Background: Animal studies have demonstrated that iron may be related to carcinogenesis, and human studies found that heme iron can increase the formation of Nnitroso compounds, which are known carcinogens. Objectives...Background: Animal studies have demonstrated that iron may be related to carcinogenesis, and human studies found that heme iron can increase the formation of Nnitroso compounds, which are known carcinogens. Objectives: One of the postulated mechanisms linking red meat intake to cancer risk involves iron. Epidemiologic studies attempt to investigate the association between heme iron intake and cancer by applying a standard factor to total iron from meat. However, laboratory studies suggest that heme iron levels in meat vary according to cooking method and doneness level. We measured heme iron in meats cooked by different cooking methods to a range of doneness levels to use in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire to estimate heme iron intake. Methods: Composite meat samples were made to represent each meat type, cooking method and doneness level. Heme iron was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Results: Steak and hamburgers contained the highest levels of heme iron, pork and chicken thigh meat had slightly lower levels, and chicken breast meat had the lowest. Conclusions: Although heme iron levels varied, there was no clear effect of cooking method or doneness level. We outline the methods used to create a heme iron database to be used in conjunction with food frequency questionnaires to estimate heme iron intake in relation to disease outcome.展开更多
Heavy metals like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in trace levels are vital for human health as they support a number of physiological processes. In contrast, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) provide no health be...Heavy metals like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in trace levels are vital for human health as they support a number of physiological processes. In contrast, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) provide no health benefits and can cause significant health problems when accumulated in the body. The main sources of heavy metal contamination in humans include the consumption of unhygienic and contaminated food products. In Uganda, roasted pork and goat meats are highly consumed among the population. Therefore, this research aims to determine the levels of Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Fe and the associated human health risks in roasted pork and goat meat samples collected from Ishaka-Bushenyi Municipality, Uganda. Results showed that the mean levels of heavy metals (mg/kg) in roasted pork were in the order of Fe (4.706) > Pb (2.220) > Cu (1.927) > Cd (0.766) > Mn (0.391), while in roasted goat meat, the order was Pb (8.152) > Fe (5.152) > Cu (1.834) > Cd (0.794) > Mn (0.388). Lead (Pb) was observed to have the highest concentration which is likely to pose a risk to both children and adults, while manganese had the lowest concentration. The estimation of human health risks revealed that the essential metals had target hazard quotient (THQ) values below threshold in all samples while the non-essential elements had THQ values above 1. The hazard index (HI) obtained for each sample was greater than 1 indicating non-carcinogenic health risks to consumers (HI > 1). In 88% of cases, cancer risks (CR) values were within 10−4 and acceptable. Additionally, children are more vulnerable to non-cancer risks than the adults due to lower body weight. This research highlights the need of regularly monitoring of locations where vendors sell processed meats, as well as implementing laws to mitigate the health hazards associated with consuming polluted roasted meats.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Background The deposition of intramuscular fat(IMF)in livestock can enhance the flavor and tenderness of meat products,significantly increasing consumer satisfaction.To achieve this industrial trait,this study investi...Background The deposition of intramuscular fat(IMF)in livestock can enhance the flavor and tenderness of meat products,significantly increasing consumer satisfaction.To achieve this industrial trait,this study investigated the regulatory effects of 20 dietary nutrients on sheep IMF deposition using a 3D organoid culture model.Results Key nutrients enhancing angiogenesis,adipocyte differentiation,and lipid accumulation were identified through assessments of capillary sprouts development,mRNA expression,and Oil Red O staining.Vitamins C(VC),E(VE),and K1(VK1),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),leucine(Leu),lysine(Lys),methionine(Met),N-carbamylglutamate(NCG),tryptophan(Trp),α-linolenic acid(ALA),linoleic acid(LA),cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid(c9,t11-CLA),acetic acid(HAc),and sodium acetate(NaAc)stimulated while vitamins B9(VB9),D(VD),K2(VK2),taurine(Tau),and sodium butyrate(NaBu)inhibited angiogenesis(P<0.05).Furthermore,VC,VE,VK1,VK2,GAA,Leu,NCG,Trp,ALA,LA,and HAc enhanced adipocyte differentiation,with VE,VK1,GAA,Leu,LA,and HAc additionally elevating lipid accumulation(P<0.05).Conclusions Various nutrients play distinct regulatory roles in angiogenesis,adipocyte differentiation,and lipid accumulation.These findings provide a roadmap for further optimizing the production of marbled meat through nutritional intervention in actual livestock breeding production.展开更多
Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps...Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps it fresh,a cooker hood that remains clean even after 10 years without disassembling it for cleaning.展开更多
