The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a pati...The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.展开更多
In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence ...In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.展开更多
Coal measures are significant hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoirs in petroliferous basins.Many large gas fields and coalbed methane fields globally are originated from coal-measure source rocks or accumulated in c...Coal measures are significant hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoirs in petroliferous basins.Many large gas fields and coalbed methane fields globally are originated from coal-measure source rocks or accumulated in coal rocks.Inspired by the discovery of shale oil and gas,and guided by“the overall exploration concept of considering coal rock as reservoir”,breakthroughs in the exploration and development of coal-rock gas have been achieved in deep coal seams with favorable preservation conditions,thereby opening up a new development frontier for the unconventional gas in coal-rock reservoirs.Based on the data from exploration and development practices,a systematic study on the accumulation mechanism of coal-rock gas has been conducted.The mechanisms of“three fields”controlling coal-rock gas accumulation are revealed.It is confirmed that the coal-rock gas is different from CBM in accumulation process.The whole petroleum systems in the Carboniferous–Permian transitional facies coal measures of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin and in the Jurassic continental facies coal measures of the Junggar Basin are characterized,and the key research directions for further developing the whole petroleum system theory of coal measures are proposed.Coal rocks,compared to shale,possess intense hydrocarbon generation potential,strong adsorption capacity,dual-medium reservoir properties,and partial or weak oil and gas self-sealing capacity.Additionally,unlike other unconventional gas such as shale gas and tight gas,coal-rock gas exhibits more complex accumulation characteristics,and its accumulation requires a certain coal-rock play form lithological and structural traps.Coal-rock gas also has the characteristics of conventional fractured gas reservoirs.Compared with the basic theory and model of the whole petroleum system established based on detrital rock formations,coal measures have distinct characteristics and differences in coal-rock reservoirs and source-reservoir coupling.The whole petroleum system of coal measures is composed of various types of coal-measure hydrocarbon plays with coal(and dark shale)in coal measures as source rock and reservoir,and with adjacent tight layers as reservoirs or cap or transport layers.Under the action of source-reservoir coupling,coal-rock gas is accumulated in coal-rock reservoirs with good preservation conditions,tight oil/gas is accumulated in tight layers,conventional oil/gas is accumulated in traps far away from sources,and coalbed methane is accumulated in coal-rock reservoirs damaged by later geological processes.The proposed whole petroleum system of coal measures represents a novel type of whole petroleum system.展开更多
Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pP...Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.展开更多
In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be ...In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.展开更多
The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integra...The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.展开更多
Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senes...Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.展开更多
There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measu...There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measures and the reservoir-forming evolution of natural gas in coal,this study reveals the formation,enrichment characteristics and distribution laws of coal-rock gas by systematically reviewing the main types and geological characteristics of natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures.First,natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures is divided into two types,conventional gas and unconventional gas,according to its occurrence characteristics and accumulation mechanism,and into six types,distal detrital rock gas,special rock gas,distal/proximal tight sandstone gas,inner-source tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coal-rock gas,according to its source and reservoir lithology.The natural gas present in coal-rock reservoirs is collectively referred to as coal-rock gas.Existing data indicate significant differences in the geological characteristics of coal-rock gas exploration and development between shallow and deep layers in the same area,with the transition depth boundary generally 1500-2000 m.Based on the current understanding of coal-rock gas and respecting the historical usage conventions of coalbed methane terminology,coal-rock gas can be divided into deep coal-rock gas and shallow coalbed methane according to burial depth.Second,according to the research concept of“full-process reservoir formation”in the theory of the whole petroleum system of coal measures,based on the formation and evolution of typical coal-rock gas reservoirs,coal-rock gas is further divided into four types:primary coal-rock gas,regenerated coal-rock gas,residual coal-rock gas,and bio coal-rock gas.The first two belong to deep coal-rock gas,while the latter two belong to shallow coal-rock gas.Third,research on the coal-rock gas reservoir formation and evolution shows that shallow coal-rock gas is mainly residual coal-rock gas or bio coal-rock gas formed after geological transformation of primary coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as low reservoir pressure,low gas saturation,adsorbed gas in dominance,and gas production by drainage and depressurization,while deep coal-rock gas is mainly primary coal-rock gas and regenerated coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as high reservoir pressure,high gas saturation,abundant free gas,and no or little water.In particular,the primary coal-rock gas is wide in distribution,large in resource quantity,and good in reservoir quality,making it the most favorable type of coal-rock gas for exploration and development.展开更多
