针对传统MBSE(model-based systems engineering)方法在有无人协同作战系统建模中难以完整呈现复杂作战逻辑、接口建模忽略场景化约束,且多关键算法验证存在周期长、成本高的问题,提出一种基于MBSE的方法论及设计工具。构建了系统运行...针对传统MBSE(model-based systems engineering)方法在有无人协同作战系统建模中难以完整呈现复杂作战逻辑、接口建模忽略场景化约束,且多关键算法验证存在周期长、成本高的问题,提出一种基于MBSE的方法论及设计工具。构建了系统运行逻辑、接口设计与算法设计的集成验证方法,提供数字化、快速迭代的系统仿真验证手段。搭建多关键算法仿真验证环境,有效降低验证环境建设的经济成本,并在典型有无人协同作战系统中完成设计与验证实践。该集成验证方法通过MBSE设计工具Modelook与战场仿真设计工具的集成,实现SysML模型描述的系统运行逻辑、数据交互模型与关键算法模型的协同验证。实验结果表明:该方法可在设计初期为系统提供数字化、低成本、敏捷迭代的模型仿真验证方案,提升数字样机从功能逻辑层面到功能逻辑与关键算法融合层面的综合能力。展开更多
With the raising complexity of modern civil aircraft,both academy and industry have shown strong interests on MBSE(Model-Based System Engineering).However,following the application of MBSE,the duration of the design p...With the raising complexity of modern civil aircraft,both academy and industry have shown strong interests on MBSE(Model-Based System Engineering).However,following the application of MBSE,the duration of the design phase exceeded expectations.This paper conducted a survey to the relevant participants involved in the design,revealed that a lack of proper process management is a critical issue.The current MBSE methodology does not provide clear guidelines for monitoring,controlling,and managing processes,which are crucial for both efficiency and effectiveness.To address this,the present paper introduced an improved Process Model(PM)within the MBSE framework for civil aircraft design.This improved model incorporates three new Management Blocks(MB):Progress Management Block(PMB),Review Management Block(RMB),and Configuration Management Block(CMB),developed based on the Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI).These additions aim to streamline the design process and better align it with engineering practices.The upgraded MBSE method with the improved PM offers a more structured approach to manage complex aircraft design projects,and a case study is conducted to validate its potential to reduce timelines and enhance overall project outcomes.展开更多
为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MB...为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。展开更多
为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。...为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。以铁路旅客运输场景为例开展平台应用研究,采用系统建模语言(SysML,Systems Modeling Language)完成需求模型、功能模型、架构模型的构建及模型的参数设计和验证。实践验证结果表明,该平台可有效提升铁路系统建模的效率和质量,为MBSE在铁路建模领域的应用提供理论和技术支撑。展开更多
Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making sys...Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.展开更多
We present a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the global–regional chemical transport model called the Emission and Atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community(EPICC)model.The framework...We present a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the global–regional chemical transport model called the Emission and Atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community(EPICC)model.The framework incorporates(1)grid configuration,(2)transport dynamics,(3)chemical mechanisms,(4)aerosol processes,(5)wet/dry deposition parameterizations,and(6)heterogeneous chemistry treatments associated with sulfate,nitrous acid(HONO)chemistry,and aerosol/cloud–photolysis interactions(APIs/CPIs).Openly shared with the atmospheric research community,the model facilitates integration of advanced physicochemical schemes to enhance simulation accuracy.Globally,the model demonstrates realistic representations of ozone(O_(3))and aerosol optical depth.The EPICC model generally demonstrates robust performance in simulating regional concentrations of O_(3) and PM_(2.5)(and its components)in China.It successfully captures vertical profiles of both global and regional O_(3).Notably,the model mitigates frequently reported sulfate underestimations in highly industrialized regions of China.The model accurately captures two regional severe pollution episodes observed in eastern China(January/June 2021).Sensitivity experiments highlight the critical roles of heterogeneous chemical mechanisms associated with sulfate,HONO chemistry,APIs,and CPIs in capturing PM_(2.5) and O_(3) concentrations in China.Improved sulfate mechanisms result in an increase of approximately 32.4%(2.8μg m^(−3))in simulated winter sulfate concentrations when observations exceed 10μg m^(−3).Enhanced HONO elevates winter O_(3) and PM_(2.5) by≤20 and≤10μg m^(−3),respectively.Overall,CPIs dominate over APIs in improving O_(3) and PM_(2.5) simulations across China.Locally,APIs mitigate PM_(2.5) and O_(3) discrepancies in the Sichuan Basin.Seasonal cloud–chemistry coupling explains the weaker impact of PM_(2.5) in summer.展开更多
