Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government effort...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government efforts to formalize TCM practice,initiatives such as the establishment of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine(T&CM)Division in 2004 and the gazettement of the T&CM Act 2016 have been implemented.However,TCM remains underutilized among the Malay population,primarily due to cultural,religious,and linguistic factors.This paper explored the knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns regarding TCM of Malay people who visited the Urban Transformation Centre(UTC)in Shah Alam between October 2023 and January 2024.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at UTC Shah Alam in Selangor,Malaysia,using stratified sampling.A validated questionnaire was used to assess demographic information,knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns related to TCM.Among the respondents,both attitude and behavior pattern scores were generally positive.Financial status was identified as a significant factor influencing both attitudes and behavior patterns.Halal certification was identified as a key factor affecting the acceptance of Chinese herbal medicine.The findings suggest that possible pathways to broaden engagement would include increased availability of halal-certified TCM products,and clearer regulatory guidelines.Collaborative efforts that respect and incorporate local traditional practices,alongside support for localized TCM education,may contribute to greater inclusion.This localized model not only addresses specific community health challenges,but also offers perspectives into the potential role of traditional medicine in the global health landscape through cultural exchange and mutual learning.展开更多
AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.METHODS:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire w...AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.METHODS:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire was used in the current study.A prospective sample of 232 Malay subjects(80% power) was initially screened.Using a stratified random sampling strategy,a total of 221 Malay subjects(112 subjects in a "full time job" and 109 subjects in "no full time job") were recruited.Subjects were visitors(friends and relatives) within the hospital compound and were representative of the local community.Red flags and psychosocial alarm symptoms were also assessed in the current study using previously translated and validated questionnaires.Subjects with IBS were sub-typed into constipation-predominant,diarrhea-predominant,mixed type and un-subtyped.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for association between socioeconomic factors and presence of red flags and psychosocial alarm features among the Malays with IBS.RESULTS:IBS was present in 10.9%(24/221),red flags in 22.2%(49/221) and psychosocial alarm features in 9.0%(20/221).Red flags were more commonly reported in subjects with IBS(83.3%) than psychosocial alarm features(20.8%,P < 0.001).Subjects with IBS were older(mean age 41.4 years vs 36.9 years,P = 0.08),but no difference in gender was noted(P = 0.4).Using univariable analysis,IBS was significantly associated with a tertiary education,high individual income above RM1000,married status,exsmoker and the presence of red flags(all P < 0.05).In multiple logistic regression analysis,only the presence of red flags was significantly associated with IBS(odds ratio:0.02,95%CI:0.004-0.1,P < 0.001).The commonest IBS sub-type was mixed type(58.3%),followed by constipation-predominant(20.8%),diarrheapredominant(16.7%) and un-subtyped(4.2%).Four of 13 Malay females(30.8%) with IBS also had menstrual pain.Most subjects with IBS had at least one red flag(70.8%),12.5% had two red flags and 16.7% with no red flags.The commonest red flag was a bowel habit change in subjects > 50 years old and this was reported by 16.7% of subjects with IBS.CONCLUSION:Using the Rome Ⅲ criteria,IBS was common among ethnic Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.展开更多
AIM: To identify genes associated with gastric pre-cancerous lesions in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori )susceptible ethnic Malays. METHODS: Twenty-three Malay subjects with H. pylori infection and gastric precancerous...AIM: To identify genes associated with gastric pre-cancerous lesions in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori )susceptible ethnic Malays. METHODS: Twenty-three Malay subjects with H. pylori infection and gastric precancerous lesions identified during endoscopy were included as "cases". Thirtyseven Malay subjects who were H. pylori negative and had no precancerous lesions were included as "controls". Venous blood was collected for genotyping with Affymetrix 50K Xba1 kit. Genotypes with call rates < 90% for autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were excluded. For each precancerous lesion, associated SNPs were identified from Manhattan plots, and only SNPs with a χ2 P value < 0.05 and Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium P value > 0.5 was considered as significant markers. RESULTS: Of the 23 H. pylori -positive subjects recruited, one sample was excluded from further analysis due to a low genotyping call rate. Of the 22 H. pylori positive samples, atrophic gastritis only was present in 50.0%, complete intestinal metaplasia was present in 18.25%, both incomplete intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia was present in 22.7%, and dysplasia only was present in 9.1%. SNPs rs9315542 (UFM1 gene), rs6878265 (THBS4 gene), rs1042194 (CYP2C19 gene) and rs10505799 (MGST1 gene) were significantly associated with atrophic gastritis, complete intestinal metaplasia, incomplete metaplasia with foci of dysplasia and dysplasia, respectively. Allele frequencies in "cases" vs "controls" for rs9315542, rs6878265, rs1042194 and rs10505799 were 0.4 vs 0.06, 0.6 vs 0.01, 0.6 vs 0.01 and 0.5 vs 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSION: Genetic variants possibly related to gastric precancerous lesions in ethnic Malays susceptible to H. pylori infection were identified for testing in subsequent trials.展开更多
This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional ...This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices;2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit;3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data;4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.展开更多