Two surveys of opinions about wildlife conservation were carried out in Hunan Province,China,before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)epidemic.Hunan is the northern neighbor of Guangdong Province,wh...Two surveys of opinions about wildlife conservation were carried out in Hunan Province,China,before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)epidemic.Hunan is the northern neighbor of Guangdong Province,where the first SARS case was reported.The custom of consuming wild meat was not common in Hunan 30 years ago.However,in recent years,consumption of wildlife such as snakes has spread to northern China.We handed out 1300 questionnaires between 22 February and 10 May 2002,before the SARS epidemic.Survey sites included the provin-cial capital,major cities,towns,and villages in Hunan.Another 1300 questionnaires were distributed between 10 March and 10 May 2004,after the SARS epidemic.The 2004 survey covered the same sites as the 2002 survey.Questionnaire recovery rates for the 2002 and 2004 surveys were 81.2%and 84.6%,respectively.The valid return rate was 73.0%.Frog,snake,hare,and pheasant were the wild meats most frequently eaten by local people.At the time of the first survey,more than 80%of interviewees claimed to have eaten frogs.That number had reduced to 60%by the time of the second survey.Monkey,Chinese pangolin,and bear paw were the wild meats least frequently eaten.Although palm civet was suspected to be the carrier of SARS,it was interesting to note that,after the SARS epidemic,the proportion of people surveyed who ate palm civets had declined only slightly.The results of the surveys indicate a low level of conservation consciousness;however,after the SARS and bird flu epidemics,there were obvious changes in the conservation consciousness of people in Hunan Province.We recommend some measures that could be taken to change the habits of people who consume wildlife.展开更多
Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi...Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.展开更多
The principle of genomic selection(GS) entails estimating breeding values(BVs) by summing all the SNP polygenic effects. The visible/near-infrared spectroscopy(VIS/NIRS) wavelength and abundance values can directly re...The principle of genomic selection(GS) entails estimating breeding values(BVs) by summing all the SNP polygenic effects. The visible/near-infrared spectroscopy(VIS/NIRS) wavelength and abundance values can directly reflect the concentrations of chemical substances, and the measurement of meat traits by VIS/NIRS is similar to the processing of genomic selection data by summing all ‘polygenic effects' associated with spectral feature peaks. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the incorporation of VIS/NIRS information into GS models to establish an efficient and low-cost breeding model. In this study, we measured 6 meat quality traits in 359Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and genotyped them with high-density SNP chips. According to the completeness of the information for the target population, we proposed 4breeding strategies applied to different scenarios: Ⅰ, only spectral and genotypic data exist for the target population;Ⅱ, only spectral data exist for the target population;Ⅲ, only spectral and genotypic data but with different prediction processes exist for the target population;and Ⅳ, only spectral and phenotypic data exist for the target population.The 4 scenarios were used to evaluate the genomic estimated breeding value(GEBV) accuracy by increasing the VIS/NIR spectral information. In the results of the 5-fold cross-validation, the genetic algorithm showed remarkable potential for preselection of feature wavelengths. The breeding efficiency of Strategies Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ was superior to that of traditional GS for most traits, and the GEBV prediction accuracy was improved by 32.2, 40.8 and 15.5%, respectively on average. Among them, the prediction accuracy of Strategy Ⅱ for fat(%) even improved by 50.7% compared to traditional GS. The GEBV prediction accuracy of Strategy Ⅰ was nearly identical to that of traditional GS, and the fluctuation range was less than 7%. Moreover, the breeding cost of the 4 strategies was lower than that of traditional GS methods, with Strategy Ⅳ being the lowest as it did not require genotyping.Our findings demonstrate that GS methods based on VIS/NIRS data have significant predictive potential and are worthy of further research to provide a valuable reference for the development of effective and affordable breeding strategies.展开更多
In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology bas...In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology based on the principle of high-throughput sequencing,and established a multi-locus 10 animalderived components identification method of cattle,goat,sheep,donkey,horse,chicken,duck,goose,pigeon,quail in meat and meat products.The specific loci of each species could be detected and the species could be accurately identified,including 5 loci for cattle and duck,3 loci for sheep,9 loci for chicken and horse,10 loci for goose and pigeon,6 loci for quail and 1 locus for donkey and goat,and an adulteration model was established to simulate commercially available samples.The results showed that the method established in this study had high throughput,good repeatability and accuracy,and was able to identify 10 animalderived components simultaneously with 100%repeatability accuracy.The detection limit was 0.1%(m/m)in simulated samples of chicken,duck and horse.Using the method established in this study to test commercially available samples,4 samples from 14 commercially available samples were detected to be inconsistent with the labels,of which 2 did not contain the target ingredient and 2 were adulterated with small amounts of other ingredients.展开更多