In recent years,the operational landscape of companies within the digital economy has experienced significant transformations.Embracing cutting-edge ideologies and digital innovations has not only created diverse aven...In recent years,the operational landscape of companies within the digital economy has experienced significant transformations.Embracing cutting-edge ideologies and digital innovations has not only created diverse avenues for growth but also led to substantial progress in certain areas while phasing out and optimizing several business models.Against this backdrop,employing effective and rational strategies to enhance corporate management standards is crucial.This is particularly important given the imperfections in current management systems,the shortage of specialized talent,and the need for digital capability improvements,all of which are vital for ensuring the long-term stability and success of enterprises.With this in mind,this paper explores corporate administration models and proposes several practical solutions to address challenges faced in business management under the digital economy,aiming to serve as a valuable resource for professionals and decision-makers alike.展开更多
New renewable energy exploitation technologies in offshore structures are vital for future energy production systems.Offshore hybrid wind-wave power generation(HWWPG)systems face increased component failure rates beca...New renewable energy exploitation technologies in offshore structures are vital for future energy production systems.Offshore hybrid wind-wave power generation(HWWPG)systems face increased component failure rates because of harsh weather,significantly affecting the maintenance procedures and reliability.Different types of failure rates of the wind turbine(WT)and wave energy converter(WEC),e.g.,the degradation and failure rates during regular wind speed fluctuation,the degradation and failure rates during intense wind speed fluctuation are considered.By incorporating both WT and WEC,the HWWPG system is designed to enhance the overall amount of electrical energy produced by the system over a given period under varying weather conditions.The universal generating function technique is used to calculate the HWWPG system dependability measures in a structured and efficient manner.This research highlights that intense weather conditions increase the failure rates of both WT and WEC,resulting in higher maintenance costs and more frequent downtimes,thus impacting the HWWPG system’s reliability.Although the HWWPG system can meet the energy demands in the presence of high failure rates,the reliance of the hybrid system on both WT and WEC helps maintain a relatively stable demand satisfaction during periods of high energy demand despite adverse weather conditions.To confirm the added value and applicability of the developed model,a case study of an offshore hybrid platform is conducted.The findings underscore the system’s robustness in maintaining energy production under varied weather conditions,though higher failure rates and maintenance costs arise in intense scenarios.展开更多
Objective:This study adopts empirical research methods to analyze the impact of intervention measures such as psychological counseling,team building,and stress management training on the mental health of psychiatric m...Objective:This study adopts empirical research methods to analyze the impact of intervention measures such as psychological counseling,team building,and stress management training on the mental health of psychiatric medical staff.Methods:This study selected 211 medical staff(including doctors,nurses,and psychotherapists)from the psychiatric department of a tertiary hospital as research subjects.They were divided into an experimental group(receiving psychological support measures)and a control group(not receiving psychological support measures)according to whether they received psychological support measures.Among them,the experimental group was divided into a total of 106 patients,while the control group was divided into a total of 105 patients.After the implementation of psychological support measures,the work efficiency of both groups of patients was evaluated from three aspects:psychological health level,occupational burnout level,and job satisfaction.Results:After intervention with psychological support measures,the experimental group patients showed significantly higher levels of mental health,occupational burnout,and job satisfaction than the control group,and the above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For psychiatric medical staff,the regular implementation of psychological support measures can significantly improve their mental health level,and on the basis of psychological support,the professional enthusiasm and job satisfaction of medical staff have been significantly improved.展开更多
Coronary intervention is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease,which can improve the myocardial blood supply function of patients to a great extent.The nursing and rehabilitation after corona...Coronary intervention is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease,which can improve the myocardial blood supply function of patients to a great extent.The nursing and rehabilitation after coronary intervention are very important for patients.In view of this,this article analyzed the rehabilitation and nursing of patients after coronary intervention,and put forward some strategies,only for the reference of colleagues.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand...Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative ...BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative infection rate,improving post-operative biochemical markers,and enhancing postoperative recovery outcomes.AIM To explore the effectiveness of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures in controlling postoperative infection following gastrointestinal surgery.It also sought to compare infection rates and biochemical markers between the obser-vation and control groups and evaluate the impact of disinfection and isolation measures on reducing postoperative complications.