Genesis of the so-called Bentong-Raub Suture of Malay Peninsula does not fit to the model of subduction-related collision.It has evolved from transpression tectonics resulting closure and exhumation of the inland basi...Genesis of the so-called Bentong-Raub Suture of Malay Peninsula does not fit to the model of subduction-related collision.It has evolved from transpression tectonics resulting closure and exhumation of the inland basin which underwent extensive back-arc extension during Triassic.Crust having similar thickness（average-35 km） below entire Malay Peninsula nagate collision of two separate continental blocks rather supports single continental block that collided with South China continental block during Permo-Triassic.Westward subduction of intervening sea（Proto South China Sea） below Malay Peninsula resulted in widespread I- and S-Type granitization and volcanism in the back-arc basins during Triassic.Extensive occurrence of Permo-Triassic Pahang volcanics of predominantly rhyolitic tuff suggest its derivation from back-arc extension.Back-arc extension,basin development and sedimentation of the central belt of the peninsula continued until Cretaceous.A-Type granite of metaluminous to peraluminous character indicates their emplacement in an intraplate tectonic setting.Malay Peninsula suffered an anticlockwise rotation due to the rifting of Luconia-Dangerous Grounds from the east Asia in the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary.Extensive ductile and brittle deformation including crustal segmentation,pull-apart fracturing and faulting occurred during the closure and exhumation of the basins developed in the peninsula during Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary.Crustal shortening in the central belt of the peninsula has been accomodated through strike-slip displacement,shearing and uplift.展开更多
This study aims to explore the cultural identity of Chinese related to their self-perception, their perception of Malays, and their communication with the Malays in Bangka Island, Indonesia, emphasizing the Chinese in...This study aims to explore the cultural identity of Chinese related to their self-perception, their perception of Malays, and their communication with the Malays in Bangka Island, Indonesia, emphasizing the Chinese intercultural communication competence in terms of their self-presentation in business relationships with the Malays. The study employed an interpretive approach, more specifically the symbolic interactionlst and dramaturgical tradition. The researchers focused on intercultural communication experiences and competence as enacted by the 25 Chinese in the area of the research. The study used in-depth interviews with the Chinese as the main method with some observation of the Chinese communication with the Malays. The researchers also interviewed eight Malays as additional subjects of the research to corroborate the research findings. The study found that the Chinese in Bangka Island perceived themselves as open and willing to mingle with the Malays They are hospitable, hardworking, tenacious, frugal, and fond of maintaining long-term relationships. In contrast, in the Chinese view, the Malays are open and willing to mingle with others, obedient to the teachings of Islam, but they are lazy and are keen on being flattered, consumptive, and easily seduced. In terms of their intercultural communication competence, the Chinese are skillful in their self-presentation by employing various verbal and nonverbal tactics to adjust themselves to the interpersonal, group, and business situations where they encounter the Malays in their everyday lives展开更多
Introduction: Currently, own individual perception is recognized as one of the important factors in the prevention of disease, including coronavirus disease, COVID-19. Given the massive impact of COVID-19 on all popul...Introduction: Currently, own individual perception is recognized as one of the important factors in the prevention of disease, including coronavirus disease, COVID-19. Given the massive impact of COVID-19 on all population’s life, including nurses as one of the main health services providers in the country, this study aims to translate and validate the Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses. Materials and Methods: Forward and backward translations and pretesting of the BIP-Q5 to Malay were conducted among nurses, subject matter experts, and language professionals. The validations process was elicited through an online cross-sectional study involving 56 nurses based on a ~10:1 subject-to-items ratio sample size estimations. Results: The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed one best component with eigenvalues more than one, confirming the questionnaire’s original version. There are five items within the single component, and all are with weightage of over 43%. The scree plot supported the findings, which showed that at least one factors are suitable to be retained. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.7 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.659. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.655, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity p-value was Conclusion: This study showed that the translated Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 has a good psychometric property, and is a valid and reliable tool to be used to measure illness perceptions towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses.展开更多
Background： Minangkabau Malays （Melayu Minangkabau） is one of the Malay sub ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, migration of the Minangs from West Sumatra to the sta...Background： Minangkabau Malays （Melayu Minangkabau） is one of the Malay sub ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, migration of the Minangs from West Sumatra to the state of Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus in Peninsular Malaysia took place and their descendants now form the main sub ethnic group in this state. The genetic polymorphisms of Y chromosome at DYS 287 locus were analyzed in Minangkahau Malays. Methods： A total of 41 buccal cells from healthy unrelated individual＇s males from Minangkabau Malays were typed for the DYS 287. The PCR products were separated on 2% （w/v） agarose gel followed by visualization under UV light. Results： Three out of 41 samples （7.32%） showed insertion （YAP＋） polymorphism, while the rest of the samples （92.68%） showed deletion （YAP-） polymorphism. This is the first report concerning the YAP in Malay population at Peninsular Malysia. Conclusion： The vAluable data obtained in this study will contribute to fill in the gap in the knowledge of YAP distribution in Malaysian population and will allow continuous interpretation of the evolution of YAP.展开更多