Model evaluation using benchmark datasets is an important method to measure the capability of large language models(LLMs)in specific domains,and it is mainly used to assess the knowledge and reasoning abilities of LLM...Model evaluation using benchmark datasets is an important method to measure the capability of large language models(LLMs)in specific domains,and it is mainly used to assess the knowledge and reasoning abilities of LLMs.Therefore,in order to better assess the capability of LLMs in the agricultural domain,Agri-Eval was proposed as a benchmark for assessing the knowledge and reasoning ability of LLMs in agriculture.The assessment dataset used in Agri-Eval covered seven major disciplines in the agricultural domain:crop science,horticulture,plant protection,animal husbandry,forest science,aquaculture science,and grass science,and contained a total of 2283 questions.Among domestic general-purpose LLMs,DeepSeek R1 performed best with an accuracy rate of 75.49%.In the realm of international general-purpose LLMs,Gemini 2.0 pro exp 0205 standed out as the top performer,achieving an accuracy rate of 74.28%.As an LLMs in agriculture vertical,Shennong V2.0 outperformed all the LLMs in China,and the answer accuracy rate of agricultural knowledge exceeded that of all the existing general-purpose LLMs.The launch of Agri-Eval helped the LLM developers to comprehensively evaluate the model's capability in the field of agriculture through a variety of tasks and tests to promote the development of the LLMs in the field of agriculture.展开更多
In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asy...In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and the positive periodic solution.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate our results.Our results show that age-selective harvesting is more conducive to sustainable population survival than non-age-selective harvesting.展开更多
The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pil...The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pillars supporting scientific inference and data-driven decisionmaking,have evolved through the collective wisdom of generations of statisticians.This special issue,titled"Recent Developments in Dimension Reduction and Model Checking for regressions",not only aims to showcase cutting-edge advances in the field but also carries a distinct sense of academic homage to honor the groundbreaking and enduring contributions of Professor Lixing Zhu,a leading scholar whose work has profoundly shaped both areas.展开更多
In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation ...In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.展开更多
This paper presents an efficient model reduction technique for linear time-varying systems based on shifted Legendre polynomials.The approach constructs approximate low-rank decomposition factors of finite-time Gramia...This paper presents an efficient model reduction technique for linear time-varying systems based on shifted Legendre polynomials.The approach constructs approximate low-rank decomposition factors of finite-time Gramians directly from the expansion coefficients of impulse responses.Leveraging these factors,we develop two model reduction algorithms that integrate the low-rank square root method with dominant subspace projection.Our method is computationally efficient and flexible,requiring only a few matrix-vector operations and a singular value decomposition of a low-dimensional matrix,thereby avoiding the need to solve differential Lyapunov equations.Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and cha...In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and change.Likewise,this period has seen a significant increase in our understanding of the physical processes and mechanisms that drive precipitation and its variability across different regions of Africa.By leveraging a large volume of climate model outputs,numerous studies have investigated the model representation of African precipitation as well as underlying physical processes.These studies have assessed whether the physical processes are well depicted and whether the models are fit for informing mitigation and adaptation strategies.This paper provides a review of the progress in precipitation simulation overAfrica in state-of-the-science climate models and discusses the major issues and challenges that remain.展开更多
