Liquid marbles （non-stick droplets） containing crude petroleum are reported. Liquid marbles were ob- tained by use of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane （FD-POSS） powder. Marbles containing crud...Liquid marbles （non-stick droplets） containing crude petroleum are reported. Liquid marbles were ob- tained by use of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane （FD-POSS） powder. Marbles containing crude petroleum remained stable on a broad diversity of solid and liquid supports. The effective surface tension of marbles filled with petroleum was established. The mechanism of friction of the marbles is discussed. Actuation of liquid marbles containing crude petroleum with an electric field is presented.展开更多
Ruby-bearing marbles of the Southern Ural Mountains are developed in the metamorphic perimeter of granites-gneisses domes where high grade metamorphic granitization and diaphthoresis have occurred.Geological research ...Ruby-bearing marbles of the Southern Ural Mountains are developed in the metamorphic perimeter of granites-gneisses domes where high grade metamorphic granitization and diaphthoresis have occurred.Geological research into the development and occurrence of ruby-bearing marbles indicate that they formed as a result of repeated transformation.Their substrate consisted of an organogenous marine limestone containing Visean faunal remains.Intensive Mg metasomatism of limestone during early progressive stages of metamorphism resulted in a substrate of dolomite composition containing faunal remains with a calcite composition.Increased temperature and pressure resulted in metamorphism of early Mg metasomatites,turning them into fine-grained marble containing Visean faunal remains.Tensional stresses near the intrusive domes resulted in dedolomitization of early Mg metasomatites,giving rise to light,coarse-grained calcite marbles having polygonal-grained structure.Such carbonaceous marbles became metamorphosed around the perimeter of granite-gneiss massifs.Their rheological properties allowed for plastic flow in these marbles into areas of tectonic neutrality,forming bodies of rheomorphic marbles,sometimes even among marbled limestone.Relict bodies of Mg metasomatites underwent boudinage and rotation.Flow cleavage occurred in axial blocks of inter-dome structures and in their steep walls.Therefore platy jointing(banding,pseudo-lamination)formed in the marbles.Thickness of the plates is from several millimeters to 2-3m.Calcite underwent recrystallization with extension of grain size in the central parts of plates,sometimes amounting to 15-25cm in cross-section.Ruby-bearing marbles consist of Mg-calcite.The rock is coarse-grained,with a panidiomorphic texture.Schistosity is often observed in the plane of cleavage.Mg-calcite marble occurs among and grades into background calcite marbles,which are controlled by cleavage of flowing.It is supposed that the ruby-bearing Mg-calcite marbles bodies are elongated in the direction of dip.Their formation is caused by recrystallization under the action of rising metamorphogenic fluids at high temperatures and higher pressures(amphibolitic and epidote-amphibolitic facies).Ruby-bearing marbles formed at the end of the prograde stage of metamorphism.The early retrograde stage of metamorphism is defined by a new wave of Mg metasomatism and formation of calcite-dolomitic marbles with a poikiloblastic texture from calcite or Mg-calcite marbles.Usually the boundaries of the bodies are clear,planar,and controlled by cleavage.Studies of small bodies have shown that they are elongated in the direction of dip.Usually they contain pink corundum and/or pink spinel;red corundum is replaced by red spinel.Thus the initial marine limestones were transformed into various marbles and completely lost their primary composition and bedding as a result of metamorphism,deformation,and metasomatic transformation.Ruby-spinel mineralization in marbles is controlled by cleavage.展开更多
Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphi...Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphism during subduction, and later retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Inherited （detrital） and metamorphic zircons were distinguished on the basis of transmitted light microscopy, cathodoluminescence （CL） imaging, trace element contents and mineral inclusions. The distribution of mineral inclusions combined with CL imaging of the metamorphic zircon make it possible to relate zircon zones （domains） to different metamorphic stages. Domain 1 consists of rounded, oblong and spindly cores with dark-luminescent images, and contains quartz eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under high-pressure （HP） metamorphic conditions of T = 571-668℃ and P =1.7-2.02 GPa. Domain 2 always surrounds domain 1 or occurs as rounded and spindly cores with white-luminescent images. It contains coesite eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under UHP metamorphic conditions of T = 782-849℃ and P 〉 5.5 GPa. Domain 3, with gray-luminescent images, always surrounds domain 2 and occurs as the outermost zircon rim. It is characterized by low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblages, which are related to regional amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of T = 600- 710℃ and P = 0.7-1.2 GPa. The three metamorphic zircon domains have distinct ages; sample H1 from the Dabie terrane yielded SHRIMP ages of 245 ± 4 Ma for domain 1, 235 ± 3 Ma for domain 2 and 215± 6 Ma for domain 3, whereas sample H2 from the Sulu terrane yielded similar ages of 244 ± 4 Ma, 233 ± 4 Ma and 214 ± 5 Ma for Domains 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ages of these zones suggest that subduction to UHP depths took place over 10-11 Ma and exhumation of the rocks occurred over a period of 19-20 Ma. Thus, subduction from - 55 km to 〉 160 km deep mantle depth took place at rates of approximately 9.5-10.5 km/Ma and exhumation from depths 〉160 km to the base of the crust at -30 km occurred at approximately 6.5 km/Ma. We propose a model for these rocks involving deep subduction of continental margin lithosphere followed by ultrafast exhumation driven by buoyancy forces after break-off of the UHP slab deep within the mantle.展开更多