“Driven by the motto Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa (language is the soul of a nation), Wu Zongyu has devoted his life to the promotion of the Malay language,” declared Malaysian media of Wu, a pioneer of Malay language educati...“Driven by the motto Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa (language is the soul of a nation), Wu Zongyu has devoted his life to the promotion of the Malay language,” declared Malaysian media of Wu, a pioneer of Malay language education in China. Over the past 50 years, Wu has contributed his wisdom and passion to Malay teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) and trained many students who now wield a good command of Malay.展开更多
Literacy and numeracy screening(LINUS)is a program implemented by the Malaysia Ministry of Education in primary schools nationwide to increase literacy skills of students in year 1–3.This study aimed at assessing the...Literacy and numeracy screening(LINUS)is a program implemented by the Malaysia Ministry of Education in primary schools nationwide to increase literacy skills of students in year 1–3.This study aimed at assessing the LINUS program implemented since 2010.Model of Critical Literacy by Freebody and Luke(1990)was applied in this study.Reading and writing tests for Malay language subject were developed from the module of LINUS program and conducted on 120 students from three different types of schools,namely national schools,national-type Chinese schools,and national-type Tamil schools.The results showed that the level of reading and writing of students was average.One-way analysis of variance tests showed significant differences between ethnic and type of schools with the reading and writing proficiency of the students;students of national schools scored the highest in reading test whereas the students of national-type Chinese school performed the best in writing test.In contrast,family socioeconomic status of the students did not influence their reading and writing proficiency.Therefore,teachers should take into account ethnic and type of schools in implementing the LINUS program as the main factors determining the level of literacy,achievement,and success of the LINUS program.展开更多
Malaysia is known throughout the world for its multiculturalism.As a multiple ethnic country,many countries are looking on Malaysia as a great example of peaceful co-existence races and belief where all the ethnic gro...Malaysia is known throughout the world for its multiculturalism.As a multiple ethnic country,many countries are looking on Malaysia as a great example of peaceful co-existence races and belief where all the ethnic groups in Malaysia live together in harmony and enrich the country's cultural lifestyle.Within that,Malaysia also consists of a collective blend of food,traditions,clothing and customs.Towards that,traditional dance is the treasure of art and culture.Therefore,with modern era and technology nowadays,it has led the younger generation care less about traditional dance.Beside,a printed media such as bunting,banners and pamphlets are less effective in promoting the traditional dance.By concerning this,this research study aims to preserving the traditional dance among young generation towards new media technology.In explaining the issues,a case study through quantitative approaches of questionnaires survey and interviews was used in studied the uniqueness of traditional Malay dance and further proposes a new approach for preserving the traditional Malay dance awareness among the young generation.The research significantly impacts the publics particularly on the new generation towards uniqueness of traditional dance in Malaysia.It is also contributes to the National Heritage Department and the National Arts and Culture Department where the documentation could be used as a collection of cultural and heritage books in the form of new media technology for young generation.展开更多
.Since Malaysia's independence,the relationship between the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups(Malay/Chinese)and the relationship between the Malay and Indian ethnic groups(Malay/Indian)have been two of the most sign....Since Malaysia's independence,the relationship between the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups(Malay/Chinese)and the relationship between the Malay and Indian ethnic groups(Malay/Indian)have been two of the most significant political issues in the country.While both belong to the category of indigenous groups and immigrant relations in Malaysia,there are fundamental differences between these two relationships.This paper argues that the Malay/Chinese relationship is a long-standing ethnic conflict caused by social class disputes,characterized by economic disparities,cultural clashes,and structural factors such as colonial history.In contrast,the Malay/Indian relationship is primarily a short-term regional conflict triggered by unexpected events.The ethnic stratification in the Malay/Chinese relationship,formed on the basis of economic differences,has become a structural condition,and the historical friction since the British and Japanese colonial periods has further exacerbated the situation.For Malaysia to build a truly equal and mutually respectful multicultural society,many areas still require significant efforts.展开更多
Weathering products of silicate rocks are particularly useful for evaluating the continental chemical weathering on the Earth's surface and its mechanism.Clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of surface s...Weathering products of silicate rocks are particularly useful for evaluating the continental chemical weathering on the Earth's surface and its mechanism.Clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of surface sediment samples collected in major rivers of Malay Peninsula and North Borneo in the tropical Southeast Asian region are used to study the present chemical weathering process and its controlling factors of tropical regions.The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage in Malay Peninsula consists dominantly of kaolinite(average 80%) and minor illite(average 17%),almost without chlorite and smectite,whereas in North Borneo it consists mainly of illite and chlorite,with minor amounts of kaolinite(average 14%) and no smectite.Total contents of illite and chlorite in both Northwest and Northeast Borneo are 84% and 87%,respectively.Major-element geochemical results of both bulk and clay-fraction sediments show intensive chemical weathering degree for both areas.Relatively,the chemical weathering degree is gradually strengthened from Northeast Borneo,Northwest Borneo,to Malay Peninsula,and it is extremely intensive in Malay Peninsula.Our results indicate that,in the tropical Southeast Asian region exampled by Malay Peninsula and Borneo,climatic condition of tropical warm temperature and East Asian monsoon rainfall is the first-order controlling factor on the chemical weathering,resulting in intensive chemical weathering throughout tropical areas,and tectonic activity and lithology of parent rocks are subordinate factors,which still have an important impact on the weathering products,forming completely different clay mineral assemblages between Malay Peninsula and Borneo.展开更多
