In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML...In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML)5 is proposed.The characteristics of the real-time monitoring technology of CNC machine tools under the traditional Client/Server(C/S)structure are compared and analyzed,and the technical drawbacks are proposed.Web real-time communication technology and browser drawing technology are deeply studied.A real-time monitoring and visible system for CNC machine tool data is developed based on Metro platform,combining WebSocket real-time communication technology and Canvas drawing technology.The system architecture is given,and the functions and implementation methods of the system are described in detail.The practical application results show that the WebSocket real-time communication technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and network delay and save server resources.The numerical control machine data monitoring system can intuitively reflect the machine data,and the visible effect is good.It realizes timely monitoring of equipment alarms and prompts maintenance and management personnel.展开更多
The existing data mining methods are mostly focused on relational databases and structured data, but not on complex structured data (like in extensible markup language(XML)). By converting XML document type descriptio...The existing data mining methods are mostly focused on relational databases and structured data, but not on complex structured data (like in extensible markup language(XML)). By converting XML document type description to the relational semantic recording XML data relations, and using an XML data mining language, the XML data mining system presents a strategy to mine information on XML.展开更多
Based on China's industrial enterprises-customs matched data, this paper utilizes two-tier stochastic frontier analysis method to estimate and verify the extent to which selection effect and competition effect inf...Based on China's industrial enterprises-customs matched data, this paper utilizes two-tier stochastic frontier analysis method to estimate and verify the extent to which selection effect and competition effect influence exporting firms' markup. Our findings suggest that the interaction between selection effect and competition effect ultimately causes actual firm markup to be higher than the baseline markup by 7.11%. Exporting firms' actual markup is higher than the baseline markup by different degrees. In terms of the decomposition of selection effect, TFP explains for 28.05% of selection effect, and nonproductivity factors explain for the rest 71.95%. By controlling for the type of firms' export,the export-productivity paradox only exists for processing trade firms, which shows that with increasing trade facilitation, the policy incentives to encourage firms to export are major contributors to the low export markups.展开更多
With object oriented design/analysis, a general purpose corrosion data model (GPCDM) and a corrosion data markup language (CDML) are created to meet the increasing demand of multi-source corrosion data integration and...With object oriented design/analysis, a general purpose corrosion data model (GPCDM) and a corrosion data markup language (CDML) are created to meet the increasing demand of multi-source corrosion data integration and sharing. "Cor- rosion data island" is proposed to model the corrosion data of comprehensiveness and self-contained. The island of tree-liked structure contains six first-level child nodes to characterize every important aspect of the corrosion data. Each first-level node holds more child nodes recursively as data containers. The design of data structure inside the island is intended to decrease the learning curve and break the acceptance barrier of GPCDM and CDML. A detailed explanation about the role and meaning of the first-level nodes are presented with examples chosen carefully in order to review the design goals and requirements proposed in the previous paper. Then, CDML tag structure and CDML application programming interface (API) are introduced in logic order. At the end, the roles of GPCDM, CDML and its API in the multi-source corrosion data integration and information sharing are highlighted and projected.展开更多
Cross-country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm-level data from Chinas 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service an...Cross-country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm-level data from Chinas 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service and between manufacturing and service sectors. First, compared with the manufacturing sector, there are more stateowned enterprises and fewer entrants in the service sector. Second, markups increase with firm size, and the increase is more dramatic among service firms. We interpret these facts through the lens of a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups. A multisector model shows a new channel that translates asymmetric barriers to entry across sectors into sectoral markup differences, which in turn cause sectoral misallocation. Quantitative analysis shows that when reducing entry barriers to service firms to the extent observed for manufacturing firms, the model predicts a 12-percentage-point increase in the service employment share.展开更多
Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based...Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based competitive multi-product firms increase product markups significantly,particularly for core products,whereas cost-based competitive multi-product firms respond by reducing product markups.The reason for this is that positive foreign demand affects markups through two opposite channels:pro-innovative effects and pro-competitive ejfects.Pro-innovative effects are predominant among quality-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by increasing product quality,prices,and markups.Pro-competitive ejfects are predominant among cost-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by lowering product cost,prices,and markups.We demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms empirically.The results imply that firms with different competition strategies should adopt different measures in response to foreign demand shocks.展开更多
目的评估新疆地区“药品零差率”政策对心脑血管疾病患者住院费用结构及次均费用的影响,为完善公立医院补偿机制与控费政策提供依据。方法基于新疆某三甲综合公立医院2016年1月-2023年12月心脑血管疾病患者住院费用数据,本研究聚焦次均...目的评估新疆地区“药品零差率”政策对心脑血管疾病患者住院费用结构及次均费用的影响,为完善公立医院补偿机制与控费政策提供依据。方法基于新疆某三甲综合公立医院2016年1月-2023年12月心脑血管疾病患者住院费用数据,本研究聚焦次均住院费用、次均西药费用及费用构成等核心指标,采用间断时间序列分析(Interrupted time series analysis,ITSA)量化了政策带来的费用水平与趋势的即时与长期变化,并结合结构变动度模型揭示了各分项费用的结构变动贡献率。结果与政策实施前比较,实施后次均住院费用短期内显著下降(β_(2)=-12754.66,P<0.05),长期呈缓慢回升趋势(β_(1)+β_(3)=107.40,P<0.05);西药费用占比下降,次均西药费用控制未达显著(P≥0.05)。医院通过增加检查费、化验费等医疗服务性收入(累计贡献率43.87%)弥补药品收入损失,存在将成本从药品转向检查、化验等医疗服务项目的风险。结论“药品零差率”政策短期内降低住院费用,但需深化医疗、医保、医药领域的协同改革,强化疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis related groups,DRG)付费、耗材集采等协同措施,遏制隐性成本转移,巩固政策成效。展开更多
文摘In order to ensure the safety,quality and efficiency of computer numerical control(CNC)machine tool processing,a real-time monitoring and visible solution for CNC machine tools based on hyper text markup language(HTML)5 is proposed.The characteristics of the real-time monitoring technology of CNC machine tools under the traditional Client/Server(C/S)structure are compared and analyzed,and the technical drawbacks are proposed.Web real-time communication technology and browser drawing technology are deeply studied.A real-time monitoring and visible system for CNC machine tool data is developed based on Metro platform,combining WebSocket real-time communication technology and Canvas drawing technology.The system architecture is given,and the functions and implementation methods of the system are described in detail.The practical application results show that the WebSocket real-time communication technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and network delay and save server resources.The numerical control machine data monitoring system can intuitively reflect the machine data,and the visible effect is good.It realizes timely monitoring of equipment alarms and prompts maintenance and management personnel.