Determining the contents of F,S(total),and Cl in the studied samples of the limestone and marbles with high calcite contents was carried out by the nondestructive method of WDXRFS(Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluoresce...Determining the contents of F,S(total),and Cl in the studied samples of the limestone and marbles with high calcite contents was carried out by the nondestructive method of WDXRFS(Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry).All measurements were performed in a vacuum condition using a WDXRF spectrometer S8 TIGER(Bruker AXS,Germany).The studied samples have wide ranges of F,S(total),and Cl contents,and high concentration of calcite(89.5%-99%).Main objective of this research is to develop WDXRF(WD X-ray fluorescence)technique for the determination of F,S(total),and Cl.The calculated values of the ILD(instrumental limit of the detection)were within the interval from 3 for S(total)to 37 for F mg/kg.The repeatability was found to be satisfactory with the relative standard deviations lower than 7%.展开更多
The radioactivity of 15 kinds of different granites collected in Tunisia was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations for primordial radionuc...The radioactivity of 15 kinds of different granites collected in Tunisia was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations for primordial radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K were respectively 33.24, 8.01 and 116.98 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations ranged from 3.59 to 87.37 Bq/kg for 238U, from 0.45 to 25.34 Bq/kg for 232Th and from 24.06 to 380.23 Bq/kg for 40K. The measured activity concentrations were used to assess of the radium equivalent activity ranged from 22.2 to 995.8 Bq/kg, the absorbed dose rate in air from 7 to 1209 nGy/h and the internal (0.1 to 2.8) and external (0.1 to 2.7) hazard indices. The data obtained in this study may be useful for natural radioactivity mapping.展开更多
Liquid marbles(LMs)have become a focal point in microfluidics for their efficient manipulation of small liquid volumes.These non-wetting droplets,typically coated with hydrophobic particles,offer enhanced stability,re...Liquid marbles(LMs)have become a focal point in microfluidics for their efficient manipulation of small liquid volumes.These non-wetting droplets,typically coated with hydrophobic particles,offer enhanced stability,reduced evaporation and diverse utility,distinguishing them from bare droplets.This review examines advancements in LMs from 2014 to 2024,focusing on their rapid formation,robust manipulation,and revolutionary applications-termed the“3R trilogy.”We delve into the generation mechanisms,analyzing laboratory and engineering production techniques,and explore how surface particles affect LMs’physicochemical properties.The structural dynamics and motion control of LMs are investigated,detailing their response to external forces and environmental factors.The review also highlights the state-of-the-art applications of LMs in digital microfluidics,biochemical analysis,materials synthesis,environmental monitoring,soft robotics,and energy harvesting.Concluding with a discussion on significant progress and future development trends,this review provides insights and ideas for broader applications of LM-based microfluidic platforms.展开更多
Maternal care in crayfish has been extensively studied,but little is known of its response to environmental factors.We studied the duration of maternal care and its association with the juvenile development of marbled...Maternal care in crayfish has been extensively studied,but little is known of its response to environmental factors.We studied the duration of maternal care and its association with the juvenile development of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis in adverse environmental conditions.We exposed females with developmental stage 3 juveniles to environments of low water volume(LW)with food provided,low water volume with no feed(starvation)(LWS),and low water volume without feeding plus an intruder(red swamp crayfish male)(LWSI).A control group with standard water level/feed conditions was included for comparison.Groups were monitored for up to 90 days.The LWS group showed significantly prolonged maternal care(~65 days)as indicated by an extended attachment phase,delayed moulting of mothers(~53 days),and retarded juvenile development.In the LWSI group,conflict precluded extended maternal care.Low use of shelter and feeding was evident under all stress conditions.The results showed that crayfish females modify maternal care in accordance with conditions,providing a longer period of safety for offspring under adverse circumstances.It is possible that the expression of maternal pheromones can manipulate the developmental rate in juveniles,a topic for future research.展开更多
The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-fail...The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-failure indiceso"warning about entrance into a critical stage,that of impending fracture,is explored.The acoustic activity is quantified in terms of the normalized number of acoustic hits,their average rate of production and their cumulative energy,and,the cumulative counts and their average rate of change.The electric activity is studied in terms of the pressure stimulated currents and the electric charge released.The analysis revealed that the acoustic and electric activities are linearly correlated to each other,suggesting that they are different manifestations of the same damage mechanisms.In addition,Kaiser's effect,governing the acoustic activity,is found to govern,also,the electric activity.Moreover,it is concluded that entrance into the critical stage is safely predicted by means of a simple criterion,based on the evolution of the average rate of change of the normalized cumulative counts in the natural time domain.These predictions