文摘针对传统MBSE(model-based systems engineering)方法在有无人协同作战系统建模中难以完整呈现复杂作战逻辑、接口建模忽略场景化约束,且多关键算法验证存在周期长、成本高的问题,提出一种基于MBSE的方法论及设计工具。构建了系统运行逻辑、接口设计与算法设计的集成验证方法,提供数字化、快速迭代的系统仿真验证手段。搭建多关键算法仿真验证环境,有效降低验证环境建设的经济成本,并在典型有无人协同作战系统中完成设计与验证实践。该集成验证方法通过MBSE设计工具Modelook与战场仿真设计工具的集成,实现SysML模型描述的系统运行逻辑、数据交互模型与关键算法模型的协同验证。实验结果表明:该方法可在设计初期为系统提供数字化、低成本、敏捷迭代的模型仿真验证方案,提升数字样机从功能逻辑层面到功能逻辑与关键算法融合层面的综合能力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073267)。
文摘With the raising complexity of modern civil aircraft,both academy and industry have shown strong interests on MBSE(Model-Based System Engineering).However,following the application of MBSE,the duration of the design phase exceeded expectations.This paper conducted a survey to the relevant participants involved in the design,revealed that a lack of proper process management is a critical issue.The current MBSE methodology does not provide clear guidelines for monitoring,controlling,and managing processes,which are crucial for both efficiency and effectiveness.To address this,the present paper introduced an improved Process Model(PM)within the MBSE framework for civil aircraft design.This improved model incorporates three new Management Blocks(MB):Progress Management Block(PMB),Review Management Block(RMB),and Configuration Management Block(CMB),developed based on the Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI).These additions aim to streamline the design process and better align it with engineering practices.The upgraded MBSE method with the improved PM offers a more structured approach to manage complex aircraft design projects,and a case study is conducted to validate its potential to reduce timelines and enhance overall project outcomes.
文摘为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。
文摘为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。以铁路旅客运输场景为例开展平台应用研究,采用系统建模语言(SysML,Systems Modeling Language)完成需求模型、功能模型、架构模型的构建及模型的参数设计和验证。实践验证结果表明,该平台可有效提升铁路系统建模的效率和质量,为MBSE在铁路建模领域的应用提供理论和技术支撑。
基金supported by the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2024SZY0343)the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-050205)+2 种基金the Higher Education Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJZZ23078)the project of Inner Mongolia"Prairie Talents"Engineering Innovation Entrepreneurship Talent Team,the Major Projects of Erdos Science and Technology(No.2022EEDSKJZDZX015)the Innovation Team of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology(No.CXTD2023-01-016).
文摘Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.
基金National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (EarthLab)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 92044302)the National Key Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC3700703)
文摘We present a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the global–regional chemical transport model called the Emission and Atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community(EPICC)model.The framework incorporates(1)grid configuration,(2)transport dynamics,(3)chemical mechanisms,(4)aerosol processes,(5)wet/dry deposition parameterizations,and(6)heterogeneous chemistry treatments associated with sulfate,nitrous acid(HONO)chemistry,and aerosol/cloud–photolysis interactions(APIs/CPIs).Openly shared with the atmospheric research community,the model facilitates integration of advanced physicochemical schemes to enhance simulation accuracy.Globally,the model demonstrates realistic representations of ozone(O_(3))and aerosol optical depth.The EPICC model generally demonstrates robust performance in simulating regional concentrations of O_(3) and PM_(2.5)(and its components)in China.It successfully captures vertical profiles of both global and regional O_(3).Notably,the model mitigates frequently reported sulfate underestimations in highly industrialized regions of China.The model accurately captures two regional severe pollution episodes observed in eastern China(January/June 2021).Sensitivity experiments highlight the critical roles of heterogeneous chemical mechanisms associated with sulfate,HONO chemistry,APIs,and CPIs in capturing PM_(2.5) and O_(3) concentrations in China.Improved sulfate mechanisms result in an increase of approximately 32.4%(2.8μg m^(−3))in simulated winter sulfate concentrations when observations exceed 10μg m^(−3).Enhanced HONO elevates winter O_(3) and PM_(2.5) by≤20 and≤10μg m^(−3),respectively.Overall,CPIs dominate over APIs in improving O_(3) and PM_(2.5) simulations across China.Locally,APIs mitigate PM_(2.5) and O_(3) discrepancies in the Sichuan Basin.Seasonal cloud–chemistry coupling explains the weaker impact of PM_(2.5) in summer.