Background Intramuscular fat is an important factor in evaluating pork quality and varies widely among different pig breeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs(circRNAs)in lipid metabolism remains largel...Background Intramuscular fat is an important factor in evaluating pork quality and varies widely among different pig breeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs(circRNAs)in lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored.Results We combined circRNA-seq and Ribo-seq data to screen a total of 18 circRNA candidates with coding potential,and circANKRD17 was found to be significantly elevated in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Lantang piglets,with a length of 1,844 nucleotides.Using single-cell sequencing,we identified 477 differentially expressed genes in IMF cells between Lantang and Landrace piglets,with enrichment in the PPAR signaling pathway.These genes included FABP4,FABP5,CPT1A,and UBC,consistent with the high levels of acylcarnitines observed in the longissimus dorsi muscles of the Lantang breed,as determined by lipidomic analysis.Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that circANKRD17 can regulate lipid metabolism through various mechanisms involving the PPAR pathway,including promoting adipocyte differentiation,fatty acid transport and metabolism,triglyceride synthesis,and lipid droplet formation and maturation.In addition,we discovered that circANKRD17 has an open reading frame and can be translated into a novel 571-amino-acid protein that promotes lipid metabolism.Conclusions Our research provides new insights into the role of protein-coding circANKRD17,especially concerning the metabolic characteristics of pig breeds with higher intramuscular fat content.展开更多
Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat th...Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat through optimization of the cell source and organization process.Results We engineered fibroblasts into myogenic cells via non-viral introduction of the MYOD1 gene,avoiding viral methods for safety.After confirming the stable derivation of myogenic cells,we combined knockout(KO)of MSTN,a negative regulator of myogenesis,with MYOD1-mediated myogenesis to improve cultivated meat production.Primary cells from MSTN KO cattle exhibited enhanced myogenic potential.Additionally,when tested in immortalized fibroblasts,myostatin treatment reduced MYOD1-induced myogenesis in two-dimensional cultures,while MSTN knockout increased it.To achieve muscle-like cell alignment,we employed digital light processing(DLP)-based three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting to organize cells into 3D groove-shaped hydrogels.These bioactive hydrogels supported stable cell proliferation and significantly improved muscle cell alignment.Upon differentiation into myotubes,the cells demonstrated an ordered alignment,particularly the MSTN KO cells,which showed highly efficient differentiation.Conclusions The integration of genetic modification and advanced DLP 3D bioprinting with groove-patterned hydrogels provides an effective strategy for producing high-quality,muscle-aligned cultivated meat.展开更多
In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were inve...In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were investigated.The results showed that the three materials had satisfactory compatibility in the composite film.Addition of EC and zein effectively improved the mechanical properties,thermodynamic properties,surface hydrophilicity,oxygen permeability,and degradation properties of PLA films.When the ratio of PLA to EC was 3:7,the tensile strength and elongation at break reached maximum values of 16.6 MPa and 30.5%,respectively.Moreover,under different conditions,the composite film exhibited better degradability than the PLA film.The composite film with a 3:7 ratio of PLA to EC had the best performance,with a degradation rate of 21.75%after 84 days.Chilled fresh meat wrapped with the composite film showed significantly improved antioxidant,antibacterial,and water-holding properties.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mat...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mat...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral...The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.展开更多
If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and ni...If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and night.展开更多
He Haiyan,a courier for YTO Express,one of China’s leading logistics and express delivery companies,picked up a package of fresh yak meat from a specialty store in Lhasa,the Xizang Autonomous Region,on March 7.After ...He Haiyan,a courier for YTO Express,one of China’s leading logistics and express delivery companies,picked up a package of fresh yak meat from a specialty store in Lhasa,the Xizang Autonomous Region,on March 7.After air transport,the meat would reach its destination 2,000 km away in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,within 48 hours.展开更多
文摘Background: Animal studies have demonstrated that iron may be related to carcinogenesis, and human studies found that heme iron can increase the formation of Nnitroso compounds, which are known carcinogens. Objectives: One of the postulated mechanisms linking red meat intake to cancer risk involves iron. Epidemiologic studies attempt to investigate the association between heme iron intake and cancer by applying a standard factor to total iron from meat. However, laboratory studies suggest that heme iron levels in meat vary according to cooking method and doneness level. We measured heme iron in meats cooked by different cooking methods to a range of doneness levels to use in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire to estimate heme iron intake. Methods: Composite meat samples were made to represent each meat type, cooking method and doneness level. Heme iron was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Results: Steak and hamburgers contained the highest levels of heme iron, pork and chicken thigh meat had slightly lower levels, and chicken breast meat had the lowest. Conclusions: Although heme iron levels varied, there was no clear effect of cooking method or doneness level. We outline the methods used to create a heme iron database to be used in conjunction with food frequency questionnaires to estimate heme iron intake in relation to disease outcome.