are almost identical with those of the criterion based on the "varianceo" and the "entropies" of the time series of acoustic events in this domain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Renal tubular acidosis(RTA)refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by defective acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption,leading to metabolic acidosis.This case series presents three cases of ...BACKGROUND Renal tubular acidosis(RTA)refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by defective acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption,leading to metabolic acidosis.This case series presents three cases of RTA with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations.These cases emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive evaluation of RTA,considering both renal and systemic origins.CASE SUMMARY The first case describes a female patient with osteopetrosis-related RTA,diagnosed with Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome,emphasizing the importance of genetic assessment.The second case delineates RTA secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,associating tubular dysfunction with glomerular pathology.In the first two cases whole exome sequencing confirmed genetic diagnosis.The third case illuminates RTA as a complication of Graves’disease,highlighting autoimmune implications.CONCLUSION These cases underscore the interdisciplinary approach essential in RTA management.Understanding the diverse pathophysiology of RTA aids in tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.展开更多
It was during the Great Depression(2) in a small village. Food and money were still in very short supply and trading goods for other goods was very common.Mr. Miller sold some fresh produce on the roadside. I used to ...It was during the Great Depression(2) in a small village. Food and money were still in very short supply and trading goods for other goods was very common.Mr. Miller sold some fresh produce on the roadside. I used to trade things with him.One day when I paid for my potatoes.展开更多
Investigations on the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions from the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)-metamorphosed Shuanghe marbles, that occur as a member of a UHP slab, show that the δ18 O values range from +11.1% to+20....Investigations on the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions from the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)-metamorphosed Shuanghe marbles, that occur as a member of a UHP slab, show that the δ18 O values range from +11.1% to+20.5% SMOW, and δ13 C from+1.0% to+5.7% PDB, respectively. The variations in isotope compositions show a centimeter scale of homogeneity and a heterogeneity of regional scale larger than 1 meter.In contrast to the eclogite marbles from Norway, the Shuanghe marbles have inherited the carbon isotope compositions from their sedimentary precursor. The δ13C shows positive correlation to the content of dolomite. The depletion in18O, compared with the pmtolithic carbonate strata, might result from three possible geological processes: 1) exchanging oxygen isotope with meteoric water before the UHP metamorphism, 2) decarbonation during the UHP metamorphism, and 3) exchanging oxygen isotope with country gneiss at local scale during retrograde metamorphism.It seems that the advection of fluid in the orogenic belt was very limited during subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks.展开更多
Bubbles and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial processes.Studying their dynamic behaviors is of key importance for foam manufacturing processes in food packaging,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.Bare bubbl...Bubbles and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial processes.Studying their dynamic behaviors is of key importance for foam manufacturing processes in food packaging,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.Bare bubbles are inherently fragile and transient;enhancing their robustness and shelf lives is an ongoing challenge.Their rupture can be attributed to liquid evaporation,thin film drainage and the nuclei of environmental dust.Inspired by particle-stabilized interfaces in Pickering emulsions,armored bubbles and liquid marble,bubbles are protected by an enclosed particle-entrapping liquid thin film,and the resultant soft object is termed gas marble.The gas marble exhibits mechanical strength orders of magnitude higher than that of soap bubbles when subjected to overpressure and underpressure,owing to the compact particle monolayer straddling the surface liquid film.By using a water-absorbent glycerol solution,the resulting gas marble can persist for 465 d in normal atmospheric settings.This particle-stabilizing approach not only has practical implications for foam manufacturing processes but also can inspire the new design and fabrication of functional biomaterials and biomedicines.展开更多
Cellulose microspheres were fabricated on the basis of sol-gel transition using NaOH/urea/H_(2)O as the solvent system.These microspheres had an average diameter of about 30μm.Upon modification with Fe_(3)O_(4) and p...Cellulose microspheres were fabricated on the basis of sol-gel transition using NaOH/urea/H_(2)O as the solvent system.These microspheres had an average diameter of about 30μm.Upon modification with Fe_(3)O_(4) and poly(DOPAm-co-PFOEA),superhydrophobic magnetic cellulose microspheres were generated,which were analyzed by FTIR,TG,XRD,XPS and water contact angle tests.Magnetic cellulose microspheres contained approximately 15 wt%of Fe_(3)O_(4).Poly(DOPAm-co-PFOEA)/Fe_(3)O_(4)/cellulose microspheres and had a low surface energy and a high water-repellency.These superhydrophobic microspheres were also converted into liquid marbles via an easily scalable process.展开更多
This is a report of carbon isotope anomaly in marbles associated with the UHP eclogites from the Dabie Mountains. The results place constraints on the degree of crust_mantle interaction during the UHP metamorphism.
