Peracetic acid(PAA),known for its environmentally friendly properties as a oxidant and bactericide,is gaining prominence in decontamination and disinfection applications.The primary product of PAA oxidation is acetate...Peracetic acid(PAA),known for its environmentally friendly properties as a oxidant and bactericide,is gaining prominence in decontamination and disinfection applications.The primary product of PAA oxidation is acetate that can serve as an electron acceptor(EA)for the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)via chain elongation(CE)reactions.Hence,PAA-based pretreatment is supposed to be beneficial for MCFAs production from anaerobic sludge fermentation,as it could enhance organic matter availability,suppress competing microorganisms and furnish EA by providing acetate.However,such a hypothesis has rarely been proved.Here we reveal that PAA-based pretreatment leads to significant exfoliation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from sludge flocs and disruption of proteinic secondary structures,through inducing highly active free radicals and singlet oxygen.The production of MCFAs increases substantially to 11,265.6 mg COD L^(-1),while the undesired byproducts,specifically long-chain alcohols(LCAs),decrease to 723.5 mg COD L^(-1).Microbial activity tests further demonstrate that PAA pretreatment stimulates the CE process,attributed to the up-regulation of functional genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.These comprehensive findings provide insights into the effectiveness and mechanisms behind enhanced MCFAs production through PAA-based technology,advancing our understanding of sustainable resource recovery from sewage sludge.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value ...Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.展开更多
Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to s...Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production.Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens.In this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens.The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production.The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are covered.The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies.Finally,we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission.Looking forward,we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.展开更多
Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high priority.It has been recent...Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high priority.It has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients,along with drinking water,can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ASFv.Thus,it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible,antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in feed.One promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)and monoglyceride derivatives,which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and bacteria.Results:The antiviral activities of selected MCFA,namely caprylic,capric,and lauric acids,and a related monoglyceride,glycerol monolaurate(GML),to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed environments.Antiviral assays showed that all tested MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv.GML was more potent than MCFA because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral mechanisms.Dose-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min,as determined by infectious viral titer measurements.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein,which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane disruption.Conclusion:Together,the findings in this study indicate that MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed,which may help to curb disease transmission.展开更多
The electrical conductivity, compression sensibility, workability and cost are factors that affect the application of conductive smart materials in civil structures. Consequently, the resistance and compression sensib...The electrical conductivity, compression sensibility, workability and cost are factors that affect the application of conductive smart materials in civil structures. Consequently, the resistance and compression sensibility of magnetic-concentrated fly ash （MCFA） mortar were investigated using two electrode method, and the difference of compression sensibility between MCFA mortar and carbon fiber reinforced cement （CFRC） under uniaxial loading was studied. Factors affecting the compression sensibility of MCFA mortar, such as MCFA content, loading rate and stress cycles, were analyzed. Results show that fly ash with high content of Fe3O4 can be used to prepare conductive mortar since Fe3O4 is a kind of nonstoichiometric oxide and usually acts as semiconductor. MCFA mortar exhibits the same electrical conductivity to that of CFRC when the content of MCFA is more than 40% by weight of sample. The compression sensibility of mortar is improved with the increase of MCFA content and loading rate. The compression sensibility of MCFA mortar is reversible with the circling of loading. Results show that the application of MCFA in concrete not only provides excellent performances of electrical-functionality and workability, but also reduces the cost of conductive concrete.展开更多
The ubiquitous consumption of junk foods has drastically contributed to the exponential rise in the incidence of obesity. Hence, the present study explores the therapeutic effect of selected indigenous wild bean <i...The ubiquitous consumption of junk foods has drastically contributed to the exponential rise in the incidence of obesity. Hence, the present study explores the therapeutic effect of selected indigenous wild bean <i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i> (<i>Otili</i>) and condiment fermented <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> (<i>Iru</i>) on obese rats. The rats were fed with a high fat diet for four weeks and the gut microbiota was monitored every other day throughout the period of the experiment. Then, the fecal metabolome was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Although there was a decrease in the mean weight of rats treated with fermented <i>iru</i> compared with those given <i>Otili</i>, it was not statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The organisms identified from the fecal samples of the fermented <i>Iru</i> groups are <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Esherichia coli</i> while those identified from the <i>Otili</i> group include <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Citrobacter Freundii</i>. However, further study revealed that <i>Otili</i> and <i>Iru</i> had a similar faecal metabolome. Medium chain fatty acids, such as Decanoic acid, Octanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, 9-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecnoic acid, cis-10-Hepadecanoic acid, are the most common compounds found in this study. This suggests the fact that the associated gut microbiota from breakdown of respective food samples must have actively mediated in their roles of ameliorating the effect of obesity.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through project 52000135The first author is funded by the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science&Technology Development Foundation.