文摘Model evaluation using benchmark datasets is an important method to measure the capability of large language models(LLMs)in specific domains,and it is mainly used to assess the knowledge and reasoning abilities of LLMs.Therefore,in order to better assess the capability of LLMs in the agricultural domain,Agri-Eval was proposed as a benchmark for assessing the knowledge and reasoning ability of LLMs in agriculture.The assessment dataset used in Agri-Eval covered seven major disciplines in the agricultural domain:crop science,horticulture,plant protection,animal husbandry,forest science,aquaculture science,and grass science,and contained a total of 2283 questions.Among domestic general-purpose LLMs,DeepSeek R1 performed best with an accuracy rate of 75.49%.In the realm of international general-purpose LLMs,Gemini 2.0 pro exp 0205 standed out as the top performer,achieving an accuracy rate of 74.28%.As an LLMs in agriculture vertical,Shennong V2.0 outperformed all the LLMs in China,and the answer accuracy rate of agricultural knowledge exceeded that of all the existing general-purpose LLMs.The launch of Agri-Eval helped the LLM developers to comprehensively evaluate the model's capability in the field of agriculture through a variety of tasks and tests to promote the development of the LLMs in the field of agriculture.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12261018)Universities Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Data Mining in Guizhou Province(2023013)。
文摘In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and the positive periodic solution.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate our results.Our results show that age-selective harvesting is more conducive to sustainable population survival than non-age-selective harvesting.
文摘The proliferation of high-dimensional data and the widespread use of complex models present central challenges in contemporary statistics and data science.Dimension reduction and model checking,as two foundational pillars supporting scientific inference and data-driven decisionmaking,have evolved through the collective wisdom of generations of statisticians.This special issue,titled"Recent Developments in Dimension Reduction and Model Checking for regressions",not only aims to showcase cutting-edge advances in the field but also carries a distinct sense of academic homage to honor the groundbreaking and enduring contributions of Professor Lixing Zhu,a leading scholar whose work has profoundly shaped both areas.
文摘In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.
文摘This paper presents an efficient model reduction technique for linear time-varying systems based on shifted Legendre polynomials.The approach constructs approximate low-rank decomposition factors of finite-time Gramians directly from the expansion coefficients of impulse responses.Leveraging these factors,we develop two model reduction algorithms that integrate the low-rank square root method with dominant subspace projection.Our method is computationally efficient and flexible,requiring only a few matrix-vector operations and a singular value decomposition of a low-dimensional matrix,thereby avoiding the need to solve differential Lyapunov equations.Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP),Climate Variability and Predictability(CLIVAR),and Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)for facilitating the coordination of African monsoon researchsupport from the Center for Earth System Modeling,Analysis,and Data at the Pennsylvania State Universitythe support of the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional&Global Model Analysis(RGMA)program area。
文摘In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and change.Likewise,this period has seen a significant increase in our understanding of the physical processes and mechanisms that drive precipitation and its variability across different regions of Africa.By leveraging a large volume of climate model outputs,numerous studies have investigated the model representation of African precipitation as well as underlying physical processes.These studies have assessed whether the physical processes are well depicted and whether the models are fit for informing mitigation and adaptation strategies.This paper provides a review of the progress in precipitation simulation overAfrica in state-of-the-science climate models and discusses the major issues and challenges that remain.