In order to decipher element mobility in UHP meta-sedimentary rocks in the continental subduction zone,major and trace element compositions are investigated for a continuous profile from a representative UHP region in...In order to decipher element mobility in UHP meta-sedimentary rocks in the continental subduction zone,major and trace element compositions are investigated for a continuous profile from a representative UHP region in the Dabie Mountains.Among the lithologic contact zone,contents of K,Ca,LREE,and LILE exhibit varying degrees of downward trends in both marble and eclogite toward the contact zone,indicating that marble and their associated eclogite can release a large amount of K,Ca,and a small number of LILEs and LREEs.Titanite is the main Ti phase in both marble and eclogite.Titanite rims around rutile can occasionally be seen in eclogite.Contents of Ti and HFSE exhibit a well-coupled relation among marble and eclogite,indicating that substantial Ti and HFSEs were migrated from eclogite to marble,in accord with the capacity of a melt medium.Rutiles and titanites in marble exhibit a relatively limited variation in Nb/Ta ratios(12.9-16.2),similar to those of titanites in eclogite(14.2-16.7),which demonstrates that rutiles and titanites in marble were sourced from eclogite because of short-distance migrations of Ti and HFSEs.According to the P-T path and the temperature and pressure conditions of the peak metamorphism reported by previous studies,the eclogite associated with marble may not form supercritical fluids in the subduction zone because of the addition of carbonate minerals.展开更多
The initial micro-cracks affect the evolution characteristics of macroscopic deformation and failure of rock but are often ignored in theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and mechanical experiments.In this stu...The initial micro-cracks affect the evolution characteristics of macroscopic deformation and failure of rock but are often ignored in theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and mechanical experiments.In this study,we propose a quantitative analysis model to investigate the effects of initial micro-cracks on the evolution of marble deformation and failure.The relationship between the micro-crack propagation and the marble failure characteristics was comprehensively studied by combining theoretical analysis with a micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning technique.We found that with the increase of confining pressure,the matrix elastic modulus of the marble first increased and then tended to be stable,while the micro-cracks increased exponentially.The sensitivity ranges of the marble sample matrix elastic modulus and micro-cracks to confining pressure were 0–30 MPa and 30–50 MPa,respectively.The porosity and Poisson’s ratio decreased exponentially.The increasing proportion of internal micro-cracks led to an increase in the sample non-uniformity.The samples presented mainly shear failure under triaxial compression,and the failure angle decreased linearly with the increase of confining pressure.The convergence direction of cracks decreased gradually.This quantitative analysis model could accurately portray the relationship between the overall macroscopic deformation and the deviatoric stress of the samples at the compaction and the linear elastic stages,thus deepening the understanding of the stress–strain behavior of rocks.展开更多
Dilatancy is a fundamental volumetric growth behavior observed during loading and serves as a key index to comprehending the intricate nonlinear behavior and constitutive equation structure of rock.This study focuses ...Dilatancy is a fundamental volumetric growth behavior observed during loading and serves as a key index to comprehending the intricate nonlinear behavior and constitutive equation structure of rock.This study focuses on Jinping marble obtained from the Jinping Underground Laboratory in China at a depth of 2400 m.Various uniaxial and triaxial tests at different strain rates,along with constant confining pressure tests and reduced confining pressure tests under different confining pressures were conducted to analyze the mechanical response and dilatancy characteristics of the marble under four stress paths.Subsequently,a new empirical dilatancy coefficient is proposed based on the energy dissipation method.The results show that brittle failure characteristics of marble under uniaxial compression are more obvious with the strain rate increasing,and plastic failure characteristics of marble under triaxial compression are gradually strengthened.Furthermore,compared to the constant confining pressure,the volume expansion is relatively lower under unloading condition.The energy dissipation is closely linked to the process of dilatancy,with a rapid increase of dissipated energy coinciding with the beginning of dilatancy.A new empirical dilatancy coefficient is defined according to the change trend of energy dissipation rate curve,of which change trend is consistent with the actual dilatancy response in marble under different stress paths.The existing empirical and theoretical dilatancy models are analyzed,which shows that the empirical dilatancy coefficient based on the energy background is more universal.展开更多
基金made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research(Grant 52043-UR5)
文摘Liquid marbles （non-stick droplets） containing crude petroleum are reported. Liquid marbles were ob- tained by use of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane （FD-POSS） powder. Marbles containing crude petroleum remained stable on a broad diversity of solid and liquid supports. The effective surface tension of marbles filled with petroleum was established. The mechanism of friction of the marbles is discussed. Actuation of liquid marbles containing crude petroleum with an electric field is presented.