文摘Heavy metals like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in trace levels are vital for human health as they support a number of physiological processes. In contrast, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) provide no health benefits and can cause significant health problems when accumulated in the body. The main sources of heavy metal contamination in humans include the consumption of unhygienic and contaminated food products. In Uganda, roasted pork and goat meats are highly consumed among the population. Therefore, this research aims to determine the levels of Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Fe and the associated human health risks in roasted pork and goat meat samples collected from Ishaka-Bushenyi Municipality, Uganda. Results showed that the mean levels of heavy metals (mg/kg) in roasted pork were in the order of Fe (4.706) > Pb (2.220) > Cu (1.927) > Cd (0.766) > Mn (0.391), while in roasted goat meat, the order was Pb (8.152) > Fe (5.152) > Cu (1.834) > Cd (0.794) > Mn (0.388). Lead (Pb) was observed to have the highest concentration which is likely to pose a risk to both children and adults, while manganese had the lowest concentration. The estimation of human health risks revealed that the essential metals had target hazard quotient (THQ) values below threshold in all samples while the non-essential elements had THQ values above 1. The hazard index (HI) obtained for each sample was greater than 1 indicating non-carcinogenic health risks to consumers (HI > 1). In 88% of cases, cancer risks (CR) values were within 10−4 and acceptable. Additionally, children are more vulnerable to non-cancer risks than the adults due to lower body weight. This research highlights the need of regularly monitoring of locations where vendors sell processed meats, as well as implementing laws to mitigate the health hazards associated with consuming polluted roasted meats.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program-Key Projects(2021YFD1200900,2023YFD1301302)the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272892,32472886)+2 种基金the Bayannaoer Research Institute Young Scientist Project(2024BYNECAU003)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2025TC101)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Background The deposition of intramuscular fat(IMF)in livestock can enhance the flavor and tenderness of meat products,significantly increasing consumer satisfaction.To achieve this industrial trait,this study investigated the regulatory effects of 20 dietary nutrients on sheep IMF deposition using a 3D organoid culture model.Results Key nutrients enhancing angiogenesis,adipocyte differentiation,and lipid accumulation were identified through assessments of capillary sprouts development,mRNA expression,and Oil Red O staining.Vitamins C(VC),E(VE),and K1(VK1),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),leucine(Leu),lysine(Lys),methionine(Met),N-carbamylglutamate(NCG),tryptophan(Trp),α-linolenic acid(ALA),linoleic acid(LA),cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid(c9,t11-CLA),acetic acid(HAc),and sodium acetate(NaAc)stimulated while vitamins B9(VB9),D(VD),K2(VK2),taurine(Tau),and sodium butyrate(NaBu)inhibited angiogenesis(P<0.05).Furthermore,VC,VE,VK1,VK2,GAA,Leu,NCG,Trp,ALA,LA,and HAc enhanced adipocyte differentiation,with VE,VK1,GAA,Leu,LA,and HAc additionally elevating lipid accumulation(P<0.05).Conclusions Various nutrients play distinct regulatory roles in angiogenesis,adipocyte differentiation,and lipid accumulation.These findings provide a roadmap for further optimizing the production of marbled meat through nutritional intervention in actual livestock breeding production.