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted.Ninety-six patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,with 48 cases in each.The observation group received disinfection and isolation measures during the perioperative period,whereas the control group received standard nursing care.The incidence of infection,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein levels,hemoglobin levels,and liver function markers(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen)were monitored postoperatively in both groups.RESULTS The postoperative infection rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).White blood cell and C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly after surgery in the observation group and were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group on postoperative days 1 and 3,showing a significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Perioperative disinfection and isolation measures effectively reduce postoperative infection rates in gastrointestinal surgery patients and improve biochemical markers,thereby enhancing recovery outcomes.This study provides a valuable basis for postoperative infection control and has significant clinical applications.展开更多
To analyze the correlation between the input energy parameters(V_(E))and typical intensity measures(IMs)of offshore ground motions,based on 273 earthquake events recorded by the K-NET in Japan,892 offshore ground moti...To analyze the correlation between the input energy parameters(V_(E))and typical intensity measures(IMs)of offshore ground motions,based on 273 earthquake events recorded by the K-NET in Japan,892 offshore ground motion records with moment magnitudes from 4.0 to 7.0 were used in this study.Residuals obtained through a ground motion model were calculated and analyzed for the correlation between V_(E) and amplitude,duration,frequency content and cumulative IMs.The results indicate that PGV and PGD have strong correlation with the V_(E)(T>0.2 s and T>0.4 s),the duration IMs have weakly negative correlation with the V_(E),Sd_(1) has a strong correlation with the V_(E) in the periods of T>0.4 s,T_(g) has a weak correlation with V_(E) and the cumulative IMs have strong correlation with the V_(E).The parametric predictive equations between typical IMs and V_(E) was proposed,and the differences between the prediction equations from the onshore ground motion records were compared.The differences in parametric predicted equations between offshore and onshore ground motions were confirmed in this study.Proposed correlation equations can be applied to offshore probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the selection of ground motion records by generalized conditional intensity measures.展开更多
Uneven terrain significantly increases the seismic risk of tunnels in loess deposits.To investigate the variations in optimal intensity measures(IMs)for shallowly buried loess tunnels considering biased terrain,nonlin...Uneven terrain significantly increases the seismic risk of tunnels in loess deposits.To investigate the variations in optimal intensity measures(IMs)for shallowly buried loess tunnels considering biased terrain,nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to obtain seismic responses validated by the actual damage pattern.Then IMs were evaluated based on the automatic calculation of the time history damage index fulfilled by a compiled Python program.Results showed that the plastic strain zone progressively developed and extended from the vault to the central slope surface with increasing seismic intensities,ultimately causing shear failure to the tunnel.For IMs at the slope top,peak ground velocity(PGV)(ζ=0.15),velocity spectrum intensity(VSI)(ζ=0.20),and peak spectrum velocity(PSv)(ζ=0.22)were all suitable for seismic fragility assessment.The VSI(ζ=0.17)was optimal,followed by PGV(ζ=0.19)and PSv(ζ=0.2)for those at the slope foot.Acceleration-related IMs were more sensitive to terrain variation.Comparative analyses demonstrated smaller damage probabilities for the IMs at the slope top than those at the slope foot under the same intensity level.The impact of unfavorable terrain on tunnels was accentuated as those located in uneven mountainous regions became more vulnerable to ground shaking.展开更多
The“notice-necessary measures”rule began with the“notice-and-takedown”rule,which originated from the United States safe harbors rule,established to limit the liability of Internet Service Providers(ISPs)for helpin...The“notice-necessary measures”rule began with the“notice-and-takedown”rule,which originated from the United States safe harbors rule,established to limit the liability of Internet Service Providers(ISPs)for helping infringement in network infringement.China’s Tort Liability Law and Civil Code amended the“notice-and-takedown”rule so that when the right holder sends an effective notice of infringement to the ISP,the ISP shall take necessary measures more than removal to be exempted from liability.This article will discuss the transformation of the rule and types of necessary measures,and reconstruct the relationship between effectiveness of notice and types of necessary measures.展开更多
Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long...Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long term,a well-structured investment allocation fuels industrial innovation and upgrading,laying a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.展开更多
To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical S...To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical Standards to implement relevant deployments and mechanism cons truc tion, based on the current situation of railway standards system and standards management.展开更多
With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are ...With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.展开更多
文摘The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.
