Objective:To identify the sandfly fauna and analyze ecology of sandfly vector(s)of visceral leishmaniasis in three districts of Somali Regional State,southeast Ethiopia.Methods:Sandflies were collected from four sampl...Objective:To identify the sandfly fauna and analyze ecology of sandfly vector(s)of visceral leishmaniasis in three districts of Somali Regional State,southeast Ethiopia.Methods:Sandflies were collected from four sampling habitats,including indoor,peri-domestic,farm field and mixed forest using light and sticky traps in July 2016,and February and April 2017 in Liben and Dawa zones in the Somali Regional State,southeastern Ethiopia.Results:In total,4367 sandfly specimens,belonging to 12 species(three Phlebotomus spp.and nine Sergentomyia spp.)were identified.Phlebotomus(P.)heischi,P.orientalis,and P.martini constituted 45.7%,31.1%,and 23.1%of the sandfly collection,respectively.There were significant differences in the median number of P.orientalis,and P.martini captured per CDC trap/night between the three sampling districts(P<0.05).In light trap capture,collection habitats had significant effects on the abundance of P.orientalis,and P.martini(P<0.05).More median numbers of P.orientalis,and P.martini species were collected in agricultural fields followed by mixed forest and peri-domestic habitats.P.orientalis and P.martini were caught more in outdoor than indoor habitats,suggesting exophilic behaviour.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that the presence of P.orientalis and P.martini are probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in this new focus.The findings of our study will improve the understanding of the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis transmission and will facilitate the implementation of integrated disease control measures based on ecological knowledge of visceral leishmaniasis vector in Liben and Dawa zones and its surrounding regions.展开更多
Post-infectional changes in sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, phenols, chlorophyll and carotene of two Cymbopogons viz., Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon citratus due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia nakanishikii (Diet...Post-infectional changes in sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, phenols, chlorophyll and carotene of two Cymbopogons viz., Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon citratus due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia nakanishikii (Diet) were investigated. All the biochemical constituents decreased in plants infected by the fungal pathogen.展开更多
Martini VPN是Martini提出的一种点对点的二层虚拟专有网(VPN)解决方案。可以支持的二层技术主要有：帧中继、ATMAAL5CPCS模式、ATM透明信元模式、以太网、HDLC、PPP、SONET／SDH链路仿真服务等。为了通过运营商多协议标记交换网络承载...Martini VPN是Martini提出的一种点对点的二层虚拟专有网(VPN)解决方案。可以支持的二层技术主要有：帧中继、ATMAAL5CPCS模式、ATM透明信元模式、以太网、HDLC、PPP、SONET／SDH链路仿真服务等。为了通过运营商多协议标记交换网络承载二层的帧，Martini草案引入了虚连接(VC)的概念。展开更多
Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)mole...Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.展开更多
意大利建筑师詹卡洛·德·卡洛(Giancarlo DeCarlo,1919-2005)在意大利小镇乌尔比诺(Urbino)的作品已被评论家与建筑史学者视为现代建筑如何根植于地方的经典代表,尤其是在内陆地区。然而,仅仅强调德·卡洛与环境的关系,并...意大利建筑师詹卡洛·德·卡洛(Giancarlo DeCarlo,1919-2005)在意大利小镇乌尔比诺(Urbino)的作品已被评论家与建筑史学者视为现代建筑如何根植于地方的经典代表,尤其是在内陆地区。然而,仅仅强调德·卡洛与环境的关系,并不足以揭示其工作的成果与过程。研究提出,理解德·卡洛在乌尔比诺的介入,可通过另一种更具体、更具个人性的视角--即源于两位人物德·卡洛本人与文艺复兴时期的建筑师弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔·马尔蒂尼(Francesco di Giorgio Martini,1439-1501)之间一种看似悖论的关系。在这一点上,我们建议将德·卡洛的方法界定为“对话式”(dialogical)--借用马丁·布伯(Martin Buber)“对话存在”的概念,即一种将“地方”理解为主体而非客体的设计方式。研究聚焦于德·卡洛的三个项目,并将其视为与弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔对话的不同方式:一是修复位于城墙棱堡内部的螺旋坡道(1971-1975);二是在18世纪修道院原址上设计教育学院(Magistero)(1968-1976);三是历经多次改造的前公爵马厩--丰饶园(Orto dell’Abbondanza)(1969-1970、1979、1990、1993-1994、1994-2002、2003-2005)。在深入解读这些项目之前,将回溯弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔与德·卡洛在这座意大利丘陵小城的工作轨迹,并更广泛地探讨两位建筑师在事实与认知层面的相似性,主要引用德·卡洛本人的话语。展开更多
基金Jigjiga University for providing financial support to the study.