文摘Ruby-bearing marbles of the Southern Ural Mountains are developed in the metamorphic perimeter of granites-gneisses domes where high grade metamorphic granitization and diaphthoresis have occurred.Geological research into the development and occurrence of ruby-bearing marbles indicate that they formed as a result of repeated transformation.Their substrate consisted of an organogenous marine limestone containing Visean faunal remains.Intensive Mg metasomatism of limestone during early progressive stages of metamorphism resulted in a substrate of dolomite composition containing faunal remains with a calcite composition.Increased temperature and pressure resulted in metamorphism of early Mg metasomatites,turning them into fine-grained marble containing Visean faunal remains.Tensional stresses near the intrusive domes resulted in dedolomitization of early Mg metasomatites,giving rise to light,coarse-grained calcite marbles having polygonal-grained structure.Such carbonaceous marbles became metamorphosed around the perimeter of granite-gneiss massifs.Their rheological properties allowed for plastic flow in these marbles into areas of tectonic neutrality,forming bodies of rheomorphic marbles,sometimes even among marbled limestone.Relict bodies of Mg metasomatites underwent boudinage and rotation.Flow cleavage occurred in axial blocks of inter-dome structures and in their steep walls.Therefore platy jointing(banding,pseudo-lamination)formed in the marbles.Thickness of the plates is from several millimeters to 2-3m.Calcite underwent recrystallization with extension of grain size in the central parts of plates,sometimes amounting to 15-25cm in cross-section.Ruby-bearing marbles consist of Mg-calcite.The rock is coarse-grained,with a panidiomorphic texture.Schistosity is often observed in the plane of cleavage.Mg-calcite marble occurs among and grades into background calcite marbles,which are controlled by cleavage of flowing.It is supposed that the ruby-bearing Mg-calcite marbles bodies are elongated in the direction of dip.Their formation is caused by recrystallization under the action of rising metamorphogenic fluids at high temperatures and higher pressures(amphibolitic and epidote-amphibolitic facies).Ruby-bearing marbles formed at the end of the prograde stage of metamorphism.The early retrograde stage of metamorphism is defined by a new wave of Mg metasomatism and formation of calcite-dolomitic marbles with a poikiloblastic texture from calcite or Mg-calcite marbles.Usually the boundaries of the bodies are clear,planar,and controlled by cleavage.Studies of small bodies have shown that they are elongated in the direction of dip.Usually they contain pink corundum and/or pink spinel;red corundum is replaced by red spinel.Thus the initial marine limestones were transformed into various marbles and completely lost their primary composition and bedding as a result of metamorphism,deformation,and metasomatic transformation.Ruby-spinel mineralization in marbles is controlled by cleavage.
基金the National 973 Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology （Grant No. 2003CB716502） the Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40399143） +1 种基金 the German Science Foundation （DFG grant No. GE 1152/2-2 , WE2850/3- 1）.