文摘In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Basic Project(2024DJ23)CNPC Science Research and Technology Development Project(2021DJ0101)。
文摘Coal measures are significant hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoirs in petroliferous basins.Many large gas fields and coalbed methane fields globally are originated from coal-measure source rocks or accumulated in coal rocks.Inspired by the discovery of shale oil and gas,and guided by“the overall exploration concept of considering coal rock as reservoir”,breakthroughs in the exploration and development of coal-rock gas have been achieved in deep coal seams with favorable preservation conditions,thereby opening up a new development frontier for the unconventional gas in coal-rock reservoirs.Based on the data from exploration and development practices,a systematic study on the accumulation mechanism of coal-rock gas has been conducted.The mechanisms of“three fields”controlling coal-rock gas accumulation are revealed.It is confirmed that the coal-rock gas is different from CBM in accumulation process.The whole petroleum systems in the Carboniferous–Permian transitional facies coal measures of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin and in the Jurassic continental facies coal measures of the Junggar Basin are characterized,and the key research directions for further developing the whole petroleum system theory of coal measures are proposed.Coal rocks,compared to shale,possess intense hydrocarbon generation potential,strong adsorption capacity,dual-medium reservoir properties,and partial or weak oil and gas self-sealing capacity.Additionally,unlike other unconventional gas such as shale gas and tight gas,coal-rock gas exhibits more complex accumulation characteristics,and its accumulation requires a certain coal-rock play form lithological and structural traps.Coal-rock gas also has the characteristics of conventional fractured gas reservoirs.Compared with the basic theory and model of the whole petroleum system established based on detrital rock formations,coal measures have distinct characteristics and differences in coal-rock reservoirs and source-reservoir coupling.The whole petroleum system of coal measures is composed of various types of coal-measure hydrocarbon plays with coal(and dark shale)in coal measures as source rock and reservoir,and with adjacent tight layers as reservoirs or cap or transport layers.Under the action of source-reservoir coupling,coal-rock gas is accumulated in coal-rock reservoirs with good preservation conditions,tight oil/gas is accumulated in tight layers,conventional oil/gas is accumulated in traps far away from sources,and coalbed methane is accumulated in coal-rock reservoirs damaged by later geological processes.The proposed whole petroleum system of coal measures represents a novel type of whole petroleum system.
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.
文摘In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.
文摘The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300221)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15–15)+1 种基金Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2024D03)Dong Hezhong Studio for Popularization of Science and Technology in Salt Tolerant Industrial Crops(202228297).
文摘Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for New Oil and Gas Exploration and Development(2025ZD1404200)Forward-looking and Fundamental Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2024DJ23)Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development(2024vzz).
文摘There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measures and the reservoir-forming evolution of natural gas in coal,this study reveals the formation,enrichment characteristics and distribution laws of coal-rock gas by systematically reviewing the main types and geological characteristics of natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures.First,natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures is divided into two types,conventional gas and unconventional gas,according to its occurrence characteristics and accumulation mechanism,and into six types,distal detrital rock gas,special rock gas,distal/proximal tight sandstone gas,inner-source tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coal-rock gas,according to its source and reservoir lithology.The natural gas present in coal-rock reservoirs is collectively referred to as coal-rock gas.Existing data indicate significant differences in the geological characteristics of coal-rock gas exploration and development between shallow and deep layers in the same area,with the transition depth boundary generally 1500-2000 m.Based on the current understanding of coal-rock gas and respecting the historical usage conventions of coalbed methane terminology,coal-rock gas can be divided into deep coal-rock gas and shallow coalbed methane according to burial depth.Second,according to the research concept of“full-process reservoir formation”in the theory of the whole petroleum system of coal measures,based on the formation and evolution of typical coal-rock gas reservoirs,coal-rock gas is further divided into four types:primary coal-rock gas,regenerated coal-rock gas,residual coal-rock gas,and bio coal-rock gas.The first two belong to deep coal-rock gas,while the latter two belong to shallow coal-rock gas.Third,research on the coal-rock gas reservoir formation and evolution shows that shallow coal-rock gas is mainly residual coal-rock gas or bio coal-rock gas formed after geological transformation of primary coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as low reservoir pressure,low gas saturation,adsorbed gas in dominance,and gas production by drainage and depressurization,while deep coal-rock gas is mainly primary coal-rock gas and regenerated coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as high reservoir pressure,high gas saturation,abundant free gas,and no or little water.In particular,the primary coal-rock gas is wide in distribution,large in resource quantity,and good in reservoir quality,making it the most favorable type of coal-rock gas for exploration and development.