Population growth leads to increased utilization of water resources.One of these resources is groundwater,which has steadily declined each year.The depletion of these resources brings about various environmental chall...Population growth leads to increased utilization of water resources.One of these resources is groundwater,which has steadily declined each year.The depletion of these resources brings about various environmental challenges.The present study aimed to explore the relationship between groundwater fluctuations and land subsidence in the Malayer Plain,Iran,focusing on quantifying subsidence resulting from groundwater extraction.Using Sentinel-1 satellite data(2014–2019)and monthly piezometric measurements(1996–2018),the analysis revealed an average deformation velocity of–6.3 cm yr–1,with accumulated subsidence of–32 cm over the 2014–2019 period.The maximum subsidence rate reached 10.3 cm yr–1 in areas of intensive agricultural activity.A wavelet-PCA spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater fluctuations identified critical multi-scale patterns strongly correlated with subsidence trends.Regression analysis between subsidence rates and groundwater fluctuations at various wavelet decomposition levels explained 75%of the variance(R2=0.75),indicating that intermediate-scale groundwater declines were the primary drivers of subsidence.Furthermore,land use analysis using Landsat data(1999–2021)revealed a 6230-ha increase in irrigated farmland,contributing to heightened groundwater extraction and subsidence rates.These findings highlight the critical need for sustainable groundwater management to mitigate the risks of continued subsidence in the region.展开更多
Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in ...Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.展开更多
Ecological niche modeling has emerged as an useful tool in the investigation of the phylogeographic histories of species or communities in a region. The high biodiversity （oftentimes cryptic）, and complex geography ...Ecological niche modeling has emerged as an useful tool in the investigation of the phylogeographic histories of species or communities in a region. The high biodiversity （oftentimes cryptic）, and complex geography and geological history of Southeast Asia particularly call for multipronged approaches in phylogeographic investigations. Past studies have focused on taxa that are associated with lowland rainforests, which is the dominant natural vegetation type. Here, we combine published phylogenetic data, ecological niche modeling and paleo-climate models to reveal potential drivers of divergence in two open-forest bird species, the oriental magpie-robin Copsychus saularis and Coppersmith barbet Megalaima haemacephala. In spite of broad overlap in current distributions, there are subtle differences in their climatic niches, which result in different responses to past climatic changes. For C saularis, both Last Glacial Maximum climate models indicated that the entire Sundaland was climati- cally suitable, while phylogenetic analyses found divergent eastern and western Sundaland lineages. We thus postulate that this genetic divergence was a result of past separations of coastal habitats into eastern and western portions due to the emergence of Sunda shelf as sea-level fell. The current separation of morphological subspecies in Borneo is maintained by low climatic suitability （high annual rainfall） in certain regions. The extirpation of M. haemacephala from Borneo and southern Malay Peninsula might have been driven by unsuitable conditions （high temperature seasonality） in central Sundaland and/or the lack of open woodlands. Our study shows that ecological niche modeling adds a powerful dimension to our attempt to understand lineage evolution in space [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 922-934, 2015].展开更多
基金approved by the IMU Joint Committee on Research and Ethics(IMU-JC)on October 19th 2023.Approved institutional review board number is 4.10/JCM-275/2023.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was introduced to Malaysia in the 18th century by Chinese migrants and has since become a recognized part of the country’s pluralistic healthcare system.In line with government efforts to formalize TCM practice,initiatives such as the establishment of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine(T&CM)Division in 2004 and the gazettement of the T&CM Act 2016 have been implemented.However,TCM remains underutilized among the Malay population,primarily due to cultural,religious,and linguistic factors.This paper explored the knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns regarding TCM of Malay people who visited the Urban Transformation Centre(UTC)in Shah Alam between October 2023 and January 2024.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at UTC Shah Alam in Selangor,Malaysia,using stratified sampling.A validated questionnaire was used to assess demographic information,knowledge,attitudes,and behavior patterns related to TCM.Among the respondents,both attitude and behavior pattern scores were generally positive.Financial status was identified as a significant factor influencing both attitudes and behavior patterns.Halal certification was identified as a key factor affecting the acceptance of Chinese herbal medicine.The findings suggest that possible pathways to broaden engagement would include increased availability of halal-certified TCM products,and clearer regulatory guidelines.Collaborative efforts that respect and incorporate local traditional practices,alongside support for localized TCM education,may contribute to greater inclusion.This localized model not only addresses specific community health challenges,but also offers perspectives into the potential role of traditional medicine in the global health landscape through cultural exchange and mutual learning.