文摘Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphism during subduction, and later retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Inherited （detrital） and metamorphic zircons were distinguished on the basis of transmitted light microscopy, cathodoluminescence （CL） imaging, trace element contents and mineral inclusions. The distribution of mineral inclusions combined with CL imaging of the metamorphic zircon make it possible to relate zircon zones （domains） to different metamorphic stages. Domain 1 consists of rounded, oblong and spindly cores with dark-luminescent images, and contains quartz eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under high-pressure （HP） metamorphic conditions of T = 571-668℃ and P =1.7-2.02 GPa. Domain 2 always surrounds domain 1 or occurs as rounded and spindly cores with white-luminescent images. It contains coesite eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under UHP metamorphic conditions of T = 782-849℃ and P 〉 5.5 GPa. Domain 3, with gray-luminescent images, always surrounds domain 2 and occurs as the outermost zircon rim. It is characterized by low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblages, which are related to regional amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of T = 600- 710℃ and P = 0.7-1.2 GPa. The three metamorphic zircon domains have distinct ages; sample H1 from the Dabie terrane yielded SHRIMP ages of 245 ± 4 Ma for domain 1, 235 ± 3 Ma for domain 2 and 215± 6 Ma for domain 3, whereas sample H2 from the Sulu terrane yielded similar ages of 244 ± 4 Ma, 233 ± 4 Ma and 214 ± 5 Ma for Domains 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ages of these zones suggest that subduction to UHP depths took place over 10-11 Ma and exhumation of the rocks occurred over a period of 19-20 Ma. Thus, subduction from - 55 km to 〉 160 km deep mantle depth took place at rates of approximately 9.5-10.5 km/Ma and exhumation from depths 〉160 km to the base of the crust at -30 km occurred at approximately 6.5 km/Ma. We propose a model for these rocks involving deep subduction of continental margin lithosphere followed by ultrafast exhumation driven by buoyancy forces after break-off of the UHP slab deep within the mantle.
文摘Determining the contents of F,S(total),and Cl in the studied samples of the limestone and marbles with high calcite contents was carried out by the nondestructive method of WDXRFS(Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry).All measurements were performed in a vacuum condition using a WDXRF spectrometer S8 TIGER(Bruker AXS,Germany).The studied samples have wide ranges of F,S(total),and Cl contents,and high concentration of calcite(89.5%-99%).Main objective of this research is to develop WDXRF(WD X-ray fluorescence)technique for the determination of F,S(total),and Cl.The calculated values of the ILD(instrumental limit of the detection)were within the interval from 3 for S(total)to 37 for F mg/kg.The repeatability was found to be satisfactory with the relative standard deviations lower than 7%.
文摘The radioactivity of 15 kinds of different granites collected in Tunisia was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations for primordial radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K were respectively 33.24, 8.01 and 116.98 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations ranged from 3.59 to 87.37 Bq/kg for 238U, from 0.45 to 25.34 Bq/kg for 232Th and from 24.06 to 380.23 Bq/kg for 40K. The measured activity concentrations were used to assess of the radium equivalent activity ranged from 22.2 to 995.8 Bq/kg, the absorbed dose rate in air from 7 to 1209 nGy/h and the internal (0.1 to 2.8) and external (0.1 to 2.7) hazard indices. The data obtained in this study may be useful for natural radioactivity mapping.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62204070Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2022A1515010054Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,Grant/Award Numbers:GXWD20220811151610001,RCBS20221008093249080。
文摘Liquid marbles(LMs)have become a focal point in microfluidics for their efficient manipulation of small liquid volumes.These non-wetting droplets,typically coated with hydrophobic particles,offer enhanced stability,reduced evaporation and diverse utility,distinguishing them from bare droplets.This review examines advancements in LMs from 2014 to 2024,focusing on their rapid formation,robust manipulation,and revolutionary applications-termed the“3R trilogy.”We delve into the generation mechanisms,analyzing laboratory and engineering production techniques,and explore how surface particles affect LMs’physicochemical properties.The structural dynamics and motion control of LMs are investigated,detailing their response to external forces and environmental factors.The review also highlights the state-of-the-art applications of LMs in digital microfluidics,biochemical analysis,materials synthesis,environmental monitoring,soft robotics,and energy harvesting.Concluding with a discussion on significant progress and future development trends,this review provides insights and ideas for broader applications of LM-based microfluidic platforms.
基金financially supported by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia No.GAJU 027/2022/Z and 065/2022/Zmade using facilities of the large research infrastructure supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic project CENAKVA(LM2023038).
文摘Maternal care in crayfish has been extensively studied,but little is known of its response to environmental factors.We studied the duration of maternal care and its association with the juvenile development of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis in adverse environmental conditions.We exposed females with developmental stage 3 juveniles to environments of low water volume(LW)with food provided,low water volume with no feed(starvation)(LWS),and low water volume without feeding plus an intruder(red swamp crayfish male)(LWSI).A control group with standard water level/feed conditions was included for comparison.Groups were monitored for up to 90 days.The LWS group showed significantly prolonged maternal care(~65 days)as indicated by an extended attachment phase,delayed moulting of mothers(~53 days),and retarded juvenile development.In the LWSI group,conflict precluded extended maternal care.Low use of shelter and feeding was evident under all stress conditions.The results showed that crayfish females modify maternal care in accordance with conditions,providing a longer period of safety for offspring under adverse circumstances.It is possible that the expression of maternal pheromones can manipulate the developmental rate in juveniles,a topic for future research.