文摘The existing data mining methods are mostly focused on relational databases and structured data, but not on complex structured data (like in extensible markup language(XML)). By converting XML document type description to the relational semantic recording XML data relations, and using an XML data mining language, the XML data mining system presents a strategy to mine information on XML.
基金Sponsorship of the National Social Science Foundation (NSSF) Youth Project (16CJL014)the China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation (2017T100001)
文摘Based on China's industrial enterprises-customs matched data, this paper utilizes two-tier stochastic frontier analysis method to estimate and verify the extent to which selection effect and competition effect influence exporting firms' markup. Our findings suggest that the interaction between selection effect and competition effect ultimately causes actual firm markup to be higher than the baseline markup by 7.11%. Exporting firms' actual markup is higher than the baseline markup by different degrees. In terms of the decomposition of selection effect, TFP explains for 28.05% of selection effect, and nonproductivity factors explain for the rest 71.95%. By controlling for the type of firms' export,the export-productivity paradox only exists for processing trade firms, which shows that with increasing trade facilitation, the policy incentives to encourage firms to export are major contributors to the low export markups.
文摘With object oriented design/analysis, a general purpose corrosion data model (GPCDM) and a corrosion data markup language (CDML) are created to meet the increasing demand of multi-source corrosion data integration and sharing. "Cor- rosion data island" is proposed to model the corrosion data of comprehensiveness and self-contained. The island of tree-liked structure contains six first-level child nodes to characterize every important aspect of the corrosion data. Each first-level node holds more child nodes recursively as data containers. The design of data structure inside the island is intended to decrease the learning curve and break the acceptance barrier of GPCDM and CDML. A detailed explanation about the role and meaning of the first-level nodes are presented with examples chosen carefully in order to review the design goals and requirements proposed in the previous paper. Then, CDML tag structure and CDML application programming interface (API) are introduced in logic order. At the end, the roles of GPCDM, CDML and its API in the multi-source corrosion data integration and information sharing are highlighted and projected.
文摘Cross-country comparison reveals an unusually small service sector in China. Using firm-level data from Chinas 2008 economic census, we find two facts that speak to a novel mechanism of misallocation within service and between manufacturing and service sectors. First, compared with the manufacturing sector, there are more stateowned enterprises and fewer entrants in the service sector. Second, markups increase with firm size, and the increase is more dramatic among service firms. We interpret these facts through the lens of a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups. A multisector model shows a new channel that translates asymmetric barriers to entry across sectors into sectoral markup differences, which in turn cause sectoral misallocation. Quantitative analysis shows that when reducing entry barriers to service firms to the extent observed for manufacturing firms, the model predicts a 12-percentage-point increase in the service employment share.
基金Tenglong Zhong is grateful for the support by the Youth Project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71903003)the Program for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economics+1 种基金Ming Xu is grateflil for support from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Think Tank Basic Research Project from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(No.2020P05)the Major Project of Research and Interpretation of the Spirit of the 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences(No.21ZDA021).
文摘Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based competitive multi-product firms increase product markups significantly,particularly for core products,whereas cost-based competitive multi-product firms respond by reducing product markups.The reason for this is that positive foreign demand affects markups through two opposite channels:pro-innovative effects and pro-competitive ejfects.Pro-innovative effects are predominant among quality-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by increasing product quality,prices,and markups.Pro-competitive ejfects are predominant among cost-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by lowering product cost,prices,and markups.We demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms empirically.The results imply that firms with different competition strategies should adopt different measures in response to foreign demand shocks.
文摘目的评估新疆地区“药品零差率”政策对心脑血管疾病患者住院费用结构及次均费用的影响,为完善公立医院补偿机制与控费政策提供依据。方法基于新疆某三甲综合公立医院2016年1月-2023年12月心脑血管疾病患者住院费用数据,本研究聚焦次均住院费用、次均西药费用及费用构成等核心指标,采用间断时间序列分析(Interrupted time series analysis,ITSA)量化了政策带来的费用水平与趋势的即时与长期变化,并结合结构变动度模型揭示了各分项费用的结构变动贡献率。结果与政策实施前比较,实施后次均住院费用短期内显著下降(β_(2)=-12754.66,P<0.05),长期呈缓慢回升趋势(β_(1)+β_(3)=107.40,P<0.05);西药费用占比下降,次均西药费用控制未达显著(P≥0.05)。医院通过增加检查费、化验费等医疗服务性收入(累计贡献率43.87%)弥补药品收入损失,存在将成本从药品转向检查、化验等医疗服务项目的风险。结论“药品零差率”政策短期内降低住院费用,但需深化医疗、医保、医药领域的协同改革,强化疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis related groups,DRG)付费、耗材集采等协同措施,遏制隐性成本转移,巩固政策成效。