文摘Peracetic acid(PAA),known for its environmentally friendly properties as a oxidant and bactericide,is gaining prominence in decontamination and disinfection applications.The primary product of PAA oxidation is acetate that can serve as an electron acceptor(EA)for the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)via chain elongation(CE)reactions.Hence,PAA-based pretreatment is supposed to be beneficial for MCFAs production from anaerobic sludge fermentation,as it could enhance organic matter availability,suppress competing microorganisms and furnish EA by providing acetate.However,such a hypothesis has rarely been proved.Here we reveal that PAA-based pretreatment leads to significant exfoliation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from sludge flocs and disruption of proteinic secondary structures,through inducing highly active free radicals and singlet oxygen.The production of MCFAs increases substantially to 11,265.6 mg COD L^(-1),while the undesired byproducts,specifically long-chain alcohols(LCAs),decrease to 723.5 mg COD L^(-1).Microbial activity tests further demonstrate that PAA pretreatment stimulates the CE process,attributed to the up-regulation of functional genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.These comprehensive findings provide insights into the effectiveness and mechanisms behind enhanced MCFAs production through PAA-based technology,advancing our understanding of sustainable resource recovery from sewage sludge.
基金supported by the Developmentof the Affiliated Hospital of XuzhouMedical University (No.XYFM2021049)the Natural Science Research Program of Huai’an (No.HAB202318 and No.HABZ202202)
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.
文摘Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production.Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens.In this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens.The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production.The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are covered.The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies.Finally,we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission.Looking forward,we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.
基金Natural Biologics Inc.provided funding to conduct the experiments in this study.J.A.J.acknowledges additional funding support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2020R1C1C1004385).
文摘Background:The ongoing African swine fever virus(ASFv)epidemic has had a major impact on pig production globally and biosecurity efforts to curb ASFv infectivity and transmission are a high priority.It has been recently identified that feed and feed ingredients,along with drinking water,can serve as transmission vehicles and might facilitate transboundary spread of ASFv.Thus,it is important to test the antiviral activity of regulatory compatible,antiviral feed additives that might inhibit ASFv infectivity in feed.One promising group of feed additive candidates includes medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)and monoglyceride derivatives,which are known to disrupt the lipid membrane surrounding certain enveloped viruses and bacteria.Results:The antiviral activities of selected MCFA,namely caprylic,capric,and lauric acids,and a related monoglyceride,glycerol monolaurate(GML),to inhibit ASFv in liquid and feed conditions were investigated and suitable compounds and inclusion rates were identified that might be useful for mitigating ASFv in feed environments.Antiviral assays showed that all tested MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv.GML was more potent than MCFA because it worked at a lower concentration and inhibited ASFv due to direct virucidal activity along with one or more other antiviral mechanisms.Dose-dependent feed experiments further showed that sufficiently high GML doses can significantly reduce ASFv infectivity in feed in a linear manner in periods as short as 30 min,as determined by infectious viral titer measurements.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)experiments revealed that GML treatment also hinders antibody recognition of the membrane-associated ASFv p72 structural protein,which likely relates to protein conformational changes arising from viral membrane disruption.Conclusion:Together,the findings in this study indicate that MCFA and GML inhibit ASFv in liquid conditions and that GML is also able to reduce ASFv infectivity in feed,which may help to curb disease transmission.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51002193)
文摘The electrical conductivity, compression sensibility, workability and cost are factors that affect the application of conductive smart materials in civil structures. Consequently, the resistance and compression sensibility of magnetic-concentrated fly ash （MCFA） mortar were investigated using two electrode method, and the difference of compression sensibility between MCFA mortar and carbon fiber reinforced cement （CFRC） under uniaxial loading was studied. Factors affecting the compression sensibility of MCFA mortar, such as MCFA content, loading rate and stress cycles, were analyzed. Results show that fly ash with high content of Fe3O4 can be used to prepare conductive mortar since Fe3O4 is a kind of nonstoichiometric oxide and usually acts as semiconductor. MCFA mortar exhibits the same electrical conductivity to that of CFRC when the content of MCFA is more than 40% by weight of sample. The compression sensibility of mortar is improved with the increase of MCFA content and loading rate. The compression sensibility of MCFA mortar is reversible with the circling of loading. Results show that the application of MCFA in concrete not only provides excellent performances of electrical-functionality and workability, but also reduces the cost of conductive concrete.
文摘The ubiquitous consumption of junk foods has drastically contributed to the exponential rise in the incidence of obesity. Hence, the present study explores the therapeutic effect of selected indigenous wild bean <i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i> (<i>Otili</i>) and condiment fermented <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> (<i>Iru</i>) on obese rats. The rats were fed with a high fat diet for four weeks and the gut microbiota was monitored every other day throughout the period of the experiment. Then, the fecal metabolome was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Although there was a decrease in the mean weight of rats treated with fermented <i>iru</i> compared with those given <i>Otili</i>, it was not statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The organisms identified from the fecal samples of the fermented <i>Iru</i> groups are <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Esherichia coli</i> while those identified from the <i>Otili</i> group include <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Citrobacter Freundii</i>. However, further study revealed that <i>Otili</i> and <i>Iru</i> had a similar faecal metabolome. Medium chain fatty acids, such as Decanoic acid, Octanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, 9-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecnoic acid, cis-10-Hepadecanoic acid, are the most common compounds found in this study. This suggests the fact that the associated gut microbiota from breakdown of respective food samples must have actively mediated in their roles of ameliorating the effect of obesity.