基金Supported by Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Award 2008
文摘AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.METHODS:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire was used in the current study.A prospective sample of 232 Malay subjects(80% power) was initially screened.Using a stratified random sampling strategy,a total of 221 Malay subjects(112 subjects in a "full time job" and 109 subjects in "no full time job") were recruited.Subjects were visitors(friends and relatives) within the hospital compound and were representative of the local community.Red flags and psychosocial alarm symptoms were also assessed in the current study using previously translated and validated questionnaires.Subjects with IBS were sub-typed into constipation-predominant,diarrhea-predominant,mixed type and un-subtyped.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for association between socioeconomic factors and presence of red flags and psychosocial alarm features among the Malays with IBS.RESULTS:IBS was present in 10.9%(24/221),red flags in 22.2%(49/221) and psychosocial alarm features in 9.0%(20/221).Red flags were more commonly reported in subjects with IBS(83.3%) than psychosocial alarm features(20.8%,P < 0.001).Subjects with IBS were older(mean age 41.4 years vs 36.9 years,P = 0.08),but no difference in gender was noted(P = 0.4).Using univariable analysis,IBS was significantly associated with a tertiary education,high individual income above RM1000,married status,exsmoker and the presence of red flags(all P < 0.05).In multiple logistic regression analysis,only the presence of red flags was significantly associated with IBS(odds ratio:0.02,95%CI:0.004-0.1,P < 0.001).The commonest IBS sub-type was mixed type(58.3%),followed by constipation-predominant(20.8%),diarrheapredominant(16.7%) and un-subtyped(4.2%).Four of 13 Malay females(30.8%) with IBS also had menstrual pain.Most subjects with IBS had at least one red flag(70.8%),12.5% had two red flags and 16.7% with no red flags.The commonest red flag was a bowel habit change in subjects > 50 years old and this was reported by 16.7% of subjects with IBS.CONCLUSION:Using the Rome Ⅲ criteria,IBS was common among ethnic Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)203/PPSP/6171121,1001/PPSP/812016 and 1001/PPSP/8122022 of Universiti Sains MalaysiaThe National Science Foundation of China grants,No.30971577and No.31171218+5 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program,No.11QA1407600the Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(KSCX2-EW-Q-1-11KSCX2-EW-R-01-05KSCX2-EW-J-15-05)the support of the National Program for Top-notch Young Innovative Talentsthe support of K.C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong
文摘AIM: To identify genes associated with gastric pre-cancerous lesions in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori )susceptible ethnic Malays. METHODS: Twenty-three Malay subjects with H. pylori infection and gastric precancerous lesions identified during endoscopy were included as "cases". Thirtyseven Malay subjects who were H. pylori negative and had no precancerous lesions were included as "controls". Venous blood was collected for genotyping with Affymetrix 50K Xba1 kit. Genotypes with call rates < 90% for autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were excluded. For each precancerous lesion, associated SNPs were identified from Manhattan plots, and only SNPs with a χ2 P value < 0.05 and Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium P value > 0.5 was considered as significant markers. RESULTS: Of the 23 H. pylori -positive subjects recruited, one sample was excluded from further analysis due to a low genotyping call rate. Of the 22 H. pylori positive samples, atrophic gastritis only was present in 50.0%, complete intestinal metaplasia was present in 18.25%, both incomplete intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia was present in 22.7%, and dysplasia only was present in 9.1%. SNPs rs9315542 (UFM1 gene), rs6878265 (THBS4 gene), rs1042194 (CYP2C19 gene) and rs10505799 (MGST1 gene) were significantly associated with atrophic gastritis, complete intestinal metaplasia, incomplete metaplasia with foci of dysplasia and dysplasia, respectively. Allele frequencies in "cases" vs "controls" for rs9315542, rs6878265, rs1042194 and rs10505799 were 0.4 vs 0.06, 0.6 vs 0.01, 0.6 vs 0.01 and 0.5 vs 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSION: Genetic variants possibly related to gastric precancerous lesions in ethnic Malays susceptible to H. pylori infection were identified for testing in subsequent trials.
