliary muscle bundles.Ciliary process stromal edema was evident,but significant loss of two layers of ciliary epitheliums was not seen.SEM confirmed ciliary muscle fibers concentrated.Fuchsin anterior chamber perfusion showed the whole ciliary body staining in UCP group,but only surface staining in controls.CONCLUSION:UCP is efficient and safe to lower the IOP of patients with ACG.Changed anterior chamber structure and increased aqueous humour outflow via uveoscleral pathway may significantly attribute to IOP lowering effects of UCP.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82374103、82174036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2632024TD03).
文摘Fibrosis is characterized as an aberrant reparative process involving the direct replacement of damaged or deceased cells with connective tissue,leading to progressive architectural remodeling across various tissues and organs.This condition imposes a substantial burden,resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality.Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer),renowned for its medicinal properties,has been incorporated as a key component in Chinese patent medicines to mitigate fibrotic diseases.Ginsenosides,the primary bioactive compounds in ginseng,have garnered significant attention.Over the past five years,extensive research has explored the pharmaceutical potential of ginsenosides in diverse organ fibrosis conditions,including liver,myocardial,renal,and pulmonary fibrosis.Studies have elucidated that ginsenosides demonstrate potential effects on inflammatory responses stemming from parenchymal cell damage,myofibroblast activation leading to extracellular matrix(ECM)production,and myofibroblast apoptosis or inactivation.Additionally,potential downstream targets and pathways associated with these pathological processes have been identified as being influenced by ginsenosides.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the efficacious treatments utilizing ginsenosides for various tissue fibrosis types and their potential antifibrotic mechanisms.Furthermore,it offers a reference for the development of novel candidate drugs for future organ fibrosis therapies.
文摘The original online version https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9130-x has wrong title.The correct title for this article should be“Reactivation mechanisms of the ancient Dahekou landslide in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province,China”.
基金supported by the Geological Exploration Leading Demonstration and Science and Technology Research Project of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development in 2022(No.KY202203).
文摘This study systematically investigates the concentration of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids and the distribution of geothermal radon mineral water in Shandong Province,with the aim of elucidating formation mechanisms and influencing factors.The findings indicate that the overall abundance of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids across the region is relatively low.Geothermal radon mineral water is primarily located within banded thermal reservoirs associated with bedrock fracture structures in the Ludong and Luxi uplift geothermal zones.The study reveals that the ionic composition,radioactivity intensity,and extent of water-rock interactions exert only effects in the concentration of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids.The formation of geothermal radon mineral water is predominantly governed by“fracture-controlled”mechanisms,with thermal reservoir lithology,fracture tectonics,and seismic activity serving as key determinants.Additionally,the enrichment of ^(222)Rn in geothermal fluids is influenced by factors such as geothermal fluid temperature,depth of occurrence,cap rock thickness,and alteration processes.The genetic mechanisms of geothermal radon mineral water can be categorized into two types:„native‟and„composite‟.These findings provide critical insights into the exploration and development of geothermal radon mineral water resources in Shandong and similar regions.
文摘The Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein (CIRBP) family plays a pivotal role in cellular stress responses and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the expression alterations of CIRBP family members across various cancer types and their potential molecular mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics and functions of the CIRBP family, alongside their expression profiles in tumors and the regulatory molecular mechanisms involved. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to offer new insights and directions for future cancer therapies, emphasizing the importance of CIRBP proteins in oncological research.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52175019)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. L222038)+3 种基金Beijing Nova Programme Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project of China (Grant No. 20240484699)Joint Funds of Industry-University-Research of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology of China (Grant No. SAST2022-017)Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Space-ground Interconnection and Convergence of ChinaKey Laboratory of IoT Monitoring and Early Warning,Ministry of Emergency Management of China
文摘To investigate the forward kinematics problem of parallel mechanisms with complex limbs and to expand the applicability of the powerful tool of Conformal Geometric Algebra(CGA),a CGA-based modeling and solution method for a class of parallel platforms with 3-RE structure after locking the actuated joints is proposed in this paper.Given that the angle between specific joint axes of limbs remains constant,a set of geometric constraints for the forward kinematics of parallel mechanisms(PM)are determined.After translating unit direction vectors of these joint axes to the common starting point,the geometric constraints of the angle between the vectors are transformed into the distances between the endpoints of the vectors,making them easier to handle.Under the framework of CGA,the positions of key points that determine the position and orientation of the moving platform can be intuitively determined by the intersection,division,and duality of basic geometric entities.By employing the tangent half-angle substitution,the forward kinematic analysis of the parallel mechanisms leads to a high-order univariate polynomial equation without the need for any complex algebraic elimination operations.After solving this equation and back substitution,the position and pose of the MP can be obtained indirectly.A numerical case is utilized to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42090025,42302148)State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development(33550000-22-ZC0613-0336)CNPC Innovation Found(2023DQ02-0103)。
文摘Lacustrine shale oil reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin have demonstrated significant potential for hydrocarbon resources.Natural fractures play a crucial role in hydrocarbon enrichment and production.Outcrops,cores,borehole image logs,thin sections,and FE-SEM images were used to investigate the types and characteristics of natural fractures in the Chang 7 Member.The factors controlling fracture development and the mechanisms of bedding-parallel fracture formation were revealed by integrating TOC analysis,XRD analysis,and rock pyrolysis.Results show that natural fractures in the study area include high-angle tectonic fractures and nearly horizontal bedding-parallel fractures.Brittle minerals and bed thickness control the occurrence and attributes of tectonic fractures.High TOC content and thermal maturity positively affect the development of bedding-parallel fractures,formed through the conversion of organic matter to hydrocarbons or the smectite-to-illite transformation.Additionally,the dominant orientations of tectonic fractures intersect the present-day maximum horizontal principal stress at a small angle,resulting in large apertures and good effectiveness.Bedding-parallel fractures contribute to enhance porosity and provide favorable pathways for lateral hydrocarbon migration.Collectively,this study could provide valuable insights for finding promising exploration areas in lacustrine shale oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and worldwide.
文摘The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2903903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374157)+1 种基金the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374157)Ordos Major Science and Technology Program(No.JBGS-2023-003)。
文摘This study systematically analyzes the influence of different combined joint dip angles on rock mass failure modes and damage mechanisms through uniaxial compression tests on granite specimens with prefabricated Y-shaped discontinuities,combined with digital speckle and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring.The results show that as the dip angle of the primary joint increases,the failure mode transitions from overall failure to wedge block ejection and shear failure.A failure mode identification model was established based on main crack dip angle thresholds(40°,45°),uniaxial compressive strength thresholds(40,90 MPa),and energy core zone proportion thresholds(20%,10%),achieving an accuracy of 93.3%.In the overall failure and wedge block ejection modes,a sharp increase in shear crack ratio and a sudden drop in the acoustic emission b-value occur in the high-stress phase(>0.6σ_(c)),while in the shear failure mode,significant fluctuations are observed due to the shear-tension alternation,making it difficult to identify a single critical point.Additionally,joint slip in the overall failure and wedge block ejection modes primarily occurs during the failure instability phase(>0.8σ_(c)).These findings provide theoretical support for stability evaluation of complex fractured rock masses and practical guidance for engineering safety construction.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300221)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15–15)+1 种基金Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2024D03)Dong Hezhong Studio for Popularization of Science and Technology in Salt Tolerant Industrial Crops(202228297).
文摘Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.
基金by grants from the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0005/2024/AKP,0075/2022/A,and 028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field(2220004000117)the University of Macao(MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMSUMDF,MYRG-GRG2024-00150-ICMS-UMDF and CPG2025-00030-ICMS).
文摘Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.