文摘Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps it fresh,a cooker hood that remains clean even after 10 years without disassembling it for cleaning.
基金Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.CXTDS2005-4)the Chinese Natural Scientific Foundation(no.30270206)for supporting this study financially.
文摘Two surveys of opinions about wildlife conservation were carried out in Hunan Province,China,before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)epidemic.Hunan is the northern neighbor of Guangdong Province,where the first SARS case was reported.The custom of consuming wild meat was not common in Hunan 30 years ago.However,in recent years,consumption of wildlife such as snakes has spread to northern China.We handed out 1300 questionnaires between 22 February and 10 May 2002,before the SARS epidemic.Survey sites included the provin-cial capital,major cities,towns,and villages in Hunan.Another 1300 questionnaires were distributed between 10 March and 10 May 2004,after the SARS epidemic.The 2004 survey covered the same sites as the 2002 survey.Questionnaire recovery rates for the 2002 and 2004 surveys were 81.2%and 84.6%,respectively.The valid return rate was 73.0%.Frog,snake,hare,and pheasant were the wild meats most frequently eaten by local people.At the time of the first survey,more than 80%of interviewees claimed to have eaten frogs.That number had reduced to 60%by the time of the second survey.Monkey,Chinese pangolin,and bear paw were the wild meats least frequently eaten.Although palm civet was suspected to be the carrier of SARS,it was interesting to note that,after the SARS epidemic,the proportion of people surveyed who ate palm civets had declined only slightly.The results of the surveys indicate a low level of conservation consciousness;however,after the SARS and bird flu epidemics,there were obvious changes in the conservation consciousness of people in Hunan Province.We recommend some measures that could be taken to change the habits of people who consume wildlife.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3400700)the City-School Cooperation Project of the Fuyang Science and Technology Special Fund undertaken by Fuyang Normal University(SXHZ2020007)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen Municipal Government(JCYJ20200109114242138)the Special Commissioner for Rural Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(KTP20210345).
文摘Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160782 and 32060737).
文摘The principle of genomic selection(GS) entails estimating breeding values(BVs) by summing all the SNP polygenic effects. The visible/near-infrared spectroscopy(VIS/NIRS) wavelength and abundance values can directly reflect the concentrations of chemical substances, and the measurement of meat traits by VIS/NIRS is similar to the processing of genomic selection data by summing all ‘polygenic effects' associated with spectral feature peaks. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the incorporation of VIS/NIRS information into GS models to establish an efficient and low-cost breeding model. In this study, we measured 6 meat quality traits in 359Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, and genotyped them with high-density SNP chips. According to the completeness of the information for the target population, we proposed 4breeding strategies applied to different scenarios: Ⅰ, only spectral and genotypic data exist for the target population;Ⅱ, only spectral data exist for the target population;Ⅲ, only spectral and genotypic data but with different prediction processes exist for the target population;and Ⅳ, only spectral and phenotypic data exist for the target population.The 4 scenarios were used to evaluate the genomic estimated breeding value(GEBV) accuracy by increasing the VIS/NIR spectral information. In the results of the 5-fold cross-validation, the genetic algorithm showed remarkable potential for preselection of feature wavelengths. The breeding efficiency of Strategies Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ was superior to that of traditional GS for most traits, and the GEBV prediction accuracy was improved by 32.2, 40.8 and 15.5%, respectively on average. Among them, the prediction accuracy of Strategy Ⅱ for fat(%) even improved by 50.7% compared to traditional GS. The GEBV prediction accuracy of Strategy Ⅰ was nearly identical to that of traditional GS, and the fluctuation range was less than 7%. Moreover, the breeding cost of the 4 strategies was lower than that of traditional GS methods, with Strategy Ⅳ being the lowest as it did not require genotyping.Our findings demonstrate that GS methods based on VIS/NIRS data have significant predictive potential and are worthy of further research to provide a valuable reference for the development of effective and affordable breeding strategies.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program(2021YFF0701905)。
文摘In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology based on the principle of high-throughput sequencing,and established a multi-locus 10 animalderived components identification method of cattle,goat,sheep,donkey,horse,chicken,duck,goose,pigeon,quail in meat and meat products.The specific loci of each species could be detected and the species could be accurately identified,including 5 loci for cattle and duck,3 loci for sheep,9 loci for chicken and horse,10 loci for goose and pigeon,6 loci for quail and 1 locus for donkey and goat,and an adulteration model was established to simulate commercially available samples.The results showed that the method established in this study had high throughput,good repeatability and accuracy,and was able to identify 10 animalderived components simultaneously with 100%repeatability accuracy.The detection limit was 0.1%(m/m)in simulated samples of chicken,duck and horse.Using the method established in this study to test commercially available samples,4 samples from 14 commercially available samples were detected to be inconsistent with the labels,of which 2 did not contain the target ingredient and 2 were adulterated with small amounts of other ingredients.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology[grant numbers 2023ZD04044]the Natural Science Foundation of China Program[grant numbers 32072714].