文摘This study examines the construct validity and reliability of the Malay language questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) in women. Study Design: Random sampling design was used in this cross-sectional survey. Materials and Methods: The Americanized English language questionnaire was translated to the Malay language and distributed to community-dwelling Malaysian women living in various locations in Selangor. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 111 women completed the Malay language QUID in this pilot study. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.675 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 284.633, df = 15, p = 0.001) indicated that the EFA was possible. The total variance and the scree plot identified two factors above the initial eigenvalue of 1 while a third factor was just below it (0.758). The CFA output showed a recursive model with the solution being not admissible because two unobserved and exogenous variables had negative variance estimates. The following values of absolute fit indices showed an acceptable level of fit: 1) Chi-square test with χ2 = 4.997, df = 5, p = 0.416, indicated a smaller difference between the expected and observed covariance matrices;2) GFI = 0.986, AGFI = 0.939, RMR = 0.021 and CMIN/DF = 1.0 indicated acceptable level of fit;3) The baseline comparison values of NFI = 0.983 and CFI = 1.0 also indicated a good fit to the data;4) RMSEA = 0.000 was considered a perfect fit indicating that the hypothesized model was a good fit to the observed data. Under the hypothesis of “close fit”, the probability of getting a sample RMSEA as large as 0.000 was 0.567. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.823 indicated good reliability. Conclusion: The Malay language QUID is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing female urinary incontinence in the Malaysian population.
基金supported by the University Malaya Research Grant(UMRG) RP002A-13AFRthe support provided by the University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
文摘Genesis of the so-called Bentong-Raub Suture of Malay Peninsula does not fit to the model of subduction-related collision.It has evolved from transpression tectonics resulting closure and exhumation of the inland basin which underwent extensive back-arc extension during Triassic.Crust having similar thickness（average-35 km） below entire Malay Peninsula nagate collision of two separate continental blocks rather supports single continental block that collided with South China continental block during Permo-Triassic.Westward subduction of intervening sea（Proto South China Sea） below Malay Peninsula resulted in widespread I- and S-Type granitization and volcanism in the back-arc basins during Triassic.Extensive occurrence of Permo-Triassic Pahang volcanics of predominantly rhyolitic tuff suggest its derivation from back-arc extension.Back-arc extension,basin development and sedimentation of the central belt of the peninsula continued until Cretaceous.A-Type granite of metaluminous to peraluminous character indicates their emplacement in an intraplate tectonic setting.Malay Peninsula suffered an anticlockwise rotation due to the rifting of Luconia-Dangerous Grounds from the east Asia in the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary.Extensive ductile and brittle deformation including crustal segmentation,pull-apart fracturing and faulting occurred during the closure and exhumation of the basins developed in the peninsula during Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary.Crustal shortening in the central belt of the peninsula has been accomodated through strike-slip displacement,shearing and uplift.
文摘This study aims to explore the cultural identity of Chinese related to their self-perception, their perception of Malays, and their communication with the Malays in Bangka Island, Indonesia, emphasizing the Chinese intercultural communication competence in terms of their self-presentation in business relationships with the Malays. The study employed an interpretive approach, more specifically the symbolic interactionlst and dramaturgical tradition. The researchers focused on intercultural communication experiences and competence as enacted by the 25 Chinese in the area of the research. The study used in-depth interviews with the Chinese as the main method with some observation of the Chinese communication with the Malays. The researchers also interviewed eight Malays as additional subjects of the research to corroborate the research findings. The study found that the Chinese in Bangka Island perceived themselves as open and willing to mingle with the Malays They are hospitable, hardworking, tenacious, frugal, and fond of maintaining long-term relationships. In contrast, in the Chinese view, the Malays are open and willing to mingle with others, obedient to the teachings of Islam, but they are lazy and are keen on being flattered, consumptive, and easily seduced. In terms of their intercultural communication competence, the Chinese are skillful in their self-presentation by employing various verbal and nonverbal tactics to adjust themselves to the interpersonal, group, and business situations where they encounter the Malays in their everyday lives
文摘Introduction: Currently, own individual perception is recognized as one of the important factors in the prevention of disease, including coronavirus disease, COVID-19. Given the massive impact of COVID-19 on all population’s life, including nurses as one of the main health services providers in the country, this study aims to translate and validate the Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses. Materials and Methods: Forward and backward translations and pretesting of the BIP-Q5 to Malay were conducted among nurses, subject matter experts, and language professionals. The validations process was elicited through an online cross-sectional study involving 56 nurses based on a ~10:1 subject-to-items ratio sample size estimations. Results: The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed one best component with eigenvalues more than one, confirming the questionnaire’s original version. There are five items within the single component, and all are with weightage of over 43%. The scree plot supported the findings, which showed that at least one factors are suitable to be retained. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.7 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.659. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.655, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity p-value was Conclusion: This study showed that the translated Malay Version 5-Items Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BIP-Q5 has a good psychometric property, and is a valid and reliable tool to be used to measure illness perceptions towards COVID-19 among Malaysian nurses.