文摘The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-failure indiceso"warning about entrance into a critical stage,that of impending fracture,is explored.The acoustic activity is quantified in terms of the normalized number of acoustic hits,their average rate of production and their cumulative energy,and,the cumulative counts and their average rate of change.The electric activity is studied in terms of the pressure stimulated currents and the electric charge released.The analysis revealed that the acoustic and electric activities are linearly correlated to each other,suggesting that they are different manifestations of the same damage mechanisms.In addition,Kaiser's effect,governing the acoustic activity,is found to govern,also,the electric activity.Moreover,it is concluded that entrance into the critical stage is safely predicted by means of a simple criterion,based on the evolution of the average rate of change of the normalized cumulative counts in the natural time domain.These predictions are almost identical with those of the criterion based on the "varianceo" and the "entropies" of the time series of acoustic events in this domain.
文摘BACKGROUND Renal tubular acidosis(RTA)refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by defective acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption,leading to metabolic acidosis.This case series presents three cases of RTA with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations.These cases emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive evaluation of RTA,considering both renal and systemic origins.CASE SUMMARY The first case describes a female patient with osteopetrosis-related RTA,diagnosed with Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome,emphasizing the importance of genetic assessment.The second case delineates RTA secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,associating tubular dysfunction with glomerular pathology.In the first two cases whole exome sequencing confirmed genetic diagnosis.The third case illuminates RTA as a complication of Graves’disease,highlighting autoimmune implications.CONCLUSION These cases underscore the interdisciplinary approach essential in RTA management.Understanding the diverse pathophysiology of RTA aids in tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.
文摘It was during the Great Depression(2) in a small village. Food and money were still in very short supply and trading goods for other goods was very common.Mr. Miller sold some fresh produce on the roadside. I used to trade things with him.One day when I paid for my potatoes.
基金Project supported by a U. S.-China cooperative project led by ProfCong Bolin of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Prof. J. G. Liou of the Department of Geological and Environmental SciencesStanford University by the Nationa
文摘Investigations on the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions from the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)-metamorphosed Shuanghe marbles, that occur as a member of a UHP slab, show that the δ18 O values range from +11.1% to+20.5% SMOW, and δ13 C from+1.0% to+5.7% PDB, respectively. The variations in isotope compositions show a centimeter scale of homogeneity and a heterogeneity of regional scale larger than 1 meter.In contrast to the eclogite marbles from Norway, the Shuanghe marbles have inherited the carbon isotope compositions from their sedimentary precursor. The δ13C shows positive correlation to the content of dolomite. The depletion in18O, compared with the pmtolithic carbonate strata, might result from three possible geological processes: 1) exchanging oxygen isotope with meteoric water before the UHP metamorphism, 2) decarbonation during the UHP metamorphism, and 3) exchanging oxygen isotope with country gneiss at local scale during retrograde metamorphism.It seems that the advection of fluid in the orogenic belt was very limited during subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22078197 and 52172283)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515012506).
文摘Bubbles and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial processes.Studying their dynamic behaviors is of key importance for foam manufacturing processes in food packaging,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.Bare bubbles are inherently fragile and transient;enhancing their robustness and shelf lives is an ongoing challenge.Their rupture can be attributed to liquid evaporation,thin film drainage and the nuclei of environmental dust.Inspired by particle-stabilized interfaces in Pickering emulsions,armored bubbles and liquid marble,bubbles are protected by an enclosed particle-entrapping liquid thin film,and the resultant soft object is termed gas marble.The gas marble exhibits mechanical strength orders of magnitude higher than that of soap bubbles when subjected to overpressure and underpressure,owing to the compact particle monolayer straddling the surface liquid film.By using a water-absorbent glycerol solution,the resulting gas marble can persist for 465 d in normal atmospheric settings.This particle-stabilizing approach not only has practical implications for foam manufacturing processes but also can inspire the new design and fabrication of functional biomaterials and biomedicines.
文摘Cellulose microspheres were fabricated on the basis of sol-gel transition using NaOH/urea/H_(2)O as the solvent system.These microspheres had an average diameter of about 30μm.Upon modification with Fe_(3)O_(4) and poly(DOPAm-co-PFOEA),superhydrophobic magnetic cellulose microspheres were generated,which were analyzed by FTIR,TG,XRD,XPS and water contact angle tests.Magnetic cellulose microspheres contained approximately 15 wt%of Fe_(3)O_(4).Poly(DOPAm-co-PFOEA)/Fe_(3)O_(4)/cellulose microspheres and had a low surface energy and a high water-repellency.These superhydrophobic microspheres were also converted into liquid marbles via an easily scalable process.