文摘Background Intramuscular fat is an important factor in evaluating pork quality and varies widely among different pig breeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs(circRNAs)in lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored.Results We combined circRNA-seq and Ribo-seq data to screen a total of 18 circRNA candidates with coding potential,and circANKRD17 was found to be significantly elevated in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Lantang piglets,with a length of 1,844 nucleotides.Using single-cell sequencing,we identified 477 differentially expressed genes in IMF cells between Lantang and Landrace piglets,with enrichment in the PPAR signaling pathway.These genes included FABP4,FABP5,CPT1A,and UBC,consistent with the high levels of acylcarnitines observed in the longissimus dorsi muscles of the Lantang breed,as determined by lipidomic analysis.Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that circANKRD17 can regulate lipid metabolism through various mechanisms involving the PPAR pathway,including promoting adipocyte differentiation,fatty acid transport and metabolism,triglyceride synthesis,and lipid droplet formation and maturation.In addition,we discovered that circANKRD17 has an open reading frame and can be translated into a novel 571-amino-acid protein that promotes lipid metabolism.Conclusions Our research provides new insights into the role of protein-coding circANKRD17,especially concerning the metabolic characteristics of pig breeds with higher intramuscular fat content.
基金financially supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture and Forestry(IPET-RS-2024–00402320)by the Meterials/Parts Technology Development Pro-gram(1415187291,Development of composite formulation with a sustained release(gene)for the treatment of companion animal sarcopenia)funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat through optimization of the cell source and organization process.Results We engineered fibroblasts into myogenic cells via non-viral introduction of the MYOD1 gene,avoiding viral methods for safety.After confirming the stable derivation of myogenic cells,we combined knockout(KO)of MSTN,a negative regulator of myogenesis,with MYOD1-mediated myogenesis to improve cultivated meat production.Primary cells from MSTN KO cattle exhibited enhanced myogenic potential.Additionally,when tested in immortalized fibroblasts,myostatin treatment reduced MYOD1-induced myogenesis in two-dimensional cultures,while MSTN knockout increased it.To achieve muscle-like cell alignment,we employed digital light processing(DLP)-based three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting to organize cells into 3D groove-shaped hydrogels.These bioactive hydrogels supported stable cell proliferation and significantly improved muscle cell alignment.Upon differentiation into myotubes,the cells demonstrated an ordered alignment,particularly the MSTN KO cells,which showed highly efficient differentiation.Conclusions The integration of genetic modification and advanced DLP 3D bioprinting with groove-patterned hydrogels provides an effective strategy for producing high-quality,muscle-aligned cultivated meat.
文摘In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were investigated.The results showed that the three materials had satisfactory compatibility in the composite film.Addition of EC and zein effectively improved the mechanical properties,thermodynamic properties,surface hydrophilicity,oxygen permeability,and degradation properties of PLA films.When the ratio of PLA to EC was 3:7,the tensile strength and elongation at break reached maximum values of 16.6 MPa and 30.5%,respectively.Moreover,under different conditions,the composite film exhibited better degradability than the PLA film.The composite film with a 3:7 ratio of PLA to EC had the best performance,with a degradation rate of 21.75%after 84 days.Chilled fresh meat wrapped with the composite film showed significantly improved antioxidant,antibacterial,and water-holding properties.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
基金funded by the Sub-Project of the 14th Five-Year National Key Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1301705)the High-end Foreign Expert Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G2023014066L)the State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding of China(2021ZD07).
文摘The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.
文摘If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and night.
文摘He Haiyan,a courier for YTO Express,one of China’s leading logistics and express delivery companies,picked up a package of fresh yak meat from a specialty store in Lhasa,the Xizang Autonomous Region,on March 7.After air transport,the meat would reach its destination 2,000 km away in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,within 48 hours.