文摘Background： Minangkabau Malays （Melayu Minangkabau） is one of the Malay sub ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, migration of the Minangs from West Sumatra to the state of Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus in Peninsular Malaysia took place and their descendants now form the main sub ethnic group in this state. The genetic polymorphisms of Y chromosome at DYS 287 locus were analyzed in Minangkahau Malays. Methods： A total of 41 buccal cells from healthy unrelated individual＇s males from Minangkabau Malays were typed for the DYS 287. The PCR products were separated on 2% （w/v） agarose gel followed by visualization under UV light. Results： Three out of 41 samples （7.32%） showed insertion （YAP＋） polymorphism, while the rest of the samples （92.68%） showed deletion （YAP-） polymorphism. This is the first report concerning the YAP in Malay population at Peninsular Malysia. Conclusion： The vAluable data obtained in this study will contribute to fill in the gap in the knowledge of YAP distribution in Malaysian population and will allow continuous interpretation of the evolution of YAP.
文摘“Driven by the motto Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa (language is the soul of a nation), Wu Zongyu has devoted his life to the promotion of the Malay language,” declared Malaysian media of Wu, a pioneer of Malay language education in China. Over the past 50 years, Wu has contributed his wisdom and passion to Malay teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) and trained many students who now wield a good command of Malay.
文摘Literacy and numeracy screening(LINUS)is a program implemented by the Malaysia Ministry of Education in primary schools nationwide to increase literacy skills of students in year 1–3.This study aimed at assessing the LINUS program implemented since 2010.Model of Critical Literacy by Freebody and Luke(1990)was applied in this study.Reading and writing tests for Malay language subject were developed from the module of LINUS program and conducted on 120 students from three different types of schools,namely national schools,national-type Chinese schools,and national-type Tamil schools.The results showed that the level of reading and writing of students was average.One-way analysis of variance tests showed significant differences between ethnic and type of schools with the reading and writing proficiency of the students;students of national schools scored the highest in reading test whereas the students of national-type Chinese school performed the best in writing test.In contrast,family socioeconomic status of the students did not influence their reading and writing proficiency.Therefore,teachers should take into account ethnic and type of schools in implementing the LINUS program as the main factors determining the level of literacy,achievement,and success of the LINUS program.
文摘Malaysia is known throughout the world for its multiculturalism.As a multiple ethnic country,many countries are looking on Malaysia as a great example of peaceful co-existence races and belief where all the ethnic groups in Malaysia live together in harmony and enrich the country's cultural lifestyle.Within that,Malaysia also consists of a collective blend of food,traditions,clothing and customs.Towards that,traditional dance is the treasure of art and culture.Therefore,with modern era and technology nowadays,it has led the younger generation care less about traditional dance.Beside,a printed media such as bunting,banners and pamphlets are less effective in promoting the traditional dance.By concerning this,this research study aims to preserving the traditional dance among young generation towards new media technology.In explaining the issues,a case study through quantitative approaches of questionnaires survey and interviews was used in studied the uniqueness of traditional Malay dance and further proposes a new approach for preserving the traditional Malay dance awareness among the young generation.The research significantly impacts the publics particularly on the new generation towards uniqueness of traditional dance in Malaysia.It is also contributes to the National Heritage Department and the National Arts and Culture Department where the documentation could be used as a collection of cultural and heritage books in the form of new media technology for young generation.