文摘This is a report of carbon isotope anomaly in marbles associated with the UHP eclogites from the Dabie Mountains. The results place constraints on the degree of crust_mantle interaction during the UHP metamorphism.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972198)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC4055)+2 种基金the Cooperation Foundation of Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny,Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryCAS(No.KLMM20180201)the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Central South University。
文摘In order to decipher element mobility in UHP meta-sedimentary rocks in the continental subduction zone,major and trace element compositions are investigated for a continuous profile from a representative UHP region in the Dabie Mountains.Among the lithologic contact zone,contents of K,Ca,LREE,and LILE exhibit varying degrees of downward trends in both marble and eclogite toward the contact zone,indicating that marble and their associated eclogite can release a large amount of K,Ca,and a small number of LILEs and LREEs.Titanite is the main Ti phase in both marble and eclogite.Titanite rims around rutile can occasionally be seen in eclogite.Contents of Ti and HFSE exhibit a well-coupled relation among marble and eclogite,indicating that substantial Ti and HFSEs were migrated from eclogite to marble,in accord with the capacity of a melt medium.Rutiles and titanites in marble exhibit a relatively limited variation in Nb/Ta ratios(12.9-16.2),similar to those of titanites in eclogite(14.2-16.7),which demonstrates that rutiles and titanites in marble were sourced from eclogite because of short-distance migrations of Ti and HFSEs.According to the P-T path and the temperature and pressure conditions of the peak metamorphism reported by previous studies,the eclogite associated with marble may not form supercritical fluids in the subduction zone because of the addition of carbonate minerals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272119 and U1965101).
文摘The initial micro-cracks affect the evolution characteristics of macroscopic deformation and failure of rock but are often ignored in theoretical calculation,numerical simulation,and mechanical experiments.In this study,we propose a quantitative analysis model to investigate the effects of initial micro-cracks on the evolution of marble deformation and failure.The relationship between the micro-crack propagation and the marble failure characteristics was comprehensively studied by combining theoretical analysis with a micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning technique.We found that with the increase of confining pressure,the matrix elastic modulus of the marble first increased and then tended to be stable,while the micro-cracks increased exponentially.The sensitivity ranges of the marble sample matrix elastic modulus and micro-cracks to confining pressure were 0–30 MPa and 30–50 MPa,respectively.The porosity and Poisson’s ratio decreased exponentially.The increasing proportion of internal micro-cracks led to an increase in the sample non-uniformity.The samples presented mainly shear failure under triaxial compression,and the failure angle decreased linearly with the increase of confining pressure.The convergence direction of cracks decreased gradually.This quantitative analysis model could accurately portray the relationship between the overall macroscopic deformation and the deviatoric stress of the samples at the compaction and the linear elastic stages,thus deepening the understanding of the stress–strain behavior of rocks.
基金Project(2022NSFSC0279)supported by the General Project of Sichuan Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(Z17113)supported by the Key Scientific Research Fund of Xihua University,ChinaProject(SR21A04)supported by the Research Center for Social Development and Social Risk Control of Sichuan Province,Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences,Sichuan University,China。
文摘Dilatancy is a fundamental volumetric growth behavior observed during loading and serves as a key index to comprehending the intricate nonlinear behavior and constitutive equation structure of rock.This study focuses on Jinping marble obtained from the Jinping Underground Laboratory in China at a depth of 2400 m.Various uniaxial and triaxial tests at different strain rates,along with constant confining pressure tests and reduced confining pressure tests under different confining pressures were conducted to analyze the mechanical response and dilatancy characteristics of the marble under four stress paths.Subsequently,a new empirical dilatancy coefficient is proposed based on the energy dissipation method.The results show that brittle failure characteristics of marble under uniaxial compression are more obvious with the strain rate increasing,and plastic failure characteristics of marble under triaxial compression are gradually strengthened.Furthermore,compared to the constant confining pressure,the volume expansion is relatively lower under unloading condition.The energy dissipation is closely linked to the process of dilatancy,with a rapid increase of dissipated energy coinciding with the beginning of dilatancy.A new empirical dilatancy coefficient is defined according to the change trend of energy dissipation rate curve,of which change trend is consistent with the actual dilatancy response in marble under different stress paths.The existing empirical and theoretical dilatancy models are analyzed,which shows that the empirical dilatancy coefficient based on the energy background is more universal.