文摘In recent years,the operational landscape of companies within the digital economy has experienced significant transformations.Embracing cutting-edge ideologies and digital innovations has not only created diverse avenues for growth but also led to substantial progress in certain areas while phasing out and optimizing several business models.Against this backdrop,employing effective and rational strategies to enhance corporate management standards is crucial.This is particularly important given the imperfections in current management systems,the shortage of specialized talent,and the need for digital capability improvements,all of which are vital for ensuring the long-term stability and success of enterprises.With this in mind,this paper explores corporate administration models and proposes several practical solutions to address challenges faced in business management under the digital economy,aiming to serve as a valuable resource for professionals and decision-makers alike.
文摘New renewable energy exploitation technologies in offshore structures are vital for future energy production systems.Offshore hybrid wind-wave power generation(HWWPG)systems face increased component failure rates because of harsh weather,significantly affecting the maintenance procedures and reliability.Different types of failure rates of the wind turbine(WT)and wave energy converter(WEC),e.g.,the degradation and failure rates during regular wind speed fluctuation,the degradation and failure rates during intense wind speed fluctuation are considered.By incorporating both WT and WEC,the HWWPG system is designed to enhance the overall amount of electrical energy produced by the system over a given period under varying weather conditions.The universal generating function technique is used to calculate the HWWPG system dependability measures in a structured and efficient manner.This research highlights that intense weather conditions increase the failure rates of both WT and WEC,resulting in higher maintenance costs and more frequent downtimes,thus impacting the HWWPG system’s reliability.Although the HWWPG system can meet the energy demands in the presence of high failure rates,the reliance of the hybrid system on both WT and WEC helps maintain a relatively stable demand satisfaction during periods of high energy demand despite adverse weather conditions.To confirm the added value and applicability of the developed model,a case study of an offshore hybrid platform is conducted.The findings underscore the system’s robustness in maintaining energy production under varied weather conditions,though higher failure rates and maintenance costs arise in intense scenarios.
文摘Objective:This study adopts empirical research methods to analyze the impact of intervention measures such as psychological counseling,team building,and stress management training on the mental health of psychiatric medical staff.Methods:This study selected 211 medical staff(including doctors,nurses,and psychotherapists)from the psychiatric department of a tertiary hospital as research subjects.They were divided into an experimental group(receiving psychological support measures)and a control group(not receiving psychological support measures)according to whether they received psychological support measures.Among them,the experimental group was divided into a total of 106 patients,while the control group was divided into a total of 105 patients.After the implementation of psychological support measures,the work efficiency of both groups of patients was evaluated from three aspects:psychological health level,occupational burnout level,and job satisfaction.Results:After intervention with psychological support measures,the experimental group patients showed significantly higher levels of mental health,occupational burnout,and job satisfaction than the control group,and the above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For psychiatric medical staff,the regular implementation of psychological support measures can significantly improve their mental health level,and on the basis of psychological support,the professional enthusiasm and job satisfaction of medical staff have been significantly improved.
基金Taicang Medical and Health Application Basic Research Guidance Project,“Research on Monitoring the Personalized Pressure of Pneumatic Tourniquet in Knee Arthroscopic Surgery Based on Popliteal Artery Blood Flow Ultrasound”(Project No.:2024TCYLZD03)。
文摘Coronary intervention is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease,which can improve the myocardial blood supply function of patients to a great extent.The nursing and rehabilitation after coronary intervention are very important for patients.In view of this,this article analyzed the rehabilitation and nursing of patients after coronary intervention,and put forward some strategies,only for the reference of colleagues.
基金financially supported by Gansu Province Science and Technology Program Funding(25YFFA005)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway Corporation(2017G004-E)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(23JRRE0741)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.