文摘.Since Malaysia's independence,the relationship between the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups(Malay/Chinese)and the relationship between the Malay and Indian ethnic groups(Malay/Indian)have been two of the most significant political issues in the country.While both belong to the category of indigenous groups and immigrant relations in Malaysia,there are fundamental differences between these two relationships.This paper argues that the Malay/Chinese relationship is a long-standing ethnic conflict caused by social class disputes,characterized by economic disparities,cultural clashes,and structural factors such as colonial history.In contrast,the Malay/Indian relationship is primarily a short-term regional conflict triggered by unexpected events.The ethnic stratification in the Malay/Chinese relationship,formed on the basis of economic differences,has become a structural condition,and the historical friction since the British and Japanese colonial periods has further exacerbated the situation.For Malaysia to build a truly equal and mutually respectful multicultural society,many areas still require significant efforts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40925008,40876024,and 40776027)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815906)+1 种基金Shanghai Shuguang Program (Grant No. 07SG23)Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist Program (Grant No. 10XD1406300)
文摘Weathering products of silicate rocks are particularly useful for evaluating the continental chemical weathering on the Earth's surface and its mechanism.Clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of surface sediment samples collected in major rivers of Malay Peninsula and North Borneo in the tropical Southeast Asian region are used to study the present chemical weathering process and its controlling factors of tropical regions.The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage in Malay Peninsula consists dominantly of kaolinite(average 80%) and minor illite(average 17%),almost without chlorite and smectite,whereas in North Borneo it consists mainly of illite and chlorite,with minor amounts of kaolinite(average 14%) and no smectite.Total contents of illite and chlorite in both Northwest and Northeast Borneo are 84% and 87%,respectively.Major-element geochemical results of both bulk and clay-fraction sediments show intensive chemical weathering degree for both areas.Relatively,the chemical weathering degree is gradually strengthened from Northeast Borneo,Northwest Borneo,to Malay Peninsula,and it is extremely intensive in Malay Peninsula.Our results indicate that,in the tropical Southeast Asian region exampled by Malay Peninsula and Borneo,climatic condition of tropical warm temperature and East Asian monsoon rainfall is the first-order controlling factor on the chemical weathering,resulting in intensive chemical weathering throughout tropical areas,and tectonic activity and lithology of parent rocks are subordinate factors,which still have an important impact on the weathering products,forming completely different clay mineral assemblages between Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
文摘Population growth leads to increased utilization of water resources.One of these resources is groundwater,which has steadily declined each year.The depletion of these resources brings about various environmental challenges.The present study aimed to explore the relationship between groundwater fluctuations and land subsidence in the Malayer Plain,Iran,focusing on quantifying subsidence resulting from groundwater extraction.Using Sentinel-1 satellite data(2014–2019)and monthly piezometric measurements(1996–2018),the analysis revealed an average deformation velocity of–6.3 cm yr–1,with accumulated subsidence of–32 cm over the 2014–2019 period.The maximum subsidence rate reached 10.3 cm yr–1 in areas of intensive agricultural activity.A wavelet-PCA spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater fluctuations identified critical multi-scale patterns strongly correlated with subsidence trends.Regression analysis between subsidence rates and groundwater fluctuations at various wavelet decomposition levels explained 75%of the variance(R2=0.75),indicating that intermediate-scale groundwater declines were the primary drivers of subsidence.Furthermore,land use analysis using Landsat data(1999–2021)revealed a 6230-ha increase in irrigated farmland,contributing to heightened groundwater extraction and subsidence rates.These findings highlight the critical need for sustainable groundwater management to mitigate the risks of continued subsidence in the region.
基金supported by Universiti Malaysia Kelantan(Grant No.R/SGJP/A07.00/00710A/001/2012/000081)
文摘Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.
文摘Ecological niche modeling has emerged as an useful tool in the investigation of the phylogeographic histories of species or communities in a region. The high biodiversity （oftentimes cryptic）, and complex geography and geological history of Southeast Asia particularly call for multipronged approaches in phylogeographic investigations. Past studies have focused on taxa that are associated with lowland rainforests, which is the dominant natural vegetation type. Here, we combine published phylogenetic data, ecological niche modeling and paleo-climate models to reveal potential drivers of divergence in two open-forest bird species, the oriental magpie-robin Copsychus saularis and Coppersmith barbet Megalaima haemacephala. In spite of broad overlap in current distributions, there are subtle differences in their climatic niches, which result in different responses to past climatic changes. For C saularis, both Last Glacial Maximum climate models indicated that the entire Sundaland was climati- cally suitable, while phylogenetic analyses found divergent eastern and western Sundaland lineages. We thus postulate that this genetic divergence was a result of past separations of coastal habitats into eastern and western portions due to the emergence of Sunda shelf as sea-level fell. The current separation of morphological subspecies in Borneo is maintained by low climatic suitability （high annual rainfall） in certain regions. The extirpation of M. haemacephala from Borneo and southern Malay Peninsula might have been driven by unsuitable conditions （high temperature seasonality） in central Sundaland and/or the lack of open woodlands. Our study shows that ecological niche modeling adds a powerful dimension to our attempt to understand lineage evolution in space [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 922-934, 2015].