文摘Objective:To identify the sandfly fauna and analyze ecology of sandfly vector(s)of visceral leishmaniasis in three districts of Somali Regional State,southeast Ethiopia.Methods:Sandflies were collected from four sampling habitats,including indoor,peri-domestic,farm field and mixed forest using light and sticky traps in July 2016,and February and April 2017 in Liben and Dawa zones in the Somali Regional State,southeastern Ethiopia.Results:In total,4367 sandfly specimens,belonging to 12 species(three Phlebotomus spp.and nine Sergentomyia spp.)were identified.Phlebotomus(P.)heischi,P.orientalis,and P.martini constituted 45.7%,31.1%,and 23.1%of the sandfly collection,respectively.There were significant differences in the median number of P.orientalis,and P.martini captured per CDC trap/night between the three sampling districts(P<0.05).In light trap capture,collection habitats had significant effects on the abundance of P.orientalis,and P.martini(P<0.05).More median numbers of P.orientalis,and P.martini species were collected in agricultural fields followed by mixed forest and peri-domestic habitats.P.orientalis and P.martini were caught more in outdoor than indoor habitats,suggesting exophilic behaviour.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that the presence of P.orientalis and P.martini are probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in this new focus.The findings of our study will improve the understanding of the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis transmission and will facilitate the implementation of integrated disease control measures based on ecological knowledge of visceral leishmaniasis vector in Liben and Dawa zones and its surrounding regions.
文摘Post-infectional changes in sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, phenols, chlorophyll and carotene of two Cymbopogons viz., Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon citratus due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia nakanishikii (Diet) were investigated. All the biochemical constituents decreased in plants infected by the fungal pathogen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22438005,22108117).
文摘Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.
文摘意大利建筑师詹卡洛·德·卡洛(Giancarlo DeCarlo,1919-2005)在意大利小镇乌尔比诺(Urbino)的作品已被评论家与建筑史学者视为现代建筑如何根植于地方的经典代表,尤其是在内陆地区。然而,仅仅强调德·卡洛与环境的关系,并不足以揭示其工作的成果与过程。研究提出,理解德·卡洛在乌尔比诺的介入,可通过另一种更具体、更具个人性的视角--即源于两位人物德·卡洛本人与文艺复兴时期的建筑师弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔·马尔蒂尼(Francesco di Giorgio Martini,1439-1501)之间一种看似悖论的关系。在这一点上,我们建议将德·卡洛的方法界定为“对话式”(dialogical)--借用马丁·布伯(Martin Buber)“对话存在”的概念,即一种将“地方”理解为主体而非客体的设计方式。研究聚焦于德·卡洛的三个项目,并将其视为与弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔对话的不同方式:一是修复位于城墙棱堡内部的螺旋坡道(1971-1975);二是在18世纪修道院原址上设计教育学院(Magistero)(1968-1976);三是历经多次改造的前公爵马厩--丰饶园(Orto dell’Abbondanza)(1969-1970、1979、1990、1993-1994、1994-2002、2003-2005)。在深入解读这些项目之前,将回溯弗朗切斯科·迪·乔尔乔与德·卡洛在这座意大利丘陵小城的工作轨迹,并更广泛地探讨两位建筑师在事实与认知层面的相似性,主要引用德·卡洛本人的话语。