文摘BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative infection rate,improving post-operative biochemical markers,and enhancing postoperative recovery outcomes.AIM To explore the effectiveness of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures in controlling postoperative infection following gastrointestinal surgery.It also sought to compare infection rates and biochemical markers between the obser-vation and control groups and evaluate the impact of disinfection and isolation measures on reducing postoperative complications.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted.Ninety-six patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,with 48 cases in each.The observation group received disinfection and isolation measures during the perioperative period,whereas the control group received standard nursing care.The incidence of infection,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein levels,hemoglobin levels,and liver function markers(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen)were monitored postoperatively in both groups.RESULTS The postoperative infection rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).White blood cell and C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly after surgery in the observation group and were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group on postoperative days 1 and 3,showing a significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Perioperative disinfection and isolation measures effectively reduce postoperative infection rates in gastrointestinal surgery patients and improve biochemical markers,thereby enhancing recovery outcomes.This study provides a valuable basis for postoperative infection control and has significant clinical applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52478568National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2021YFC3100701 and 2022YFC3003503the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province under Grant No.2023AFA030。
文摘To analyze the correlation between the input energy parameters(V_(E))and typical intensity measures(IMs)of offshore ground motions,based on 273 earthquake events recorded by the K-NET in Japan,892 offshore ground motion records with moment magnitudes from 4.0 to 7.0 were used in this study.Residuals obtained through a ground motion model were calculated and analyzed for the correlation between V_(E) and amplitude,duration,frequency content and cumulative IMs.The results indicate that PGV and PGD have strong correlation with the V_(E)(T>0.2 s and T>0.4 s),the duration IMs have weakly negative correlation with the V_(E),Sd_(1) has a strong correlation with the V_(E) in the periods of T>0.4 s,T_(g) has a weak correlation with V_(E) and the cumulative IMs have strong correlation with the V_(E).The parametric predictive equations between typical IMs and V_(E) was proposed,and the differences between the prediction equations from the onshore ground motion records were compared.The differences in parametric predicted equations between offshore and onshore ground motions were confirmed in this study.Proposed correlation equations can be applied to offshore probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the selection of ground motion records by generalized conditional intensity measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 52208392,52068044,and 52168058)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(Grant number 2021M693843)+1 种基金Tianyou Youth Talent Lift Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Grant number 1520260306)Key Laboratory of Road and Bridge and Underground Engineering of Gansu Province(Grant number GSDQ-KF2020-5).
文摘Uneven terrain significantly increases the seismic risk of tunnels in loess deposits.To investigate the variations in optimal intensity measures(IMs)for shallowly buried loess tunnels considering biased terrain,nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to obtain seismic responses validated by the actual damage pattern.Then IMs were evaluated based on the automatic calculation of the time history damage index fulfilled by a compiled Python program.Results showed that the plastic strain zone progressively developed and extended from the vault to the central slope surface with increasing seismic intensities,ultimately causing shear failure to the tunnel.For IMs at the slope top,peak ground velocity(PGV)(ζ=0.15),velocity spectrum intensity(VSI)(ζ=0.20),and peak spectrum velocity(PSv)(ζ=0.22)were all suitable for seismic fragility assessment.The VSI(ζ=0.17)was optimal,followed by PGV(ζ=0.19)and PSv(ζ=0.2)for those at the slope foot.Acceleration-related IMs were more sensitive to terrain variation.Comparative analyses demonstrated smaller damage probabilities for the IMs at the slope top than those at the slope foot under the same intensity level.The impact of unfavorable terrain on tunnels was accentuated as those located in uneven mountainous regions became more vulnerable to ground shaking.
文摘The“notice-necessary measures”rule began with the“notice-and-takedown”rule,which originated from the United States safe harbors rule,established to limit the liability of Internet Service Providers(ISPs)for helping infringement in network infringement.China’s Tort Liability Law and Civil Code amended the“notice-and-takedown”rule so that when the right holder sends an effective notice of infringement to the ISP,the ISP shall take necessary measures more than removal to be exempted from liability.This article will discuss the transformation of the rule and types of necessary measures,and reconstruct the relationship between effectiveness of notice and types of necessary measures.
文摘Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long term,a well-structured investment allocation fuels industrial innovation and upgrading,laying a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.
文摘To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical Standards to implement relevant deployments and mechanism cons truc tion, based on the current situation of railway standards system and standards management.
文摘With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.
