In this study,we focus on the gravitational waves emitted by a stellar-mass object in a quasi-circular inspiral orbit around a central supermassive polymerized black hole in loop quantum gravity.Treating the stellar-m...In this study,we focus on the gravitational waves emitted by a stellar-mass object in a quasi-circular inspiral orbit around a central supermassive polymerized black hole in loop quantum gravity.Treating the stellar-mass object as a massive test particle,we derive its equations of motion and the corresponding radial effective potential.We find that the peak of the radial effective potential decreases with the quantum parameter k.We also examine the impact of quantum corrections on the properties of stable circular orbits(SCOs)around the polymerized black hole.We model the smaller object's trajectory as an adiabatic evolution along SCOs using a semi-relativistic approach.In this method,the motion of the object is described by relativistic geodesics,and changes in the object's energy and orbital angular momentum due to gravitational radiation are calculated using the mass quadrupole formula.The corresponding gravitational waveforms are generated using the numerical kludge method,revealing that quantum corrections cause phase advances in the gravitational waveforms.We further analyze the potential constraints on the quantum parameter k from future space-based gravitational wave observations,concluding that the constraints on k imposed by these observations will likely be stronger than those imposed by black hole shadow measurements.展开更多
背景前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)广泛危害中老年男性身心健康,且近年来发病率及死亡率逐渐升高,以病理组织活检为确诊金标准,各个检验指标及影像学检查为辅助诊断,缺少各种筛查方式的灵敏度和特异性的比较。目的比较多种前列腺癌筛...背景前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)广泛危害中老年男性身心健康,且近年来发病率及死亡率逐渐升高,以病理组织活检为确诊金标准,各个检验指标及影像学检查为辅助诊断,缺少各种筛查方式的灵敏度和特异性的比较。目的比较多种前列腺癌筛查方式的灵敏度及特异性。方法选择2023年1月至2024年6月中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心诊断为前列腺癌305例和良性前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)276例全部手术患者。比较分析血清中前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(free prostate specific antigen,fPSA)/总前列腺特异抗原(total prostate specific antigen,tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density,PSAD)、前列腺特异性抗原质量比(prostate specific antigen mass ratio,PSAMR)、经直肠前列腺超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)、前列腺多参数磁共振(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mpMRI)、前列腺特异性膜抗原正电子发射断层扫描(prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET,PSMA-PET),前列腺特异性抗原质量比(prostate specific antigen mass ratio,PSAMR)和前列腺直肠超声体积(transrectal ultrasound volume,TRUS-V)联合筛查方式的灵敏度和特异性。结果PCa的多种筛查方式中PSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD、PSAMR、TRUS、mpMRI、PSMA-PET,PSAMR和TRUS-V联合的灵敏度分别为72.84%、66.10%、68.61%、67.88%、60.23%、83.45%、99.07%,90.20%;特异性分别为81.10%、83.03%、85.00%、85.71%、97.95%、92.94%、73.33%,78.50%。结论PCa的多种筛查方式中,PSMA-PET检查的灵敏度最高,TRUS检查的特异性最高。对患者前列腺良恶性性质难以判断时,可结合多种筛查方式综合分析,以减少前列腺癌患者的漏诊。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2203003),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12475056,12105126,12275238,12247101)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA389)the‘111 Center'(B20063),the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR21A050001,LY20A050002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang in China(RF-A2019015)。
文摘In this study,we focus on the gravitational waves emitted by a stellar-mass object in a quasi-circular inspiral orbit around a central supermassive polymerized black hole in loop quantum gravity.Treating the stellar-mass object as a massive test particle,we derive its equations of motion and the corresponding radial effective potential.We find that the peak of the radial effective potential decreases with the quantum parameter k.We also examine the impact of quantum corrections on the properties of stable circular orbits(SCOs)around the polymerized black hole.We model the smaller object's trajectory as an adiabatic evolution along SCOs using a semi-relativistic approach.In this method,the motion of the object is described by relativistic geodesics,and changes in the object's energy and orbital angular momentum due to gravitational radiation are calculated using the mass quadrupole formula.The corresponding gravitational waveforms are generated using the numerical kludge method,revealing that quantum corrections cause phase advances in the gravitational waveforms.We further analyze the potential constraints on the quantum parameter k from future space-based gravitational wave observations,concluding that the constraints on k imposed by these observations will likely be stronger than those imposed by black hole shadow measurements.
文摘背景前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)广泛危害中老年男性身心健康,且近年来发病率及死亡率逐渐升高,以病理组织活检为确诊金标准,各个检验指标及影像学检查为辅助诊断,缺少各种筛查方式的灵敏度和特异性的比较。目的比较多种前列腺癌筛查方式的灵敏度及特异性。方法选择2023年1月至2024年6月中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心诊断为前列腺癌305例和良性前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)276例全部手术患者。比较分析血清中前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(free prostate specific antigen,fPSA)/总前列腺特异抗原(total prostate specific antigen,tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density,PSAD)、前列腺特异性抗原质量比(prostate specific antigen mass ratio,PSAMR)、经直肠前列腺超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)、前列腺多参数磁共振(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mpMRI)、前列腺特异性膜抗原正电子发射断层扫描(prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET,PSMA-PET),前列腺特异性抗原质量比(prostate specific antigen mass ratio,PSAMR)和前列腺直肠超声体积(transrectal ultrasound volume,TRUS-V)联合筛查方式的灵敏度和特异性。结果PCa的多种筛查方式中PSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD、PSAMR、TRUS、mpMRI、PSMA-PET,PSAMR和TRUS-V联合的灵敏度分别为72.84%、66.10%、68.61%、67.88%、60.23%、83.45%、99.07%,90.20%;特异性分别为81.10%、83.03%、85.00%、85.71%、97.95%、92.94%、73.33%,78.50%。结论PCa的多种筛查方式中,PSMA-PET检查的灵敏度最高,TRUS检查的特异性最高。对患者前列腺良恶性性质难以判断时,可结合多种筛查方式综合分析,以减少前列腺癌患者的漏诊。
